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TIMES WEDNESDAY
.
I
JANUARY . 9
Kremlin hardlinersealculate that deteñfeisàneasyprice to payfOr strategic advantage
ss1
From Michael Binyon
S.
The- Russians arénbw brac ing
thems 1ves for a. shIir deterior- -
. . relations
with
America in the:wake of their
widely condemned- :intervendon
in . Mghanjs-tan
measures. in retalia-
tion by President Carter.
now
the Soviet press
a vitriolic
mounting
Counter -aftack on American
policies around the globe, the
reaction to the grain embargo,
the postponement in opening an
American consulate in Kiev and
the American aid to Pak istan
has been fairly restrained so
far. .
The Russians do not want.to
be seen to accept the idea that
their intenentjon hashad wider
effects than they foresaw.
Détente is still official Sotriet
policy -towards the West, though
Mosco w now has no illusions
that it can survive in anything
other than name for some years
to come.
To the 15 elderly men in the
Politburo who make the deci-
sions, that probably does not
matters Over the past two years
it has became obvious that the
policy was not going to provide
the security the Russians sought
to allow them to pursue their
own interests.
Relat ions with the United
States have been under increas-
ing strain ever since President
Carter took office and the Rus-
sians believed there was little
be lost by upsetting him
to
again.
The
lations
relations
Other
West
Russians
with the
with
countries,
G e r many,
m att-er. America
leader of Nato,
Soviet-American
that affects issues
judge their re-
West by their
Washington.
except perhaps
do not really
is seen as the
and it is the
relationsh ip
of strategy,
Azakhel, near Pesthawar, Jan
8
Refugee Afghan headmen
today issued an invitation to
the deposed King Zahir Shah
to return from exile in Italy
and lead them in their fight to
expel Soviet troops from the
co : ntrY .
Please let our King know
of the headmen said. “ that
would
our
free
tuthanned
agreement.
to be an ex-
reftgee.
i c a field
tracks some
of P-ersh-a .-
up- by the
as one of
along the
to atcom-
one
if he would lead us
fight for him and
country.” A hundred
heads nodded in
Everyone seemed
tremely reluctant
Azakhel Camp
beyond the railway
23 ntiles south -east
%yar It
Pakistan
a series
Pakistan
mociate the
refugees pouring
Afghanistan. Tents
provided and the
issued with identity
the authorities.
But
%v nt
ha s beeti set
Government
of camps
border
thousands of
across from
and food are
refugees are
papers by
although the
of law runs
Pakistan
there, the
camp is really ruled by the
five chosen headmen and it is
they who keep real arder
among the 14,000 people on the
scattered campsite. The young-
est of the headmen is Hukam
Khan, who thinks he is “ about
40 “ and says that he has
reached the rank of headman
at so young an age, because a 1
the other elders of his tribe
have either been killed or jailed
by the Russians.
With
has
he
the
They
which
should
ing.
He
gun
of
we
had
figh
four other
real duty
war inside his
meet regularly
of the men in
be sent to join
says : CCWC have
for each 20 men.
us are sitting here
have no weapons.
weapons we would
.
1 .
So the
500 men
camp has
actually in
At regular inter vals
ments chosen by the
are sent in and the
fighters head back to the
The guns themselves
leave Afghanistan.
headmen
to further
cou ntry.
decide
camp
fight-
to
the
the
only one
The rest
because
If we
go and
only about
the field.
replace-
headmen
tired
camp.
never
Some of the men come back
wounded. The most recent
casualty here was hit in the
side six days ago somewhere
in the Dubundi region of
Lowager province. According to
him, fighting was intense
everywhere and there were no
other Afghans there than those
actually juining in the guerrilla
action.
Other men came up to show
their wounds, stripping their
sleeves or roiling up their
shirts and revealing livid scars.
One man was still wearing the
rd
coil
By Our Diplomatic
Correspondent
S
and
the
anon
in iheir
r
ar
.
. 1
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it
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‘ security and the overall direc-
tion of the Western alliance.
