Iran's attacks on human rights lawyers
December 21, 2010 | By Gissou Nia, Special to CNN
Starting this week, several of Iran’s most prominent women’s rights activists, including Nobel Peace Prize laureate Shirin Ebadi, will stage a sit-in in front of the U.N. Human Rights Council offices in Geneva, Switzerland, to protest Iran’s imprisonment of their colleague Nasrin Sotoudeh.
Iranian authorities arrested Sotoudeh, one of Iran’s most well-known criminal defense attorneys, on September 4 for a range of “security” offenses, including her legal representation of Ebadi.
She has spent months in solitary confinement and has waged a hunger strike that has seriously debilitated her and made her husband, friends and colleagues fear for her life. The Iranian legal system, whose injustices Sotoudeh fearlessly championed against during the course of her career, has cruelly denied her the ultimate legal right: a fair trial.
Sadly, Iran’s attack on Sotoudeh is not unique. In the past year, the arrests of defense attorneys who represent repressed minorities, opposition figures and other targeted people have spiked alarmingly. The Iranian government, which seeks to suppress human rights progress, finds lawyers such as Sotoudeh compelling targets.
Since the 2009 election in Iran, the focus has sharpened on the country’s human rights situation. But the deterioration in human rights in Iran began much earlier. One of the most salient features of the government’s tactics has been its continued and intense targeting of criminal defense lawyers who represent defendants in politically motivated cases.
During the presidency of Mohammad Khatami, Iran introduced human rights reforms, albeit limited, that were unprecedented since the Iranian Revolution. Although significant problems persisted, this period was characterized by the growth of a more independent press, the creation of nongovernmental organizations and increased transparency.
Since the election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2005, however, much of this progress has been repealed. Newspapers and NGOs were censored and shut down. As the repressive government under Ahmadinejad methodically rolled out its campaign of suppression of civil society, lawyers continued to challenge the government in the only remaining legal forum: the courts.
Iran’s human rights lawyers worked tirelessly, despite severe limits to representing their clients. Those working on politically motivated cases are often barred from speaking with or visiting their clients until the date of trial. They also are denied copies of documents in evidence and are seldom provided with a written verdict in their client’s trial from which to construct a proper appeal.
Despite these restrictions, the advocacy efforts of these attorneys provided a means to secure human rights gains. Savvy lawyers who were familiar with the system could mitigate punishment for their clients by securing lower sentences or avoiding an execution sentence on death penalty cases.Although these advocates worked within the system, they became the direct targets of the government.
As journalists, bloggers, activists, academics, unionists and others who work to combat human rights abuses were deemed “anti-revolutionaries” and tried in “Revolutionary” courts by the Iranian government, their legal counsels were correspondingly labeled as opposition. Sometimes, they were considered accomplices to the alleged illegal activities of their clients.
Following the disputed June 2009 election, in which hundreds of members of perceived government opposition were rounded up by Iranian authorities, the risks to lawyers dramatically increased.
Although representation of clients on politically motivated cases previously placed an attorney’s legal career in jeopardy, now performance of these services placed lawyers in personal jeopardy.
Prominent criminal defense lawyers, including Abdolfattah Soltani, Shadi Sadr and Mohammad Ali Dadkhah, were arrested in increasing numbers and forced to terminate their legal representation of human rights and civil activists detained during the post-election unrest.
In recent months, the arrest, imprisonment and sentencing of lawyers on prominent case files including Sotoudeh, Houtan Kian, Mohammad Seifzadeh and others demonstrate that the Iranian government’s targeting of lawyers shows no sign of abating.
Today, Iran is not alone in government-sanctioned attacks on lawyers. Targeting lawyers is often a catalyst for larger-scale repression.
In 2009 and 2010, governmental representatives in China, Kenya, India, Vietnam, Syria and Russia targeted human rights lawyers so as to eliminate any degree of independence that could undermine centralized authority.
This trend is dangerous, because history shows that an independent judiciary and its lawyers often function as the last refuge for the protection of human rights in civil society. Without legal recourse, the human rights situation in a country declines rapidly. In Zimbabwe, the subversion of the judicial system and targeting of human rights lawyers early this decade prompted the swift regression of human rights.
The attack on independent lawyers in Iran is the latest demonstration of this disturbing pattern. Though small in number, lawyers play a major role in promoting accountability for human rights.
As Sotoudeh’s colleagues stage their sit-in in Geneva, the international community should commit itself to protecting lawyers in Iran from arrest and imprisonment — or risk the people of Iran having their last defenses stripped from them.
The opinions in this commentary are solely those of Gissou Nia.
