Kurde' chief committed to self-rule Barns, Michael K The Sue ( 1837- 1 985); Aat 6, 1979; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Baltimore toe, The (1t37-19t6) Pt. Al Kurds' chief committed to self-rule By MICHAELL BURNS Sun Staff Correspond ent Mahabad, Iran—Sheikh Ezzeediji Hos- semi, the popular leader of the Kurdish autonomy movement in _ is a soft- spoken grandfather. He has ray beard and wears a white turban, and he bears wounds from the last rebellion of the Kurds, a decade ago. His right foot is ailing and he apolo- gizes to visitors for not being able to rise to greet them from the Persian carpets that cover the reception room, where be receives petitioners and advisers through the day. The 58-year-old political-religious leader seems a gentle man. The impres- sion is heightened by his voice—a near whisper, the result of an operation for throat cancer. But he is a tough bargainer, a committed opponent of the Tehran-Qom Islamic regime. And he promises violence if Kurdish demands for self-rule are not. met. “It will be the government's fault if something happens,” he said. “A fight will certainly start if the revolutionary guards jTehran's security forcesj are not with- drawn from Kurdish towns. “I hope that we can reach a peaceful settlement,” Sheikh Hosseini added. “But this situation in Marivan is not the last problem.” The 25,000 Kurds in Marivan aban- doned the city two weeks ago in protest against killings that occurred when revo- lutionary guards were sent in by Tehran to take up security duties—a move the town council opposed. The Kurds are living in neighboring villages and in a mountain- side tent camp, protected by their own militia, which has acbanged fire several times with government forces. Twelve persons have been killed in the fighting in Marivan, which the Kurdish spiritual leader said was the last city in the area to have revOlutionary guards forced on it. The central government is fearful of giving Kurds self-rule because that could lead to separatism and similar demands from other major tribal groups in real aim of the Kurdish people is to rule themselves—not separation,” Sheikh Hosseini said. “We want to stay a part of “but the government has deaf ears and will not listen.” The Kurds established a short-lived state in 1946, with Soviet support, but the muvement was crushed by the shah. The leader, Qazi Mohammad, was hanged and buried in an unmarked grave. Qazi Mohammad is honored as mar- tyr today in Mahabad. His picture and that of Sheikh Hosseini appear in windows of shops and houses. Ten years ago, the fighting erupted again. The government ruthlessly put it down and imposed virtual martial law in See KURDS, M, Col. 1 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without pormiooion.
Kurdish leader vows self wrule for his people KUHUS. from Al the northwest, exccuting Kurds who defied the ban on car- rying weapons. Today, nearly every carries a pistol or rifle, and the arms bazaar Ilouris ma an Kurdish cities as a result of the revolutionary freedom that followed the departure of the shah. Like their traditional moustache, billowing pants, colorf i ii waist-sash and turban, arms are very much a part of the Kurd's costume and his warrior heritage, “We were fighting for the same thing 10 years ago,” Sheikh Hosseini said. “The difference is that no one could hear about our struggle. If we have to turn to fight- ing this time, we will get support from all over Two weeks ago, representatives of the Kur as auton- omy movement held a secret meeting i an with lead- en of the other major ethnic groups in Arabs, Balu- chis, Turkomans, Turks—and issued a statement support- ing democratic self-rule in the areas each group Inhabits. They also agreed to let each group pursue its own de- mands without formulating a common proposal for au- tonomy. When the Kurdish rebellion was put down 10 years ago, Sheikh Hosseini made peace with the shah, who provided money to build roads, power plants and other basic ser- vices in the long-neglected northwest. Some say this ges- ture bought off Sheikh Hosseini; others insist that the Kurds simply recognized their limits against the well- equipped military. But the sb h's economics failed to bring wealth to the mountainous region inhabited by 4 million Iranian Kurds, brothers to 12 million others in neighboring Turkey, Iraq, Syria and the Soviet Union. Land redistribution saddled peasants with loans they could not repay, and agricultural production sank. Feudal landlords reclaimed their properties. Rice and wheat and cigarettes were imported from abroad as the h areas no longer produced enough of these crops fo In the spring revolution this year. Kurds dug p their buried weapons—or raided