But the policy . of détente,
which is closely identified ‘With
President Brezhn tj. himself,
has not seemed to work. It s
trade benefits are margina l as
the Americans have s till not-
removed the restrictj otj on.
trade with the Soviet Utho ,
Increasingly . in Sov iett
détente has : mS
Moscow hostattto. thè ‘.
liners in the r.p t go : fld: in;'- t•:
the Senate. Th :Ru sis 7 : ,e t J
publicly warned they .t should
not do this or that for fear
of upsetting détente and jeo . -
pardizing the rdtificáfion sfthe
Salt 2 treaty on,. the limitat ion
of strategic arms. ,
Moscow badly- • needs . the
Salt 2 treaty; not • o i ly . for
economic reasons, . . but as an
in4ication to the SQviet :mill '
tar.y '-1ead rship that it is jos-
-sible to make binding agréé-
ments TWfth the Axnàicansmn
security matters. . . . .
th
if
But
Salt
restraining
they reg rd
terests in
world.
In the
realize
to
Russians do not want
it
is
net
as
other
_ —
to weave a
around . what.
.— . ..
their vital in-
parts of the
—
past year 1 they came
three things.
First, the American 1ead r -
ship appeared weak and was
unable to make its displeasux'e
with Soviet actions felt. Sec-
ondly, the Salt treaty was un-
likely to • get . through the
Senate however well the Rus-
sians behaved.
Thirdly, the • main military
value of Salt - tp. the Russians
the guarantee that nuclear war
would not be fought on . SGv let
soi1 was undermined by Nato's
deas.ion to deploy nuclear mis-
sues capable of reaching the
Soviet Union Western
Europe.
The
Carter
they
did
Russ ians regarded
as unpredictable;
found that flouting
not seem to matter.
el
S
green
had on
through
patched
over the
The
about
seemed
left the
fighting
which
corduroy waistcoat he
when a bullet went right
his side. The neatly
hole in fitted right
scar.
camp has been here for
five months. But it
that everyone there had
country because of the
with Soviet soldiers,
was going on fiercely
long before the invasion, on
Boxing Day, with Soviet hell-
copters using machine cannon
and napalm.
According to Mr Huka in Khan
the Soviet pressure had been
building up ever since the take-
over by Présid nt Tarakki in
1978. He said thaç mosques in
all the villages had ‘been shut
or even pulled down to stop
them being used as assembly
places for the people, and that
the Russians had tried to
persuade the vi11a e gins to go
to Moscow and learn Russian.
C ' We resisted and because of
that they sent tanks against us
into the mountains.. We have no
weapons to fight the tanks so
we dig deep holes in the roads
and cover them with t;ood.
When the tanks fall in we pour
petrol on them. Think what we
could do if we really had some
weapons.”
But rifles seem to be the only
thing they understand. The
man wounded last week said
that they had captured two
Afghan Army and-aircraft guns
but they were “ too sophis-
ticated “ for them to under -
stand.
in the camp say
they Afgha n istan only
when ran out of weapons.
When fled, they brought
nothing with them except
some beautiful Afghan . rugs
which they spread out on the
stubble of the field as their
open-air meeting . place . and
mosque.
They say that disease is
starting to spread because
there just is not enough to eat
ahd the Pakistani medical help
is too stretched to keep every-
thing in CheCk: The older men
comn lain that the recent rain
is getting into their joints and
causing rheum tIsm.
The children are given no
schoo ling because their imams
have been killed, ‘ or jailed of
have stayed to fiéht.
The men say they want to do
nothing -but fight the Russi n
and they all agree that they
want their King back to lead
them. But above atil theywant
to be free to worship Allah in
their way.
The people
left
they
they
U We
Tslam.
Isla m ic
and we
ever “,
‘C Give
fight
- I arrrngtoi
Lord Carrington, the Foreign
Secretary, leaves London today
a tour of five west and
Asian countries, with the
confirming British
help in the after-
Soviet action of
for
south
objective of
support and
math of the
Af ghanistan.
His first
where he
the Foreign
call on the
stop will be Ankara,
will have talks with
Minister today and
Prime Minister. As
Turkey is
the allies '
crisis.
a Nato cou ntry,
clos ely involved in
talks on meeting the
Tomorrow he flies to Oman,
where the implications of the
changed situation in Ira n for
the Middle East will
main thenie of talks
be
with
the
the
.
