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Report of the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Nigel S. Rodley, submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/37

          
          UNITED
          NATIONS E
          Distr.
          Economic and Social GENERAL
          Council
          E/CN.4/l997/7/Add.l
          20 December 1996
          ENGLISH
          Original: ENGLISH/FRENCH
          SPANISH
          COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
          Fifty-third session
          Item 8 (a) of the provisional agenda
          QUESTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS SUBJECTED TO ANY FORM
          OF DETENTION OR IMPRISONMENT, IN PARTICULAR: TORTURE AND OTHER
          CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT
          Report of the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Nigel S. Rodley, submitted pursuant
          to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/37
          Addendum
          Summary of cases transmitted to Governments and replies received
          CONTENTS
          Paragraphs Page
          Albania . . . . 1 4
          Armenia . . . . 2 - 4 4
          Austria . . . . 5 - 8 4
          Azerbaijan . . 9 5
          Bahrain . . . . 10 - 16 5
          Bangladesh . . 17 - 19 7
          Bolivia . . . . 20 8
          Bulgaria . . . 21 - 41 9
          Burundi . . . . 42 13
          Cambodia . . . 43 13
          Cameroon . . . 44 14
          Canada . . . . 45 - 47 14
          Chad 48 15
          Chile 49 - 69 15
          China 70 - 85 18
          GE.96-14494 (E)
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          CONTENTS ( continued)
          Paragraphs Page
          Colombia 86 - 105 20
          Congo 106 23
          Côte d'Ivoire 107 23
          Cuba 108 - 113 24
          Cyprus 114 25
          Ecuador 115 - 117 25
          Egypt 118 - 143 26
          El Salvador 144 30
          Equatorial Guinea 145 - 152 30
          Ethiopia 153 - 156 31
          France 157 - 167 32
          Germany 168 - 171 34
          Greece 172 - 173 35
          Guatemala 174 - 181 36
          Republic of Guinea 182 37
          Honduras 183 - 188 38
          Hungary 189 - 192 39
          India 193 - 208 40
          Indonesia 209 - 241 44
          Iran (Islamic Republic of) 242 - 246 50
          Israel 247 - 274 51
          Italy 275 - 284 56
          Jamaica 285 58
          Jordan 286 59
          Kazakstan 287 - 288 59
          Kenya 289 - 307 60
          Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 308 64
          Mexico 309 - 333 64
          Morocco 334 - 335 69
          Myanmar 336 - 344 70
          Nepal 345 - 347 72
          Nigeria 348 - 351 73
          Pakistan 352 - 373 74
          Paraguay 374 77
          Peru 375 - 387 77
          Philippines 388 - 391 79
          Poland 392 - 393 80
          Portugal 394 - 399 81
          Republic of Korea 400 - 404 82
          Romania 405 - 416 83
          Russian Federation 417 - 433 84
          Saudia Arabia 434 - 438 88
          Senegal 439 - 445 90
          Slovak Republic 446 91
          Spain 447 - 453 91
          Sudan 454 - 472 92
          Sweden 473 96
          Switzerland 474 - 476 96
          Syrian Arab Republic 477 97
        
          
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          CONTENTS ( continued)
          Paragraphs Page
          Tunisia . 478 - 487 97
          Turkey . 488 - 528 99
          Turkmenistan . 529 - 531 109
          Uganda . 532 109
          United Arab Emirates . 533 109
          United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . . 534 - 538 109
          United Republic of Tanzania . 539 - 542 111
          Uzbekistan . 543 - 544 112
          Venezuela . 545 - 564 113
          Viet Nam . 565 - 566 116
          Yugoslavia . 567 - 571 117
          Zaire . 572 - 579 118
          Zambia . 580 119
          Other communications:
          Information transmitted to the Palestinian Authority . . 581 - 586 119
        
          
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          Albania
          1. On 29 May 1996, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on behalf
          of the members and supporters of opposition political parties, who had
          allegedly been arrested that same month in several towns of the country during
          the electoral campaign. Some of the detainees were said to have been beaten
          and to have received other ill-treatment while they were in police stations.
          Armenia
          2. By letter dated 12 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur communicated the
          individual cases summarized in the paragraphs below. Mikael Manukian,
          Armen Momojan and Arsen Artsruni, charged in connection with alleged
          membership of a clandestine armed group known as ‘DRO' within the opposition
          Armenian Revolutionary Federation party were allegedly beaten and otherwise
          ill-treated for the purpose of coercing confessions during pre-trial detention
          at the premises of the Ministry of Security in Yerevan. Rafael Safarian and
          Zhora Khachatrian were among several lawyers involved with the ‘DRO' case who
          were allegedly beaten severely by persons wearing military uniforms who were
          either public officials or were acting at the instigation of such officials.
          3. Nineteen devotees of the Hare Krishna religious organization, including
          four women and four children, were reportedly beaten, some with iron bars,
          on 18 April 1995 at the group's premises in Yerevan by 20 to 25 men, some
          of whom were wearing military fatigues. The beatings were reportedly ordered
          by the Ministry of Defence because it had mistakenly believed that the
          Hare Krishna religion obliged devotees to refuse military service.
          4. Razmik Grigorian, aged 62, was reportedly arrested on 8 May 1995 in
          connection with a murder. He was taken to the police station in Kamo where he
          was severely beaten, and he subsequently died. The results of a forensic
          autopsy and investigation were not revealed by the authorities.
          Austria
          5. By letter dated 11 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information on two cases of torture or
          ill-treatment. The Government replied to those cases on 11 September 1996 and
          transmitted a copy of a decree issued by the Austrian Ministry of Justice on
          15 September 1989 concerning procedures for the prompt and impartial
          investigation of allegations of torture or ill-treatment by police or security
          officials. The cases sent and the Government's reply are summarized below.
          6. Wolfgang Purtscheller, a journalist who had reported extensively on
          rightist extremism in Austria, observed two plainclothes police officers
          detaining an African asylum-seeker at the Ernst-Kirchweger House
          on 22 September 1994 and asked the officers for their service numbers and
          whether they had a warrant for the arrest. Ten uniformed officers
          subsequently approached him. After an officer recognized the journalist and
          revealed his identity, another officer reportedly struck him in the face. He
          was then placed under arrest and reportedly knocked unconscious by another
          blow. He regained consciousness while lying in his own vomit. It was alleged
          that an officer stood on his head, another on his buttocks and a third twisted
        
          
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          his right ankle forcefully, causing him again to lose consciousness. He was
          hospitalized with bruises of the face, abrasions of both wrists and damaged
          knee ligaments. He filed two criminal complaints and a complaint with the
          Vienna Independent Administrative Tribunal. The Government replied that on
          20 June 1996, the Vienna Public Prosecutor requested the investigating judge
          at the Vienna Regional Criminal Court to question the police officers as
          suspects. However, it was not possible to close the criminal proceedings
          because it had not been possible to determine the whereabouts of
          Wolfgang Purtscheller, who was needed as a witness in the case.
          7. Emad Faltas, an Egyptian national, was allegedly assaulted by four
          members of the Vienna Drugs Squad on 21 June 1995, after he had been observed
          with a suspected drugs dealer. A medical examination carried out after his
          release revealed three broken ribs and cuts and bruises to his arms, stomach
          and face and he was hospitalized for seven days. The Government replied that
          the Vienna Federal Police Directorate had filed a criminal information against
          three detective officers. The officers were indicted on charges of causing
          grievous bodily harm, but were later acquitted by the Regional Criminal Court
          of Vienna. The Vienna Public Prosecutor's Officer entered an appeal against
          the judgement.
          Information received from the Government with respect to a case included in
          last year's report
          8. In its letter of 11 September 1996, the Government also replied to the
          case of asylum-seeker Naser Palushi, which the Special Rapporteur had
          transmitted on 29 May 1995 (E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, para. 43). The Government
          stated that criminal proceedings had been instituted against four police
          officers of the Vienna Federal Police Directorate. Forensic evidence revealed
          that Naser Palushi had suffered multiple but slight injuries, but it had not
          been possible to prove with the certainty required in criminal proceedings
          that the injuries had been caused by the officers. The court thus dropped the
          charges against the suspects.
          Azerbail an
          9. By letter dated 10 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information according to which Rafiq Shaban
          oglu Ismayilov, from the village of Digah, had been beaten severely in custody
          by three police officers from Masalli district on 8 December 1995 for the
          purpose of forcing him to make a confession to theft. He reportedly died from
          injuries sustained from the beatings. It was unclear whether any
          investigation had taken place.
          Bahrain
          10. On 6 May 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted the case of Said ‘Abd
          al-Rasul al-Iskafi, a 16-year-old from Sanabis village, who was allegedly
          subjected to torture in custody, including sexual assault, after he had been
          summoned for interrogation by the Security and Intelligence Service (SIS) on
          29 June 1995 in connection with his alleged participation in an
          anti-government protest. He died 10 days after his arrest. An expert
          forensic pathologist in the United Kingdom who examined photographs of the
        