army arsenals—and seized farmlands to plant the crops they are now harvesting. Landlords have tried to win support from the government and from Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Iranian revo- lutionary leader, in their attempt to reclaim these lands. Sheikh Hosseini said he had heard that these landlords had received weapons from the Tehran government, a report he linked to violence last month in three areas that cost 10 lives. The success of this kind of self-help land reform has fired the hopes of many Kurds to achi r long-sought goal of an autonomous Kurdistan in a goal that is also supported by several large landholders. The fighting that broke out recently during a march in Sanandaj, a Kurdish city 125 miles south of here, began with a' minor misunderstanding over the shipment of wheat supplies from the city of Tebran. Two hundred per- sons died in the battle between government forces and Kurds attacking the army garrison. Ayatollah Mabmoud Taleghani, a respected clergyman from Tehran, resolved that dispute with promises of self- rule except in federal matters. But the new draft constitu- tion does not mention regional autonomy, and Kurdish spokesmen say the government attempt to send its own se- curity forces to their towns indicates the lack of good will. The Tehran government did enact laws giving limited autonomy to town councils in cultural and local affairs, and several councils have been elected in the Kurdish areas. But the laws also impose a mayor appointed by Tehran and do not permit directly elected councils for larger political areas. The central government has also tried to build up an- other Kurdish leader, Sheikh Ahmad Muftizadeh, to counter the autonomy movement. He supports the idea of limited regional councils instead, a move that has eroded his popularity. He has called many autonomy supporters Communists. Sheikh Muftizadeh now leaves his Sanandaj borne every afternoon and spends the evening away from the city, re- portedly for security reasons. Only several hundred sup- porters turned out for a rally he called In late June, a sign that many Kurds are wary of his close ties to Ayatollah Khomeini and Prime Minister Mehdi Bazargan. Ayatollah Khomeini's attempt to enforce a strict Shiite Muslim ethic has helped to turn the Kurds against him. Most of them belong to the other branch of Islam, Sunni, though they are more relaxed about their religion. Many Kurdish women eschew the full-length veil urged by Is- lamic zealots, favoring their brightly-colored, gold-em broidered costumes and headdre Unlike in many other parts of n, Mr. Khomeini's pic- ture is rarely seen in Mahabad. “Khomeini Is anti-Kurd, he has sent us nothing but soldiers,” a grizzled peasant in a village outside Saqqez said with anger. Kurdish sensitivities have also been irritated by what they claim is a deliberate distortion of news about their area. That issue led to a protest march in Marivan that was fired on by revolutionary guards, who were attacked by Kurdisb rifleMen, and another dangerous confrontation was under way. They are resentful at the lack of industry or develop- ment of oil resources in the area. There is one refinery in Icennanshah, Sheikh Hossaini said, “and most of the work- ers are not even Kurds,” No new government could expect to achieve drastic economic change overnight. But Kurds fought the révolu- tion against the shah in order to achieve political and eco- nomic change, and the result has been disappointing, Sheikh Hosseini said, Sbeikh Hosseinl, whose father and grandfather were also respected Kurdlsh leaders, is committed to socialism as the remedy for the feudalistic poverty of most Kurds; But he says, “I do not want to make divisions among the Kurdish people on a question of ideology.” He has also forged strong bonds with the resurgent Kurdish Democratic party, whose candidates In last week's election for constitutional convention delegates he supported. While at odds with Ayatollah Khomeini, Sheilth Hos- semi is respected as a religious figure, as well as political leader, by the Kurds. It is a potentially powerful combina- tion of allegiances that Shelkh Hosseini holds, and he strongly implied that the time was ripe at last to press the case for autonomy against a weakened provisional gov- ernment in Tehran. “The future Is difficult to predict,!' he told a reporter, who asked what would happen If the central government refused to grant self-rule and or to withdraw security forces from the towns. Then, in a smiling aside to a confidante seated at this side, he whispered: “It is obvious what will happen.” • B lock Sea Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner Further reproduction prohibited without permission.