:r .S
_ 1.
want nothing except
We come from an
land. . We are Muslims
want to be Muslims for
Mr Hukam Khan says.
us the guns and we will
and die for Islam.”
a
sup '
S
I SSiOi
Sultan. The Foreign
then goes on to Riy
beginning of next
visit to such an
Muslim country
Arabia, which has
acted very sharply
intervention, is seen
ticularly important.
it
Secretary
adhz at the
week. The
important
as Saudi
already re -
to the Soviet
par-
In Pakistan, the country most
directly. concerned by the
Soviet iutervention, Lord Car-
rington will bt discussing prac-
tical ways in which Britain - cau
convey .jt support. Arms sup.
plies seem certain to be on the
agenda.
Finally, Lord Caruington ex-
pects to pay t brief visit S
Ddhi to bear the views of the
new Prime Minister.
Leading árticlë, pägé 13
as
it
in
Mr
But
him
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AFGHA
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BADAKHSHAN.
TAKHAR
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: • . - — . . . . .— . .• S
?E liey were angered by . hs
human rights campaign aTnd
took the risk of rejecung out
of hand hi . S 1 proposals .. in
1977. Mr Carter dreW up -new
proposals and téned down his
human rights campaign.
They placed dissidents on
trial risking American reta jia
tion. In ' the end none of the
trade deals suffered. . •
he Ameri c ans • ordered
Soviet troops in Cuba - to be
withdrawn : ‘ the Russians re-
fused, a d after a face saving
accommodation ‘ the Americans
dropp ed the issue. .
. The hãrdliners in the Pout-
buro presumably -drew . the
apprapriate Iessons; encouraged
also -by the example of Iran.
At the same time they were
intensely angered by tbe Nato
deéisioh last month, which was
seen to be a result of American
pressure. . .
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There is o suggestion . that
Mr Brezhnev's personal ascén-
dancy.is eakening in spite of
his poor health: But it does
seem as though the Soviet
leadership, by sanctioning fuiP
scale intervention in Aighani-
stan has decided . not to let
, . . .. • .
détente stand in the . way of
strategic interests. ‘ •
Hostile
reaétion in ' the Mus-
lint . world, it
: • was. probably
argued, could be deak with by
a vigorous
propaganda cam-
in aity . ca e W iuJd
oweti by a' forceful
. of the Ameriááü .
paign, añd
be overshád
denoue ment
Iranian . crisis. - . . . .
The Ru siaps appear has je r
to have been -surpnsed by the-
strength of the Western reac-
tion to Afghanistan. • They did
not expect that changing a hard-
line and brutal communIst for a
more flexible ma who was pro -
. —
. .- . ‘
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• . .
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est
I
1980
posing to slow down the pace of
left-wing reforms would pro-
yoke such condem nation. The
Soviet media . have shown the
same rather puzzled anger as
they did . when the West con-
demned Vietham's dverthrow of
Po1Ptt . -
p Eüt if Afghañistan signals an
effective end S dékente as the
Ruséi Efs have liked it the word
- to h'é : undeStood, is Moscow
expecting a return to the cold
%v.a 1— 1 ‘ . . . . . —
- The answer appears. to be No
at least, not in the sense ‘of
the ivords in the' l9SOs ,. There
are too. many Western - in-
terests in keeping businesslike
r iations . with the . Russians.
Trade is one, cultutal contacts
• are only reluctantly broken by
the -West, and the Athericans
always have to sell, their grain
somewhere. • . • •
What Moscow •. now expects
Jp_ a. -long-term -fçeeze. . Relations
ivill clearly . worsen in- - the
immediate future, and
advocates o 1 closer
with the West are
mistièL In virtually
the Russians will now
doors to the'West for
To the Kremlin that
Soviet
contacts
-very pessi-
every field;
cibse -the.
a while.
does not
matter. Indeed it may well be
w& come to the ideologists who
feared that prb longed çàntact
with the /Vest was *eakening
the ideó logtce l basis of conj-
J munisin, lowering the vigilance
‘ against western influence.
In a few years ' time the
Soviet leadership will be pre-
. occupied with its own succes-
sion struggles and the rapidly
worsening economic . situation.
The need then will be to keep
;contactsLs ith the West to . a
minimUm . until the internal
situation is, stabilized..
.• The hardliners in the Pout.
huro ' may have calculated that
détenfë was thé easy price to
pay for security. oü the borders
and a• strategic a4vantage that
the West, for all its . present
threats and . counter-measures,
is unlikely to be able ‘ to take
away.