          
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          corpse reported numerous injuries all over the body. He concludes that “ [ t] he
          appearances indicate that the deceased has been subjected to ill-treatment of
          a sustained and very painful nature'. The Special Rapporteur received a copy
          of the pathologist's report. The Government replied on 12 November 1996 that
          the information received by the Special Rapporteur was inaccurate and was the
          recognizable product of terrorist propaganda. Said ‘Abd al-Rasul al-Isakfi
          had died in hospital. A full and thorough investigation into the
          circumstances of his death had been promptly carried out. (The Government's
          reply did not indicate the nature or the results of the investigation.) None
          of the deceased's family had so far taken the opportunity to seek recourse in
          the ordinary courts of law.
          Urgent appeals
          11. Shaikh ‘Abd al-'Amir Mansur al-Jamri, Shaikh Hassan Sultan, Shaikh ‘Ali
          Ashour, Shaikh ‘Ali bin Ahmad al-Jeddhafsi, Shaikh Hussein al-Deihi, Hassan
          Meshema'a, Sayyed Ibrahim Adnan al-Alawi and Abdul Wahab Hussein were
          reportedly arrested by the security forces on 22 January 1996. They were said
          to be among hundreds of persons detained for political reasons during the
          month of January 1996. On 18 April 1996 the Government replied that they were
          members of a “terrorist cell” headed by Abdul Amir Mansour Al-Jamri. They
          were held in lawful custody and adequate legal, medical and procedural
          safeguards were in force. They had not been mistreated in any way. They were
          in good health, their conditions were humane and they were afforded rights of
          visitation, welfare and medical care. The source of the information
          subsequently alleged that the defendants had in fact been held incommunicado
          until September 1996, when they were finally allowed to receive visits from
          their families (7 February 1996)
          12. Ahmad Mansur ‘Ali Ahmad and Ahmad al-Shamlana, members of a group
          advocating the restoration of parliament (Petition Council) , were arrested on
          24 January and 7 February 1996 respectively and were being held incommunicado
          in al-Qal'a prison under the provisions of an Interior Ministry decree
          allowing for administrative detention without charge for up to three years.
          On 15 April 1996 the Government replied that the detainees were extremists and
          agents provocateur espousing violence to achieve their political goals. They
          were properly treated and their rights of visitation, welfare and medical care
          were afforded strictly in accordance with the law (12 February 1996)
          13. Salah Abdullah Al-Khawaja was reportedly arrested at SIS headquarters
          on 22 January 1996, nine days after he had completed a seven-year prison
          sentence for membership of an unauthorized organization. On 9 April 1996 the
          Government replied that Salah Abdullah Al-Khawaja was associated with
          foreign-backed groups which sought to endanger the security and stability of
          the country. He was in good health, properly treated and afforded all his
          rights of visitation, welfare and medical care (20 March 1996)
          14. Sa'id al-Absoul, a member of the Petition Council, was reportedly
          arrested in Al-Sanabes on 14 April 1996. On 18 June 1996 the Government
          replied that Sa'id al-Absoul had been released without charge on
          21 April 1996. His arrest had been lawful and he had not been mistreated in
          any way during his detention (22 April 1996)
        
          
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          15. ‘All Ahmad Kadhem al-Muttaqawi, Jassim Hassan Mansour al-Khayat, Hussein
          Ahmad al-Mudhifa, Hussein lousif Ibrahim, ‘All Ahmad Kazem ‘Abd ‘All and
          ‘Abbas ‘All Ahmad Habil were among at least 34 persons held incommunicado
          after allegedly confessing to involvement in an Iranian-backed plot to
          overthrow the Government of Bahrain. On 19 June 1996 the Government provided
          to the Special Rapporteur copies of statements issued by the Ministry of
          Interior discussing the plot to overthrow the Government. The texts mention
          the confessions of the above-mentioned persons, but their treatment in custody
          is not addressed (14 June 1996)
          16. Ishraq Habib, a 16-year-old female student, was reportedly arrested
          on 15 October 1996 in Manama on suspicion of possessing illegal literature.
          On 25 November 1996 the Government replied that the person on whose behalf the
          Special Rapporteur had appealed was probably Ashraq Ahmed Mansoor Nasser, who
          was arrested on 8 October 1996, held at the Juvenile Centre and released
          on 16 November 1996. She was not held incommunicado and any fears for her
          physical or mental integrity were mischievous propaganda. The Juvenile Centre
          was staffed by specially trained women police (8 November 1996)
          Bangladesh
          17. By letter dated 22 July 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information concerning some 200 Dhaka
          University students residing at Jagannath Hall, a facility housing primarily
          students from religious minorities, who were reportedly injured after being
          subjected to ill-treatment, including severe beatings and tear-gas, during a
          raid by some 700 members of the police and Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) on
          31 January 1996. The police maintained that the raid was conducted to recover
          illegal arms, while opposition groups had claimed that the hall was raided
          because many of the residents were supporters of the then-opposition Awami
          League. The law enforcement personnel allegedly beat students, hostel wardens
          and visitors in 42 residential rooms and public areas of the hall.
          Diponkor Sangma, Anup Biswas, Shanto Nokrek, Sebastine Rema, Kartic Chandra
          Sana were allegedly beaten with batons and rifle butts, causing serious injury
          to the latter four. Photon Chandra Sutradhar was allegedly beaten and
          threatened with death at gunpoint after a cloth was wrapped around his mouth
          and a blanket was wrapped around his body, causing him to faint. Arun Bala
          and Bimal Krishna Biswas were allegedly pushed by police out of a window as a
          result of which Arun Bala suffered a broken spine and Bimal Biswas' legs were
          broken. Biltoo Kumar Bir, Pokash Boidhya, Milon Golder, Somoresh Madnol,
          Bidhan Chandra Das, Sundhir Roy were allegedly beaten severely. Bidhan
          Chandra Das was reportedly shot in the legs.
          18. By the same letter the Special Rapporteur informed the Government that
          he had received the following allegations of torture, including rape, and
          ill-treatment occurring in the Chittagong Hill Tracts: Kajoli Chakma and
          Sunita Chakma (aged 16) , were allegedly raped at gunpoint in Lallyaghona
          village on 5 September 1994 by a commander and two soldiers of the Ugalchari
          Army Camp of the 46 East Bengal Regiment (EBR) of the Bangladesh Army.
          Jitendra Chakma was allegedly raped by personnel of the 40 EBR from the
          Naniachar Military Zone during a raid on Djuapara village, Rangamati district,
          on 28 August 1994. Nepali Chakma was allegedly raped on 10 October 1994 by
          several members of the BDR of the Rubber Plantation Area in Baghaichari,
        
          
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          Rangamati district. Puspa Chakmaalias Hat Bhanga, of Suknachari village in
          Rangamati district, was reportedly arrested and beaten severely at the Tanhgum
          bazaar on 6 December 1994 by an officer of the 17 EBR, commander of the army
          camp at Tanhgum. Puma Bijoy Chakma, of Kojoichari village, was reportedly
          arrested and severely beaten on 12 December 1994 by members of the security
          forces from Marishya zone. Bhuban Joy Chakma, Parancha Chakma, Sneha Kumar
          Chakma (aged 65) and Manu Ranjan Chakma were among a number of persons from
          Suknachari village, Rangamati district, who were reportedly arrested and
          subjected to severe beatings by members of the BDR, following a raid on the
          village on 11 August 1995. Bideshi Chakma, a 10-year-old boy from
          Gangatyatali village, Rangamati district, detained by the commander of Khiram
          army camp of the 17 EBR in the Ghagra military zone on 18 November 1995, was
          allegedly beaten and had water forced through his nose, so that he would
          reveal the location of the camp of an opposition group. A number of persons
          were allegedly subjected to ill-treatment on 15 March 1995 after security
          force personnel broke up an unauthorized meeting of the Hill Student Council.
          Mucchang Prue Mama (female) was allegedly beaten severely by a team of
          12 police officials in Bandarban town, including the subinspector of
          Bandarban police station, as a result of which she had to be hospitalized.
          Reverend Waizo Mama and Reverend Naendra, Buddhist monks, were also allegedly
          beaten severely.
          Urgent appeals
          19. On 28 February 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on
          behalf of the following opposition activists arrested upon the commencement of
          a strike called by opposition leaders: Begum Motia Chowdhury, Mohammed Nasim
          and Tofael Ahmed (leaders of the Awami League) ; Moudud Ahmed (a leader of the
          Jatiya Party); and Abdul Kader Mollah (a leader of Jamaat-e-Islami) . On
          5 March 1996 the Government replied that the opposition leaders had been
          detained as a preventive measure under the Special Powers Act (SPA) for their
          involvement in prejudicial activities endangering public safety. They would
          be allowed to receive visits from relatives and lawyers. They were not
          subjected to ill-treatment and their right to physical and mental integrity
          was protected. On 15 March 1996, the Government informed the Special
          Rapporteur that the detainees had been released.
          Bolivia
          20. In 1996, the Special Rapporteur sent two urgent appeals to the
          Government. The first, transmitted on 4 January 1996, referred to a group of
          approximately 45 peasants, including 3 children, who were arrested on
          27 December 1995 by the Special Security Guard in the locality of Nicayani,
          near Leghepalca, when they were participating in a march with a view to
          interviewing the authorities about the programme to eradicate coca crops. A
          few days earlier, another group of participants taking part in the march had
          been arrested and transferred to Chimore, where they were allegedly beaten.
          The second urgent appeal was transmitted on 18 April 1996 on behalf of a group
          of approximately 78 persons arrested by the police on 2 April 1996 in La Paz
          on the occasion of a demonstration organized by several trade unions.
        
          
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          Bulgaria
          21. On 9 August 1996, the Special Rapporteur transmitted a number of
          individual cases of alleged torture or ill-treatment. On 23 September 1996,
          the Government replied to many of these cases. The allegations, followed by
          the Government's reply, are summarized below.
          22. Yanko Khristov Yanev and two companions were reportedly beaten
          on 2 September 1994 by seven police officers at a restaurant in Assenovgrad.
          Yanko Yanev underwent an operation to remove his spleen. A medical
          certificate described serious multiple traumas all over his body and signs of
          massive internal bleeding. The Government replied that Yanko Yanev and his
          companions had resisted arrest and officers of the Assenovgrad Regional Police
          Station (RPS) had to use physical force. An investigation revealed that
          Yankov Yanev had suffered broken ribs during a previous car accident and
          doctors who had examined him following that accident stated that his spleen
          might have been damaged in the accident. An inquiry by the Assenovgrad RPS
          established that its officers had acted within their powers.
          23. Valentin Petkov Simeonov, an inmate at Burgas prison, was allegedly
          beaten by two guards on 18 December 1994, as a result of which he lost
          consciousness and spent two weeks in the prison infirmary with an injury to a
          testicle. On 14 March 1995, a prosecutor dismissed his complaint because too
          much time had elapsed to conduct a proper forensic medical examination,
          despite the fact that a medical certificate attesting to his injuries had been
          issued by a doctor who examined him on 6 January 1995. He continued to be
          harassed by the guards about whom he complained.
          24. Iliya Dimitrov Gherghinova, a Rom, was allegedly beaten severely in the
          Sliven region of Gradets and at the Gradets police station on 9 February 1995.
          He was found dead the next day, still handcuffed. Relatives who witnessed the
          body observed a large wound above his temple, multiple bruises on his body,
          cigarette burns on his hands and a broken leg. Investigators reportedly told
          his family that no case would be filed “in the next five years” and the
          officer alleged to be responsible was said to have offered the victim's wife
          money to drop the complaint and to have threatened to kill a witness to the
          beating. The Government replied that an inquest held in the Kotel Regional
          Investigation Office had established that Iliya Gherghinova had died in the
          street and there was no evidence of death by violence. The Sliven District
          Prosecutor's Office had ruled to suspend the proceedings for lack of evidence
          that a criminal offence had been committed.
          25. Vasil Vasilev, Miroslav Ivanov and Stoyko Osmanliev were reportedly
          beaten and kicked on the street and at the Second Police Precinct in Stara
          Zagora by a number of officers on 10 March 1995. Vasil Vasilev's body
          suffered internal injuries including a perforated duodenum, a ruptured
          appendix and other severe injuries. The Government replied that the District
          Prosecutor's Office in Stara Zagora had initiated an inquiry which was
          subsequently closed. On the basis of a complaint by Vasil Vasilev's parents,
          the District Investigation Office in Stara Zagora had undertaken an
          investigation against an unknown perpetrator and the proceedings had been
          transferred to the Military Prosecutor in Plovdiv.
        
          
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          26. Desislav Pavlov was reportedly beaten severely at the Second Police
          Precinct in Sofia on 16 March 1995. A medical forensic certificate indicated
          massive bruising to the buttocks, with lesions and abrasions. A complaint was
          filed with the Sofia County Prosecutor. The Government replied that
          Dessislav Pavlov had been arrested on suspicion of robbery and that no
          physical force had been used on him. An inquest was to be held by an
          examining magistrate.
          27. Girgina Dimova Toteva, aged 67, was allegedly beaten by an officer
          on 5 April 1995 at the police station in Sevlievo and subsequently
          hospitalized with a concussion. She required extensive medical treatment.
          After she filed a complaint about the beating, two officers filed their own
          complaint against her, alleging that she had assaulted them. She was indicted
          and brought to trial in September 1995 for causing slight bodily injury to a
          police officer. The Government replied that Girgina Toteva had violently
          kicked an officer in the leg. She was sentenced by the Sevlievo Regional
          Court for bodily injury inflicted on a person acting in his official capacity
          and had appealed the sentence.
          28. Assen Ivanov, a Rom being held on suspicion of rape at the police
          stations in Petrich and Sandanski, was allegedly beaten severely by police on
          11 April 1995. He died in hospital the next day. Personnel at the Forensic
          Medicine Department in Sofia established that his death had been caused by a
          fracture to the left temple and an injury to the brain. The Government
          replied that there was no evidence that the police officers had beaten or
          struck Assen Ivanov while he was in custody. The investigation into the case
          had not yet been concluded due to “delayed expertise”.
          29. Dimitar Stankov Stankov, a 12-year-old Rom, was reportedly arrested
          on S May 1995 while attending classes in the first primary school in Sliven,
          on suspicion of having stolen some items at the school. At the police station
          he was allegedly slapped, kicked and beaten with a rubber truncheon, as a
          result of which he signed a confession. The Government replied that an
          inquiry had failed to establish any evidence of physical or psychological
          coercion applied to Dimitar Stankov. The case registered with the District
          Military Prosecutor's Office in Sliven had accordingly been closed.
          30. Iliya Assenov Lambov, a Rom, was allegedly beaten severely by several
          police officers on 29 May 1995 at his home and at the mayor's office in
          Brestovista, Plovdiv region. An officer also allegedly slapped his
          nine-year-old daughter several times. A forensic medical certificate revealed
          a large bruise to his right eye, multiple bruises on his back, and lesions on
          his chest, right elbow, right thigh and left knee. The Government replied
          that Iliya Lambov had threatened an officer who had come to his home. When
          back-up officers arrived, he refused to go with them and tried to strike one
          of the officers. Another officer was hit by a woman in the house with a
          bottle. Iliya Lambov then incited a crowd near the house to throw stones at
          the officers. Proceedings were under way against Iliya Lambov for his role in
          injuries inflicted on the officers.
          31. Rahmat Rezazadeh Malek, an Iranian national who had been granted
          political asylum in Germany, was reportedly prevented from entering Bulgaria
          on 15 August 1995 by two border police officers at Sofia airport, despite
        