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Afghan' soldiers man a checkpOint on the Jalalabad-Kabul road.
__ - I
.‘
From ; Our Own Ccrrespondent
Moscow, Jan 8 • . -
Russia today reacted angrily-
and sharply to the • Security
Council debatte pit Afghanistan
and Western Moves against the
So'ñet Union, . saying the West
was trying to go back to the. cold
war and had been gripped.by a
fiit of hysteria that threatened -
to destroy: détente. • . .
.Tass said the Security COun
cii resoluflon, vetoed yesterday
by the Soviet delegate, consti-
tuted. a “ call for a- change in
the existing other in Afghani-
stan.” The - agenëy said the dis-
cussion of the so-called Afghan
question had ‘ been imposed an
the Council ‘ by America, China
and their. allies against the will
of the Afghan Government. T he
clamour -raised about it was
being used as a pretext . by the
West to justify a return to the
cold-war. .
- The smear campaign t in-
leashed by the United States
was designed to . disguise its
sinister plans • of expansion and
hegemony. Meanwhile , Tass
said, America was systematic-
ally- increasing its military ex-
penidture and intensifying its
military preparations in the
Middk East, the - Indian Ocean
an d elsewhere; .
Pravda -today accused
America, . Bdtain, China and
other countries . of tryn g to
stifle the 1978 Afghan àtvo' lu ;
tion at its . birth.
._.
Lab
By
Soviet
Michael Hatfield
. I .
Political - Reporter
The LabGiir Party is to send
a deputation to Mr Nikolai
Lunkov, the Soviet Ambãssadàr
in Len.doh, to condemn Mos-
cow 's ‘intervention. in Afghanj.
s t an . : . •*• ‘ :
• Thè • party's international
coniAnittee, ‘ ichich decided on
the- tputafton yesterday, . also
appraved-üitanimously a resolu-
tion from Mr - Eric Heffer
. ,. • . - 4. . — • . .— —
. •
1
• .
—
reacti
C.
ft
:These countries, a co mn1enta
. tor said, had . formed a broad
alliance of forces ‘hostile to the
Apr i l revolution md ‘had.
launched a campaign of sabo-
tage, subversion,. armed prokro
cation and -di-rect intervention
. in tAfghanistañ's aff3irs.
‘ I i i recent months, the paper
. . sa id, . there was “ virtually an
- ñnde c1ared war against t he
Afghan . peopk “. rmperialist
circles had . not given : up their
p-Ians to undermine the April
revolution nd were • looking -
for IT pretext for further inter-
ference.
- Pravda said. the “ unscrupu.
bus game arotinci Afi”
was fraught with dangerous
conseque nces but would - . not
succeed.- . .
Referring to President Car-
ter 's sh reduction in grahi
sales . to the ‘Soviet Union, the
paper accused the President of
election poiiticso . In one of . its
most pointed personal corn-
nients againsf him, it said • his
actions were prompted by the
need to appear firth it ' the.
period before the presidential
election. . •
C' If in the process it
intended - to exert pressure on•
the Soviet Union -b curtailing
mutually adnntageOus contracts
. and nu Hify-ing Øforts tpwards:
an arms race, such- a course can
bring no dMdends . to - its -
authors “, Pravda 5a14. . .. . . -
— .
bass
4
S
i f
•
t.
I , . est
.
(Livefpoo l, . Wa ltèn) . stating:
C ' This Natiohal E*ecutive Corn-
mittee, . believing as jt does . in
frieudship
dérenth in
all-
and
1n .
between
E u rope ,
nationä• -to
peace
n 'ations
and the right of
s&f4éter .thi ii fiôn, ; . ccndemns
Sevief inter veatiôu in
the
Afàhanistan,
Soviet Union
the
its
and urges
. to withdra*
tro6ps forthwith ip We :mneer
of world peace “. ‘.
..
. — . ,— • — . I • . — — a
4
. $
. 1
War
I
I
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e”Tillas
From Christopher Walker
MWaIi, Jan. 8
In a cdncérted effort . to
promote armed resistance • in
Afghanistan; the . Egyptian
Government has already opened
a number of special. can ps to
proVide military training facili-
ties and weapons . for Afghan
guerrilla groups.