          
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          possessing a travel document. When he complained to a senior officer, the
          officer allegedly subjected him to a beating and refused him medical treatment
          for the resulting injuries. He was returned on a flight to Frankfurt,
          Germany, the next day, where the doctor treating him issued a medical
          certificate describing multiple bruises and cuts.
          32. Iliyan Veselinov Nikolov reportedly died of acute peritonitis
          on 24 August 1995 in Stara Zagora prison, where he had been held in pre-trial
          detention. His mother had been receiving notes from him stating that he had
          been subjected to severe beatings in the lock-up. The Government replied that
          Iliyan Nikolov had actually been beaten by his cell-mate. Jth investigation
          had concluded that the cell-mate should be charged with murder and the case
          was forwarded to the District Prosecutor's Office.
          33. Ivan Vasilev Ivanov, a Rom, was reportedly involved in a fight
          on 4 October 1995 with a number of “racketeers” who had cut off the
          electricity supply at his petrol station in Slivo Pole, Ruse region. Later,
          10 officers, including one of the “racketeers”, allegedly handcuffed him and
          kicked him all over the body and threatened at gunpoint to kill him. A
          forensic medical report described multiple swelling and bruising.
          34. Gancho Stefanov, a Rom, was allegedly hit on the head with a hard object
          by two plain-clothes police officers at his home in Elenino, Stara Zagora
          region, on 20 October 1995 and was hospitalized with grave injuries suffered
          as a result. Two officers of the Unit to Combat Organized Crime were being
          investigated, but had not been suspended from duty. The Government replied
          that the Secretary-General of the Ministry of the Interior had set up a
          commission to conduct disciplinary proceedings into the incident and the two
          officers had been penalized with “reprobation”. Legal proceedings instituted
          in the Military Prosecutor's Office in Stara Zagora had been closed.
          35. Stoyan Apostolov and Jthgel Dichev were allegedly beaten and kicked
          on 5 December 1995 by masked officers of the Specialized Unit to Combat
          Terrorism (Red Berets) at their shop in Tsar Simeon Street in Sofia, during
          raids by the officers. Angel Dichev reportedly sustained swelling and
          haematomas on the right cheekbone and right lower jaw, bruising to the lower
          lip, and swelling and bruising to the left arm. Stoyan Apostolov also
          suffered swelling and a haematoma on the lower lip.
          36. Dimitur Velev, a Rom from Krupnik, Simitli municipality, detained at
          Simitli police station on 16 December 1995, was allegedly punched, beaten with
          truncheons and kicked all over the body by officers. A forensic medical
          certificate revealed traumas, a broken right arm and traces of truncheon marks
          on the back. The Government replied that Dimitur Velev had run away from
          police officers and had threatened them with a hatchet, prompting them to
          resort to physical force in self-defence, as a result of which they broke his
          right arm. Preliminary proceedings instituted by the Blagoevgrad District
          Prosecutor's Office would establish if the physical force applied by the
          police officers was in proportion to Dimitur Velev's resistance and whether
          they should be subjected to punitive measures for battery.
          37. Velislav Dobrev was allegedly beaten by two police officers
          on 1 February 1996 while travelling in a car, after he had intervened when the
        
          
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          officers tried to extort a bribe from the car's driver. He was subsequently
          refused medical treatment. While later being treated at hospital, the doctor
          reportedly remarked that the blows that he had received to his head could have
          been fatal. The Government replied that the District Military Prosecutor's
          Office in Pleven had opened an inquest and instructed the Regional Directorate
          to carry out a preliminary investigation. The Regional Directorate would take
          the due disciplinary measures with regard to its officers in the event they
          were proven guilty.
          38. Ahmed Mustafov, from Bratovo, Trgovishte region, was allegedly beaten
          with fists and truncheons and threatened with a gun to his head on
          8 February 1996 after refusing to sign a confession in the RPS lock-up. He
          had been arrested for having used the village school phone for long-distance
          calls without permission. A medical certificate described injuries suffered
          from the beating. The Government replied that no physical force had been used
          on Ahmed Mustafov and that he had not been threatened with a weapon. A
          medical certificate had been issued to the effect that he was beaten at the
          police station, but as the mayor and villagers reported that Ahmed Mustafov
          drank and had previously been involved in brawls, and because he had not
          sought medical care for three days after his detention, it was suspected that
          his injuries might not have been received at the police station. The results
          of the preliminary investigation had been sent to the Military Prosecutor's
          Office in Varna.
          39. By the same letter, the Special Rapporteur further informed the
          Government of reports he had received indicating that many persons
          incidentally present at the scene of police actions had themselves become
          victims of ill-treatment, particularly during operations by the Red Berets.
          In once such incident, tens of persons were allegedly beaten and otherwise
          ill-treated during a raid by some 40 Red Berets in the “La Scala” bar in Sofia
          on 2 March 1995. At least three persons received emergency hospital treatment
          for injuries sustained as a result of the ill-treatment. In another incident,
          about 20 Red Berets allegedly beat with truncheons all of the occupants of a
          café in the Druzhba quarter of Sofia on 23 November 1995. Six persons were
          hospitalized, including Konstantin Kalduromov, who suffered a cracked skull
          and fractures of his arms and legs. Miko Tsanev was also operated on twice
          for massive abdominal bleeding and further operated on for injuries to his
          arms. The same officers involved in the incident in Druzhba reportedly fired
          rubber bullets two hours later at the cars of Dimitur Dimitrov and six other
          men who were leaving their offices near the Rakovski football stadium. After
          the men got out of their cars, they were allegedly assaulted by the officers,
          taken to Mount Vitosha and subjected to further ill-treatment. At least one
          person was hospitalized. Finally, around 120 officers of the Special Unit for
          Combating Mass Disorder allegedly beat many of the 150 protesters blocking a
          road outside of Sapareva Banya on 9 February 1995. The protesting contingent
          was composed of elderly local inhabitants, ecology groups and parliamentary
          deputies. Fifteen persons were reportedly injured, including two who suffered
          broken limbs.
        
          
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          Information received from the Government with respect to cases included in
          previous reports
          40. The Government, in its reply of 23 September 1996, addressed two
          previously transmitted cases. On 26 August 1993 the Special Rapporteur had
          advised the Government of information he had received on police operations at
          Pazardjik in June 1992, in the course of which police officers allegedly beat
          a number of Rom persons indiscriminately. The Government had provided a reply
          to this case (see E/CN.4/1995/34, para. 77) . The source of the information
          subsequently indicated that Kiril Yordanov had filed a complaint alleging that
          he had been beaten by police officers who had entered his home. In the
          23 September reply, the Government stated that the material from the complaint
          had been sent to the District Military Prosecutor's Office in Plovdiv, as the
          case was in its competence. The investigation was under way.
          41. In a letter dated 11 April 1995 the Special Rapporteur informed the
          Government of information he had received concerning a nine-hour raid carried
          out in Pazardjik on 4 August 1994 by several hundred police officers from
          various regional police departments and special units of the Ministry of
          Internal Affairs to search for suspected criminals. In the course of the
          action, Lyubcho Sofiev Terziev had been arrested and had died in the police
          station of Kazanluk. Witnesses at his funeral observed traces of beatings all
          over his body, including injuries on his penis, suspected to have been caused
          by electric shocks. The Government replied that an inquest was held by the
          examining magistrate of Stara Zagora and a triple forensic examination
          concluded that the death of Lyubcho Terziev had been caused by many injuries
          to the head, body, legs and arms, resulting in traumatic shock. The traumatic
          injuries were said to have been caused by a hard object. No charges had been
          made so far, but the investigation was still under way.
          Burundi
          42. On 1 March 1996, the Special Rapporteur on torture and the
          Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Burundi sent a joint
          urgent appeal to the Government on behalf of 15 persons who were allegedly
          arrested on 18 February 1996, following an exchange of gunfire between
          government forces and an armed group, which had occurred near Gasenyi.
          According to reports, the persons had been detained at the headquarters of the
          Special Investigations Brigade.
          Cambodia
          43. On 24 September 1996, the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the
          Government the following cases of persons alleged to have been severely
          beaten: Chet Sim and Kang Man, arrested on 2 January 1996 by the police of
          Phnom Sroch, which accused them of murder; Um Sam-oeun, Seng Sopharith,
          Nguon Han and Cheav Koab, arrested by 30 to 40 soldiers in Phonm Penh on
          13 July 1995; Leng Theuan, arrested on 20 March 1995 at the market of
          Thnal Toteung (province of Kompong Cham) by members of the Tbaung Khmum
          military police. Leng Theuan, suspected of being a moped thief, was said to
          have been taken to the headquarters of the military police, where he was
          allegedly beaten and tortured with electric shocks; a complaint was said to
          have been lodged for ill-treatment, but without response.
        
          
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          Cameroon
          44. In 1996, the Special Rapporteur sent three urgent appeals to the
          Government. The first, transmitted on 27 March, concerned Emmanuel Chia
          Musoh, arrested in Bamenda in January 1996. He was said to have been kept in
          solitary confinement for a month at the Terre Bamenda Brigade, before being
          transferred to the central prison. The second appeal, transmitted on
          10 April, concerned Lawrence Chimasa, member of the Democratic Social Front,
          said to have been arrested in Bamenda on 12 March following demonstrations
          organized by the Front and allegedly held in solitary confinement. Another
          member of the Front, Charles Nkwanyuo, was said to have been arrested on
          1 April in Limbe and had also allegedly been held in solitary confinement.
          The third urgent appeal was sent on 19 June on behalf of Christophe Ebanga
          Omgene, Maurice Tabo and Célestin Kamge Kaptue, who belonged to a group of
          students arrested by the police during protest demonstrations held at the
          University of Yaoundé.
          Canada
          45. On 10 May 1996 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on behalf of
          Saadi Bouslimani, an Algerian national residing in Canada, whose application
          for asylum in Canada had reportedly been denied and whose deportation seemed
          to be imminent. Saadi Bouslimani was reportedly a member of the Algerian
          opposition party Front des forces socialiste (FFS) and the Mouvement
          culturelle berbêre (MCB) , a militant cultural organization. He had reportedly
          been arrested by Algerian police in 1992 and tortured under interrogation, as
          a result of which he was reported to suffer from post-traumatic stress
          disorder. In view of all the circumstances the Special Rapporteur appealed to
          the Government not to deport Saadi Bouslimani or, if he were to be deported,
          to seek, and take measures to ensure compliance with, assurances from the
          Government of Algeria that he would not be subjected to torture or any other
          ill-treatment.
          46. On 20 June 1996 the Government informed the Special Rapporteur that the
          case of Saadi Bouslimani had been analysed very carefully by the authorities,
          who had concluded that he could not be considered as a refugee in accordance
          with Canadian law and that, should he return to Algeria, there was no
          objective risk that he would be subjected to torture. The Government also
          indicated that Saadi Bouslimani had not exhausted all domestic remedies
          available to him and that some of these remedies were still available. In
          a subsequent letter dated 16 July 1996 the Government informed the
          Special Rapporteur that the deportation would take place towards the end of
          July and that it would not be appropriate to seek assurances from the Algerian
          Government that Mr. Bouslimani would not be subjected to torture or
          ill-treatment, because to do so would amount to questioning the willingness of
          the Algerian Government to comply with the obligations it had assumed when it
          ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the
          Convention against Torture. On 24 July 1996 the Special Rapporteur replied
          that in the case of an individual who is to be sent to a country where he
          fears torture and where the latter reportedly occurs, it is perfectly
          appropriate and not uncommon to seek relevant assurances from the Government
          in question. The intent in seeking such assurances was not to call into
          question the commitment of the receiving Government to fulfil its treaty
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          obligations, but rather to make that Government aware of the concerns that
          have been expressed with respect to the case and thereby to reduce the
          potential risk to the deported person. Futhermore, the standard of proof
          demanded by the Government of Canada was that of a direct personal risk of
          torture to Mr. Bouslimani. If this standard were always to be applicable for
          obtaining assurances from a receiving Government, then there would never be a
          need to obtain assurances, since the level of risk would preclude the person
          concerned from being sent back in the first place.
          47. At a later date, the Special Rapporteur learned that Saadi Bouslimani
          had been deported to a third country.
          Chad
          48. On 11 July 1996, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the
          Government on behalf of Ngarlégy Yorongar le Moiban, leader of the Front
          d'action pour la République-Fédération, said to have been arrested in
          Bébedjia, Logone oriental, on 3 July 1996. Since then, he was alleged to have
          been detained at the Gendarmerie Investigations Brigade in N'Djaména. It was
          said that the arrest had not been communicated to the government procurator
          and that no formal charges had been brought against him.
          Chile
          49. On 13 November 1995, the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the
          Government several cases of torture which had occurred in the country
          (E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, para. 97), to which the Government gave the following
          replies.
          50. Misael Esteban Apablaza Basoalto, arrested in Talca by carabineros
          on 14 March 1994. The Government reported that in the proceedings for the
          alleged offence of unnecessary violence denounced by the plaintiff, it had
          been established that the mock executions and threats to his family reported
          by him had not been substantiated.
          51. Ruben Ignacio Bascur Yaeger. The Government reported that
          on 1 July 1995 the Futrono carabineros station received a call from a person
          stating that the lifeless body of a person was lying on the roof of his
          building. Carabineros personnel found that the body was that of the
          above-mentioned person and showed burn marks on one hand, which were said to
          have been caused by contact with an electric cable. This cable, combined with
          the rain which had fallen during the night, had allegedly produced an electric
          shock, which was assumed to be the cause of death. There was no evidence
          implying the responsibility of any police official.
          52. Oscar Reinaldo Betanzo Maturana, Renato Rodrigo Merino Aravena, Osvaldo
          Antonio Merino Aravena and Jaime Alejandro Manriquez Monasterio, arrested on
          19 May 1995 in Santiago by carabineros. The Government reported that owing to
          the lack of evidence regarding their participation in a robbery, they had been
          set free, and that an administrative investigation had shown that the police
          proceedings had remained fully within the law.
        