The existence of the- : new
mi litaky - camps; whose exact
locations inside Egypt . are being
kept a close secret,. was re-
‘vealed. here für the first time
today b General KamaI Hassan
All, . the . Egyptian Defence
Minister. . .
- He also . disclosed that the
Egyptian and American air
. forces have been carrying out
joint training • exercises some -
where in Egy pt over recent
weeks, 1eadii g to speculation
that Egyjt has already provdded
- . • . . S •
America with facilities to carry
• out aerial surveillance after the
recent turmoil in the région .
Speaking to correspondents
. covering the ninth . sumafit
meeting between . President
-. Sadat and Mr Menachem Begin,
the . Israeli Prime - Minister,
General Ali made • it clear that
previousunspécific promises of
.. Egypiian aid l Eo anti--Soviet
forces in Afgha nistan would
definitely include itilhitary assis-
•ta ic . -, . •
‘DetiiI of &e ex eni to /i iiich
the: Egy tiañs are • prepared to
• go • in .. pe arheading counter -
Sojriet moves in Afghanistan has
pro4ided fUx'theti evidence of the
-vi'áy In..whIèh concerii áboüt the
S&viet' threat in the Middle E t
ha dohiinated- the latest dISéLIS-
sionsbetween the Egyptian and
Israeli leaders. •
Spbkesmeñ for ‘both Govern-
.nients would givi no details of
bpecific plans discussed by the
. two .leaders but there is specu-
I lation that a very' limited -form
of stçategi - a ement may be
:in the offing. They are under-
stood tohave agr&d to another
rcnind •- of talks in addition to
the two alrfl4y scjiéduled.
. .
OVERSEAS
‘
Maputo, Jan
Mugabe, joint
Patriotic -Front,
day to • break
ceasefire if Mrs
_not end violations
agreement reached
letter to Mrs
public here, he
violations On Lord
British Gipvernor,
Muzorewa, . the
Nfinister, and
armed. forces.
8. Mr Rob e rt
leader of the
threatened to -
the Rhodés ian
Thatcher did
of the peace
in London.
Thatcher
blamed
Soames,
Bishop
former
the Rho
pIn a
made
the
the
Abel
Prime
desian
Mr Mugabe,. who commands
the bulk of • the guerrilla forces
in -the counti'y, said Lord
Soames had allowed South
African military units . to r e -
main in Rhodesia despite the
fact that the London • agree-
ment stated that they wou1d be
withdrawn.
He accused the Governor of
allowing General Peter Walls,
the -commander of the Security
Forces, to deploy tiis forces
while guenilla troops s ere con-
fined to camps and risked
encirclement. -
Mr- Mugabe, • commander of
the Zimbabwe African Nationil
Liberatiàn Army (Zanla) also
complained . that Bishop Muz-
oz e va's “ auxiliary “ forces had
been allowed the same freedom
of . moven- , nt as the Security
ille
S
ac_
Tehran, Jan 8. Four Govern-
ment security officers were
killed . in a .confrontâtjon with
insurgents in the tense Kurdis-
tan region- of Western iran to-
day. -
. A :Governznent column was
ambushed as it withdrew . from '
the • -Ktzrdish stronghold - of
Mahabadç the official Pars news-
agenc ' reported, - quotiüg .Mr
Jamshid- Haqgou, Covernor Geif-.
eral of /Vest Azerbaijan pray-
ince. He said the casualties
occurred - after insurgents
attacked and disarmed 120 gen-
darmes.
a The column had to. with-
draw when it was . faced by a
. group of protesting students
and people opposing their pres-
ence in the city “, . he was
quoted as saying. “ The column
was replacing another com ings
ent of outgoing gendarme;.”
The attacx was by unidenti-
fied armed insurgents about 13
miles outside the city, he added.
One gendarme was critically
From Richard Wigg
Delhi, Jan 8
An attempt to find the main
reasons behind M r s Judica
Gand iti's comeback with the
greatest election ViCtory of her
long political career could well
st art at what migut seem its
most baffling point : the
majority of more than 100,000
by w hich Mr Sanjáy Gandh i,
the Prime Minister's younger
son, unseated the janata N W
of the Amethi constituency in
northern India.