          
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          53. Jorge Bustamante Inostroza, arrested by carabineros on 13 February 1995
          in Santiago. The Government reported that this person had been arrested on
          15 February 1995 and a few hours later had been sent to the preventive
          detention centre, without any signs of injuries, and had been admitted in that
          condition by gendarmeria officials.
          54. Alex Calderôn Venegas, arrested on 13 August 1994 in Santiago by
          carabineros. The Government reported that, according to the diagnosis of
          San José hospital, the person had shown marks of slight injuries at the time
          of his arrest, and that on the same day he had been brought before the court
          and handed over to the Preventive Detention Centre with an exact description
          of his injuries.
          55. Hugo Francisco Carvajal Diaz, arrested by the police on 17 April 1995 in
          La Pintana, Estrecho de Magallanes, Santiago. According to the Government, an
          administrative investigation had been carried out into alleged unlawful
          proceedings and ill-treatment, reaching the conclusion that the responsibility
          of police officials was not involved. Nevertheless, a few minor faults had
          been found in police proceedings, which had been duly sanctioned.
          Mr. Carvajal had not been examined by police physicians. The 11th court of
          criminal investigation of San Miguel was examining the case for unlawful
          ill-treatment.
          56. Juan Alberto Contreras Acevedo, arrested on 30 April 1994 by carabineros
          of La Victoria station, Santiago. The Government reported that at the time of
          this person's release, he bore no visible injuries or bruising. The Chilean
          Carabineros moreover reject allegations regarding the application of electric
          shocks, a practice never employed by the carabineros.
          57. Tania Maria Cordeiro Vaz and her 13-year-old daughter Patricia Vaz Peres
          Amorim, arrested on 16 March 1993 in Rancagua by members of the Police
          Assaults Brigade. The Government reported that examination proceedings had
          been initiated, which had established the administrative responsibility of the
          chief of the unit concerned and eight officials for failing to carry out their
          duties with due interest and determination and for abuse of authority, those
          responsible having been subsequently removed from the brigade. In addition,
          the 14th Court of Criminal Proceedings of Santiago has started proceedings on
          the case. The Government also reported that Mrs. Cordeiro had been examined
          by a forensic physician at the First Assaults Station and had showed no
          physical or mental signs of recent injuries.
          58. Hugu IbIflez Navarrete, arrested by carabineros on 22 May 1995 on the
          Plaza Longavi. The Government reported that an internal inquiry had been
          opened, which had determined the administrative responsibility of the
          arresting official, as a result of which the case had been reported to the
          Military Prosecutor's Office of Talca for unnecessary violence.
          59. Victor Manuel Lira Moreira, arrested by carabineros on 5 November 1994
          in the Playa Grande district of Cartagena. The Government reported that the
          wounds shown by the person had been produced when he himself had broken out of
          the police van in which he was being transported and had thrown himself onto
          the road.
        
          
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          60. Juan Luis Navea Espinoza, arrested on 7 May 1995 by carabineros of
          El Castillo station. The Government reported that he had been arrested for
          carrying and keeping a firearm.
          61. Eduardo Andrés Pineda Mulato, arrested by carabineros
          on 15 November 1994 in Santiago. The Government reported that this person
          had shown only slight injuries on the wrists, which had resulted from his
          own struggling while handcuffed as a security measure.
          62. Fernando Jthelino Rojas Serrano, arrested by carabineros of the Fourth
          Santiago Station on 3 June 1995. The Government reported that, while he had
          been detained, the person had aggressed the duty officers, who had had to
          restrain him in order to calm him down, and he had even hit himself against
          the walls.
          63. Hernmn Alfonso San Martin Jeria and Leonardo Alarcôn, arrested by
          carabineros on 4 March 1995 in the commune of Renca. The Government reported
          that after due administrative investigation no liability was found on the part
          of police officials on duty.
          64. Pedro Gastôn Sanchez Salazar, arrested by the carabineros
          on 3 April 1994 in the village of Huamachuco, commune of Renca. The
          Government reported that this person had been released a few hours after
          having been detained and that, on leaving the station, he had not borne any
          visible injuries or bruises. On the following day, he had reported to the
          emergency station and lodged a complaint for injuries against police staff
          with the official on duty. The case was currently before the second Military
          Court of Santiago.
          65. Pablo Seguel Ramirez, severely beaten by carabineros on 6 January 1995
          near the Playa El Quisco. According to the Government, this person had not
          been beaten by carabineros, but by several individuals with whom he had been
          drinking, which was the reason why he had requested the assistance of the
          carabineros from his home. He had later lodged a complaint with the
          carabineros station of San Antonio, leading to an administrative inquiry,
          which in conclusion had decided to impose disciplinary sanctions on the
          officials who had gone to his home for not having followed the correct
          procedures.
          66. Cecilia Maria Silva Godoy, beaten at the carabineros station Las Quilas
          de Temuco on 6 November 1994. The Government reported that this person
          suffered from severe mental disturbances and that the injuries which had
          occurred at the said station were the result of her own action, when she grew
          angry because the duty staff took time attending her. Nevertheless, her
          mother had reported the incident, whereupon the facts had been brought to the
          notice of the second Military Court of Santiago on a complaint of unnecessary
          violence. Subsequently, a complaint for injuries had been lodged with the
          second Criminal Investigation Court of Temuco. The internal administrative
          inquiry had concluded that carabineros staff were not responsible.
          67. Victor Hugo Solis Chico was arrested by the police in Valdivia
          on 18 April 1993. In 1995, the Government reported that the case had been
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
          page 18
          dismissed as ill-founded. In 1996, however, it further reported that a
          detective had been committed for trial and that the case had been brought
          before the Valdivia Court of Appeal for stay of proceedings.
          68. José Uribe Diaz, arrested by the Puerto Montt police on 21 August 1993.
          The Government reported that an inquiry had been held, which had not confirmed
          the accusation, but had established minor administrative faults in police
          proceedings, which had been duly sanctioned. The person had not been examined
          by the medical service.
          69. Miguel Angel Vallejos Palma, arrested by carabineros on 25 February 1995
          in PanimIvida, Colbün, seventh district. The Government reported that in the
          course of an administrative inquiry, a sergeant had been found responsible;
          the latter had been discharged from the carabineros and had been handed over
          to the Military Prosecutor's Office of Talca, where he had been detained.
          China
          70. On S July 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted the individual cases
          summarized in the paragraphs below.
          71. Zheng Musheng, of Dongkou county, Hunan province, arrested in
          January 1994 under accusation of “swindling people and seriously disturbing
          public order by spreading rumours and fallacies”, was reportedly targeted for
          his involvement in officially unapproved religious activities. At Shanmen
          police station, he was allegedly tortured in order to force a confession and
          died the following day. His widow filed a suit against police officials
          complaining about his death in custody, but was being kept under surveillance
          and interrogated repeatedly by police officers.
          72. Li Dexian, a travelling evangelist, was reportedly arrested by Public
          Security Bureau (PSB) officers in Beixing township, Guangdong Province, on
          four occasions between December 1994 and 18 March 1994 and beaten on three of
          those occasions. During his arrest on 18 February 1995, five or six officers
          allegedly beat him with steel rods as a result of which he suffered broken
          ribs and an injury to his back. The officers also allegedly jumped upon his
          body and kicked him.
          73. Gao Shuyun and Huang Guanghua were among 30 to 40 followers of the
          underground Catholic church in Congren and lihuan counties and Linchuan city,
          Jianxi province, reportedly arrested in April 1995 by PSB officers from Fuzhou
          during an Easter Mass held on lujiashan (lujia mountain) . They were allegedly
          beaten severely and, as a result, were unable to feed themselves without
          assistance following their release.
          74. Wang Jingbo was reportedly detained unlawfully by the Chaoyabg district
          PSB in Beijing on 26 November 1995 and allegedly beaten severely in custody,
          whereafter he died on 3 December 1995. His family was provided with a death
          certificate which indicated the cause of his death to be cerebral bleeding.
          The family requested an autopsy, the results of which revealed 12 broken ribs
          and a brain haemorrhage.
        