• Mr Gandhi 3 whos e t w o -year
jail sentence for conspiring to
destroy the master copy of a
film • satirizing biè mother's
emergency rule is still t ini-
tally on appeal , was conteinp-
tuously- rejected by the voters
in March, 1977, when he had
the campaign resources of a.
government behind him. -
This time. his campaign was
well staffed front Delhi but not
on the previous ‘ scale. lit r e -
mains an unattractive public
speaker and as he tramped
through . the -villages he told
Muslim voters :- “ Islam only
punishes o ce.” In his apoiogies
Far. the compulsoty ten'hzatzon
programme he put tke blame on
officials, not himself.
The .1977 election result was
evidently. a- negative vote and
so. it must have been this time
toç . for many in Amethi. The
Janata I MP, . like so niaiiy
throughout the .“ cow belt “. of
northern India; a rr.ogant1y neg-
lected his cer istifatency - froth
thedayhe-w njt,
The local constituency estab-
Iishme.n.t had no reason for not
Swinging back ' to the p i t -Co-n-
gress voting pattern it -had foF
towed Since 1952 in- -this back-
tvard part of the home state of
the Nehru family. Thai was why
the -seat was originally selected
for -Mr Gandhi. •
The janàta party iU the north
of India was seen by the
electors as- an urban party,
backed .chiefly by , trade!s aid
Joy
ashes to be
Strewn i i i Kenya
Front Charles Harrisirn
Nairobi, Jan 8
Mrs
naturalist,
Joy
Adamson,
and
author
the
a.rdst
who was murdered last week at
her remote safari camp in the
Shaba Game Reserve,
mated here today.
She
had
her wi n for
scattej éd over
she and her
raised the
cub, Elsa,
age. Born
Elsa and Ia
made Mrs
throughout
was cre-
left instructions
in
her ashes to . be
the plains wháe
husband George
orphaned lioness .
more - than- 20 years
ry .of
films,
kn own
Free, the sto
ter'books and
Adathson
the world.
About 50 mourners attended
the funeral service in an open-
walled chapel only yards from•
the Nairobi National park. The
Kenya Government was repre-
sented by Mr Daniel Sindiyo,
the Director of Wildlife. He rr 1
Ernst . Ilisinger, - the Autrian
A mbassador. was aznGng . the-
mourners.
Kenyan police have not yet
announced a formal charge of
murder in connexiàà with her
death. - . .
•. 4
.
. - .
— ‘
. —
Force and were trying to move
•into territory .evacuated-• by the
Pathotic Front ‘ . .
. Hé also protested at Britain's
decision to postpone the return
of . leaders- of his Zitbabwe
-AfHcan National Union .. (Zanu)
to Rhodôia arid said th devel.
npment of the situation posed a
5 ' dangeroustI i eat 3 ' to the elec-
tions set foE next month. He
added : “ What chicanery is
-this, Madam Prime Minister?”.
The -letter demanded an fin-
mediate end to.the alleged viola-
ñons of the agreement and ‘went
on: “ If they toutinue, I ha1I
regard my side and its forces as
cquailly free to thshpnour, in a
similar w ; the èeaseffre • agree-
ment ‘ ! Ageñce Francé-i&esse.
Complaints.rejectEd : A British
spokesman . satd . none tf • Mr
MUgabe's complaints èoncerning
deployment • of Rhodesian
Irdops; Sbüth Mrican fGrces • at
!Beit ! Bridge, -ihd the presence
of. S eturityForèe “auxiliaries”
in rura l areas, consñtüted . a
bréathof the ceasefire, writes
Nicholas Ashfârd frdm Salis-
bury. . .- •
Re • said the Governor- was
ezjtiiled aider: The Lancaster
House ‘ agreement to use afty
. forces that had accepted M s
authority, and the continued
- —. - - , . -
0I
es
‘wounded and the rest dis-
armed. ‘I At the same- tjnie ès
the atthck,. flair geridarmes were
killed and four others -wounded
içhen a lorry èo l l lded with -a
gendarmerie truth being stop-
ped b :v in urgents “, the Pars
report said.
. —— . _
Anti - Cavernment crowds
rallied in the nôrSwesteri city-
of Tabrii tOthy :t . spoàdic in-i
rest . cbiitinüed i i i - I r an 's
troubled pronnces.