          
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          75. Wandu and his 13-year-old son were reportedly detained by the Nepalese
          authorities around 24 October 1994, after they had attempted to cross the
          border at Zhangmu. They were subsequently turned over to the Chinese
          authorities, who allegedly beat them repeatedly with sticks on the legs.
          76. Dudul Dorje, a nomad from Jyekundo (lushu) in Qinghai province, and 12
          other persons were reportedly beaten with electric batons during interrogation
          by police, following their detention in Dram, near the border with Nepal, in
          November 1994. They were subsequently transferred to Lhasa and held for four
          months, under accusation of separatism. Dudul Dorje was questioned up to
          three times per day, during which time he was allegedly beaten and given
          electric shocks.
          77. Norbu, Dondrup and Jamyang Phuntsog, arrested by PSE officers in Lhasa
          in January 1995, were allegedly interrogated under torture over nine days at
          the branch police station in Kyires, including by application of electric
          shocks through wires to their thumbs and beatings with electric batons while
          tied to a pillar.
          78. Kunchog Tenzin was reportedly arrested in February 1995 and allegedly
          beaten severely at Nagchu prison, as a result of which his hands became
          disfigured and his back was injured permanently. He was said to be
          subsequently unable to stand erect.
          79. Chungla (female), a resident of Nepal, was reportedly detained
          on 5 April 1995 by PSE officers in Dram, after she had crossed into Tibet to
          conduct business affairs. In police custody at Shigatse she was allegedly
          tortured under interrogation by means of beatings with electric batons, which
          caused her to lose consciousness several times. She was later taken to Nyari
          prison and detained without trial for almost four months.
          80. Sherap Wangmo (female) was reportedly beaten severely by three named
          officials in April 1995 in Drapchi prison, where she was serving a three-year
          sentence.
          81. Sherab Dragpa, a monk from Kham, was reportedly detained with a number
          of other persons in April 1995, following their deportation from Nepal. They
          were held at the police station in Dram for seven days and at a military camp
          for another eight days, during which time they were allegedly deprived of
          food. They were subsequently transferred to Shigatse for eight days, where
          they were allegedly kicked and beaten with sticks and electric batons during
          interrogation.
          82. Tsondrup, a nun from Tingri, was reportedly arrested in May 1995 while
          trying to cross into Nepal at Zhangmu. During ten days of interrogation at a
          prison in Zhangmu she was allegedly beaten repeatedly on the legs with iron
          rods.
          83. The Special Rapporteur also reminded the Government of 35 cases
          transmitted in 1994 and 1995 regarding which no reply had been received.
        
          
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          Urgent appeals sent and replies received
          84. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal to the Government
          on 7 August 1996 on behalf of Liu Nianchun, a detained labour activist, who
          had reportedly been transferred to Tuanhe Labour camp on 10 July 1996, where
          he was allegedly subjected to beatings by an inmate identified as the “head”
          of a prisoner group. He was allegedly being denied necessary medical
          treatment for his condition. On 4 October 1996 the Government replied that no
          incident of beatings by inmates had occurred. When he arrived at Shuanghe
          Camp, Liu Nianchun claimed to be ill and so was not assigned a job, but rather
          was taken to hospital for examination and treatment. Allegations about his
          being beaten and denied medical treatment were false rumours spread by someone
          with ulterior motives. The legal rights of prisoners, including those
          protecting their personal security and dignity, were fully guaranteed by law
          and ensured in practice. The authorities had set up a strict supervision
          mechanism, which ensured that violations by law enforcement officials did not
          go unpunished.
          85. The Special Rapporteur transmitted another urgent appeal
          on 16 October 1996 on behalf of Wang Hui, the wife of imprisoned labour rights
          activist Zhou Guoqiang, who was reportedly arrested on 20 September 1996 and
          was being held incommunicado. She was said to have been detained on a number
          of occasions since May 1995, including for 27 days between May and June 1996,
          during which she was allegedly twice subjected to beatings, once by a prison
          doctor and again by a prison guard Section Head. She reportedly sustained
          injuries and scars from the beatings, including to her shoulder. In August,
          she was apparently quoted by foreign reporters as intending to sue the Beijing
          police for illegal detention and ill-treatment.
          Colombia
          86. By letter dated 16 September 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted to
          the Government the cases mentioned in the paragraphs below, to which the
          Government referred in its letter dated 28 November 1996.
          87. Paolo Rafe, inmate of the prison of La Picota (Santafé de BogotI), was
          said to have been violently beaten on 8 August 1994 by members of the
          Jthti-extortion and Anti-kidnapping Unit (UNASE) of the National Police when
          they entered the maximum security wing for the purpose of transferring the
          prisoner.
          88. On 13 August 1994, military personnel of the second Mobile Brigade
          raided the settlement of Pitalito (Curumani, César), where for several days
          they had ill-treated local peasants, including the following:
          (a) Hermes Eli Quintero was allegedly beaten, seized with a towel by
          the neck and taken to a well where he was reportedly submerged, while they
          placed one foot on his neck and another on his stomach;
          (b) Danilo Lozano was said to have been taken to a small stream, where
          with a towel they had stopped his mouth and nose, while they poured water from
          a flask until he had almost drowned;
        
          
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          (c) Huber Arévalo had been seized by the neck with a towel and dragged
          to a stream, where they had reportedly dipped his head in the water until he
          had almost drowned.
          89. According to the Government, the three cases had been provisionally
          filed by the Military Court.
          90. Marco Albeiro Valencia Duque was said to have been arrested
          on 21 September 1995 with three other miners in Remedios, Antioquia, by police
          units and army personnel. He was reportedly taken to the police station,
          where they beat him and placed a bag over his head. They also allegedly
          introduced a grenade in his mouth and pointed a rifle at his head.
          91. Argeidis CIceres Arciniegas, a 14-year-old peasant, was said to have
          been stopped by a patrol of the second Mobile Brigade on 19 November 1994 in
          the settlement of Caflo Pueretano (Sabana de Torres, Santander) . When he said
          that he did not know the whereabouts of the guerrilla chief, he was reportedly
          shoved, kicked, thrown into a pond and struck with a rifle. He was also said
          to have been threatened with being tortured with water and a towel, and they
          allegedly kicked him in the head and placed an electric wire on his arms.
          92. Alberto Castillo Lôpez, a peasant living in the village of Dante Bajo
          (Simacota, Santander) , was said to have been arrested on 26 November 1994 by a
          military patrol of the battalions Los Guanes and Luciano D'Elhuyar and two
          paramilitaries. Accused of being a guerrilla fighter, he was allegedly
          questioned, thrown to the ground and stepped on. They also reportedly kicked
          him and covered his face with wet towels, throwing water into his mouth, ears
          and nose. He was allegedly asphyxiated until he fainted and then obliged to
          sign a statement of fair treatment.
          93. Edy Enrique Goes Luna, a young peasant still under age, was said to have
          been tortured in February 1995 by military personnel of the second Mobile
          Brigade in the village of Popal, in the hills of San Lucas, Simiti, Bolivar.
          He was allegedly seized by the hair; his head was struck several times against
          the wall and he was thrown to the ground while they questioned him. They also
          reportedly burnt him on the back with the hot muzzle of a rifle and then trod
          on his burn.
          94. Nubia Rodriguez, a peasant three months pregnant living in the village
          of La Cristalina, Puerto Wilches, Santander, was said to have been tortured on
          21 February 1995 by members of the No. S Counter-guerrilla Battalion, who
          reportedly tied her hands behind her back and stood on her stomach. One
          soldier allegedly took off his belt and beat her on the back, while they were
          questioning her regarding the whereabouts of the guerrillas.
          95. Clarisa Cardozo, a peasant, was said to have been arrested
          on 26 August 1994 by members of the Luciano D'Elhuyar battalion, accompanied
          by members of the paramilitary group “Los Masetos”, who burst into her house
          (in Betulia, north Santander) , saying that she had to hand over the guerrilla
          fighters. She was reportedly obliged to place her head in a container of
          salty water.
        