Officials at the East Azer-
baigan governor - genenI s
office • said at kast 20,000
I peo ple rallied in support of
.. Ayatollah Shariat-Madari.
Members of the opposit ion
Muslim People's Repu-b ljcan
Party (MPRP), supporters of
Ayatollah Shariat-Madari, esti-
mated the crowd to be 100,000
strong and said some prUtesters
tore . down pohraits of
Ayatollah Khonteini, the revà-
lutionary leader. AP and
Reuter. -
money. - eñders, oftez i of the
Bania caste never popular *ith
the poor ordinary people.
Behind them- were the un-
stable Janata snte governments
of Uttar Pradesh, Rihar and
Häryanà riven by petty rivalries
and caste divisions. That was
the ordinary paopks' daily
reality far away from the
Olympian, Mr Morarji Desai in
De lhi. •
Mrs Gandh i must thus be
given full marks for her prin-
cipal election - slogans—law and
order and rising pr ices hut
they do not provide i full ex-
planation for -her success.
The governments of Mr Desal
and Mr .Cba r Singh. neither
took any serious actions to curb
the price fises nor did they
attempt to educate the public
about their causes during the.
long election campaign. The two
wings of • the former Janata
party paid dearly for that con.
temjft of the voters .- - .
But now Mrs Gandhi hiherits
a- naive belief that she tan
somehow solve the ordinar . r
ntn 3 s economic -headachS.'
] oday at her -Delhi residence,
where crowds of people of all
classes continued- to • pay their
respects,' Mrs Gandhi sounded a
warning as
ofhér
Ptrnjab. -
‘C The
ske addreised a
supporters from
country's • economy is
V4ety gnni, that's how they Mt
it “, she said. “ I shall • need the
sa me help from: you to solve
these problem s as yGU gave me
to wiia the elec lions.” A roar
pledging fafthful . upport went
up. -
Mrs Gandi*i's triumph
happily . punctured the over-
• blown repütafioá of Mr Jagji-
van Ram, the J anata leader, and
ordinary voters- must be enjoy-
ing that • A skilled operator in
the . -Delhi -caucus rooms for
decad s, th u thtie he . xieithè
pro i ed a n a tional leader,
of his fellow Hwijans (formetly
unsuc-ha b1es). ‘ As • for his
attempt .• to secure a shate of
t
stati
From Pox Buttethelci - -
Peking Jan 8 . -
. Mr }jaróld BrOwn, the Amen-
can :Defeuce . Secretary, afle
no-qnçed today that the United
States *aj now -prepared to sell
China a groUnd station capable
of receiving . informati6n from
an Earth resources satellite
(Landsat), witht possible mili•
tary applications.
T1je .gmun station has com•
puters ande taping. equipment
with more . advanced technology
than auythiñjthe ‘Uthted States
has' sold -to the Sotet Uniom a
Defence Department official
saida . - -
China odght 11 täde a it-
quest for the- Lañdsat giouñd
station . over . . a year • ago, the
offidal added, . but because of
its_ PdtthUa!.-tlitary üse an
extensive debate - had been . con .
ducted by the Carter Adniinis.
tration before deciding . to make
it available. to Peking. -.
“ Mr Brown's annouiweme t h
‘was made ; c t& , Thet •, Mr
DengXtab . pthg, thi senior
Deput r Prime:Minister, for over
two hours in he .Great HaIl-.of
the Pe pJe thttni rmng.. :
S )ifr Deng;to1d the -Defence
—
-
S
C,
presence of Patriotic Front
guerrillas who - had not reported
to - assembly areas was itself a.
breach of the ceasefire.
Lagos protest : Students back -
iflg Mr Mugabe occupied th&
British -High Commission inS the
Nigerian capital of Lagos for
12 hours yesterday protesting
against the presence of South
African soldiers in Rhodesia .—
Agence trance-Presse.
Commonwealth anger : Strong
criticism of Lord Soames's -deci-
slon to allow South African
troops to guard the Belt Bridge
was voiced yesterday at .a meS
b ig of the Commonwealth
Southern -Africa Committee in
London, writes David Spanier,
Our Diplomatic Conespondent.
Commonwealth representatives
accused B rita i n of breaking
firm undertakings given at the”
Lancaster House conference.
The
Governor's move, when
there is no serious breakdown
of law and order , is considered
. breach • of faith.
An early
Carrington,
tary, will
Shridadh
rnonwea lth
express
to
/‘iesys
meeting with Lord
the Foreign Secre-
be sought by Mr
Ramphal, the Corn...
. Secretary-General,
the committee's
Greek forces
chief asks to
be replaced
From Our Correspondent
Athens, Jan 8
—
I
*
. .
. .
General loannis Davos, who
has been head of the Greek-
armed forces since September ,
1976, has asked to fre relieved
of his duties in order, . as aü
announcentent by the Defence
i 4inistry ut it, “ to f ci1itate
the renew al of the: country's
military leadership ?‘• .
.• The Defence Ministry said. i
Mr Constantine Karanianlis, the . •‘
Prime Minister, had asked the
general to stay as Chief of thea
National Defence General Staf&
last summer when he asked ta —
be replaced. -
Clearly, the Prime Minister
was keen that General Davos,
aged 61, should COIfiflue the
negotiations which he had been
douducting with the Commas
der-in-Chief of Allied Forces in
Europe on the military
re —integration of Greece l i t ‘
Nato.
a
the Muslim. vote against Mrs
Gandhi, the Muslim leader he
selected as his mouth iece
actually lost his own deposit.
Caste did not play so big a
role - as expected. But Mrs
Gandhi's can' dlic lates were
selected, as usual, with caste in
. Initti and Mr Charan S 'i !ngh's
relatively better performance
confirms that it was a factor.
In the south, with no Janata,.
things were relatively less corn-
plicated than in the more
populous north. But again the
&tartliDg rise of the Dravi 1a
Munnetra Xazhagam, the Tamil
re ionai party, which had a My
one seat in the outgoing Lower
16 in the new
Gandh?s life
House and has
one, shows Mrs
giving touch..
Mrs Gandhi faces a formid-
able task if she wishes to live
up to the great expectations
she had whipped up in the
campaign among ordinary
voters. That In the last analysis
helps to explain the huge swing-
in her favour. a silent shift of
the -,man in t he street in one of
those- collective expressions of
the Indian.psyche towards hope
and. a real leaden
Our Ca lcuttI Correspondent
W rites : West Bengal is the on1y
state where Mrs Gandhi's Con-
gress has fa ile d in this e1ec
t ioji. Although full returns
from /Vest Bengal will not be
available until tomorrow, the
count so far . shows that the
ru l ing Left Front, led by the
ComnuinTht •Pàrty of In d ia
(YJaSst) will win more than
90 per cent of the state 's 42
seats in Parliament.
The Marxist communists,
who claim to be independent
of- -both . Pek ing • and Moscow ;
alone are poised to - win 70 -per
cent of West Bengal seats. Eut
this S: a source of little corn-
f•ort to the Marx ists who fear
that Mrs Gandh i 's Government
in Delh i may find - some pre-
text to throw them out of
pOwer in this state.
te
ese
.fll
.
4
.
. —4
— .
½-
-
a
I.
I
4.:
.1
i i
I
4 4
.-
. —
Secretary, who is on an eight•
day tour th China, that China
a lia the United States should
do something in a dpwn-to. ; ,
earth way so as to defend world
peace against Soviet ff iegemon
asm.
- But it was not dear whethe{ •
The two nations will reach any
concrete agreement on how to L
counter the Soviet intervention-
in Afghathstan, or on ways to
coordinate military aid to Paid .
Stan, before Mr Brown L
c ludes his talks • in Peking
tomorrow.
tA.n American officials said
China would tot be able to use
the satellite itself for military . i
purposes , since the United
States controls the programming
t)f_ the information. that wi ll be .
fed to the Ch inese ground:
station.
Last January, when Mr Deng
was in Washington, an agree -
i n St benveen China and the
United States was reached to
provide Peking wit-h a civilian “.
commun icaflo yts . satellite.
. Twenty other count ties have -
already. • purchased round-
. stitións. r5ew • York- Times.
. News Service; . .
.
IL
, .
.
Moscow, Jan 8
d S
eia+I
‘b; ons wit
‘ -I
. 1
.
__
But though
:
LOGAR
PA. -‘-r
AN
Vi I ,
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From Jan Murray
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