          
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          96. Luis Enrique Prada Gômez was said to have been arrested on 8 March 1995
          by soldiers of the Nueva Granada and Ricaurte battalions, at the departmental
          inspectorate of Puente Sogamoso, Puerto Wilches, Santander. His head was
          reportedly placed in a bucket full of salty water. The Government reported
          that the military court had decided to close the case.
          97. Jairo Garavito Tirado, an under-age peasant, was said to have been
          arrested on 11 May 1995 in Betulia, Santander, by members of a paramilitary
          group, accused of cooperating with the guerrillas. He was allegedly beaten
          38 times with a stick, and then laid down face upwards with his hands tied,
          while his nose was covered with a towel and dowsed with salty water. They
          were also alleged to have beaten his mother, Ana Rosa Tirado.
          98. With respect to all the aforegoing cases, the Government reported that
          the Office of the Parliamentary Commissioner had not received any complaints.
          99. Dora Inés Smnchez, a peasant, was said to have been tortured
          on 7 January 1995 by four soldiers of the No. S Counter-guerrilla Battalion
          Los Guanes, who broke into her house situated in the village of Caflo Pueretano
          (Sabana de Torres, Santander) . A soldier was alleged to have taken a towel
          and a mat from the house, on which Mrs. Smnchez was obliged to lie down. The
          towel was reportedly placed over her face, while two soldiers kept it pressed
          over the mouth and nose. They were also alleged to have brought a bucket of
          water and to have thrown water at her mouth and nose.
          100. Libardo Orejarena, a peasant, was said to have been stopped
          on 7 January 1995 at a place called Paturia, near Caflo Pueretano (Sabana de
          Torres, Santander) by soldiers of the No. S Counter-guerrilla Battalion. They
          allegedly tied his hands behind his back, before throwing him to the ground
          face upwards, exerting pressure on his nose and mouth with a towel. They also
          reportedly threw water at him while they questioned him about the whereabouts
          of the guerrilla forces. One soldier was said to have stood on his stomach,
          exerting pressure, and they allegedly throttled his neck with their hands
          until he almost choked.
          101. Leônidas Bastos Goyeneche was said to have been arrested
          on 4 February 1995 by soldiers of the No. S Counter-Guerilla Battalion in
          Sabana de Torres, Santander. It is alleged that they tied his hands and that
          several soldiers stood on his stomach. Also, while they questioned him about
          the guerillas, they reportedly stuffed a towel in his mouth, throwing salty
          water into his nose and dipping his head in a stream until he almost drowned.
          102. With regard to the three aforegoing cases, the Government reported that
          they had been transmitted to the Office of the Attorney-General of the Nation.
          103. Giacomo Turra, a 24-year-old student of Italian nationality, died at the
          hospital of Bocagrande, Cartagena, Bolivar, on 3 September 1995. According to
          a report by the High Commissioner for the Police, his death was allegedly the
          result of numerous blows inflicted by police officers, which caused a brain
          trauma.
          104. Martin Oyola Palomo, caretaker of the building of the Colombian Workers'
          Union (UTC) was arrested on 22 May 1996 in BogotI by three armed individuals
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
          page 23
          suspected of being connected with the Battalion of the Presidential Guard.
          The individuals allegedly forced him to climb into a van, inside which they
          blindfolded him, tied his hands, beat him repeatedly and carried out mock
          executions. They were also said to have pierced his nails with a sharp object
          until he lost consciousness. The Government reported that the case had been
          transmitted to the Ministry of Defence, which had decided to dismiss it.
          Information received from the Government regarding cases included in earlier
          reports
          105. On 27 February 1996, the Government sent replies on the following two
          cases which had been transmitted by the Special Rapporteur on 29 May 1995:
          Jairo Calderôn Rueda, a leader of the Workers' Union in Bucaramanga, brutally
          beaten by police on 2 January 1994; according to the Government, on
          14 September 1995 the Provincial Prosecutor's Office of Bucaramanga ordered
          the dismissal of a National Police officer implicated in the events.
          Alexander Pefluela Sanabria, arrested in Barranquilla on 18 September 1994 by
          members of the SIJIN (Military Intelligence) , and subjected to torture at the
          fourth police station of Bosque. The Government reported that the
          disciplinary inquiry had found three officers of the National Police
          responsible for those acts.
          Congo
          106. The Special Rapporteur sent two urgent appeals to the Government. The
          first, dated 14 February 1996, concerned René Serge B. Oba, Médard Ondzondgo,
          Lessita Otangui and Bernard Bouya, trade union leaders, alleged to have been
          arrested and tortured in January 1996 by members of the Direction de la
          sécurité du territoire (DST) in Brazzaville. The second urgent appeal, sent
          on 2 October 1996, concerned the businessman Pierre Otto Mbongo, reportedly
          arrested on 11 September in Brazzaville by members of the armed forces,
          without a warrant, and said to be without contact with his family, his doctor
          or his lawyers.
          Côte d'Ivoire
          107. In a letter dated 14 October 1996, the Special Rapporteur informed the
          Government that he had received reports concerning the following cases:
          Sylvie Anoma was allegedly raped on 25 June 1995 by a member of the security
          forces on the university campus of loupougon (Abidjan) ; a complaint was
          reportedly lodged but no inquiry had been opened. Guillaume Soro Kibafori,
          Secretary-General of the Fédération estudiantine et scolaire of Côte d'Ivoire
          and eight other members of the same organization were reportedly arrested
          around 27 September 1995 by members of the DST in Jthidjan. They were
          allegedly detained at the DST premises and at the police school in Abidjan,
          where they were said to have been beaten and deprived of food for several
          days.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
          page 24
          Cuba
          108. On 14 October 1996, the Special Rapporteur again transmitted to the
          Government a series of cases already sent in 1995 (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1,
          para. 161) , on which no reply had been received. He also transmitted
          information on the following events which had occurred in the country's
          prisons.
          109. René Felix Lôpez, inmate at the Kilo 8 prison of Camagüey, was said to
          have been beaten on 16, 19 and 25 December 1995, after insistently demanding
          medical assistance owing to a condition of chronic asthma. As a result of the
          beating on 16 December he had suffered a fracture of the left arm. In the
          same prison, Enrique Hernmndez Tosca was also said to have been beaten, on
          16 December 1995, suffering fractures in the cranium and in one arm. Brutal
          beatings were also reported to have been inflicted in the Kilo 8 prison in
          1996 on Jesus ChImber Ramirez; Mariano Luperôn, who reportedly suffered
          fractures in both arms and in the nose; Frank Sotolongo, who allegedly
          received a strong kick which had necessitated an urgent operation on his
          appendix; and Luis Portuondo VelIzquez, who was said to have suffered a
          fracture of the cranium.
          110. Ramôn Varel Smnchez, inmate of Prison 1580 in Havana, was said to have
          been beaten at the beginning of 1996 by two prison officials, as a result of
          which he reportedly had to be admitted to the prison hospital. At the same
          establishment, another inmate, Joaquin Antonio Martinez Lemes, was allegedly
          beaten because he refused to be transferred to another section where a
          prisoner was threatening his life. Despite his objections, he allegedly was
          transferred, and the aforementioned prisoner was said to have attacked him
          with a pair of secateurs, producing an internal haemorrhage and the loss of
          the left kidney.
          111. René Perez Castellanos, inmate of the Prison of Valle Grande, was said
          to have been beaten on 28 May 1996 by an official, who reportedly subjected
          him to strong kicking, after which he had allegedly banged his head on the
          wall until Perez Castellanos fell to the ground unconscious.
          Urgent appeals
          112. On 22 December 1995, the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal
          to the Government on behalf of José Miranda Acosta, inmate at the prison
          Kilo Cinco and Medio de Pinar del Rio, who was said to have been heavily
          beaten by a guard, and then transferred to the punishment section, which is
          reportedly characterized by intense cold in the cells.
          Information received from the Government with regard to cases contained in
          earlier reports
          113. On 10 October 1995, the Special Rapporteur, in conjunction with the
          Special Rapporteurs on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and on
          the situation of human rights in Cuba, transmitted an urgent appeal on behalf
          of Juvencio Padrôn Dueflas, Felix Molina Valdés and Carlos Cruz, who had
          reportedly received severe sentences after being beaten and forced by the
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
          page 25
          police to sign self-incriminating statements (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1,
          para. 163) . The Government replied that these persons had been sentenced for
          murder and that during the court proceedings, at which the offences had been
          duly proved, they had been entitled to every guarantee, including legal aid.
          C yp r us
          114. On 4 January 1996 the Special Rapporteur informed the Government of
          reports he had received concerning Erkan ELImez, a Turkish Cypriot from
          Akincilar (Louridjina), who had been detained by Greek Cypriot police under
          accusation of smuggling and spying in the buffer zone under the control of
          United Nations peacekeeping forces (tJNFICYP) . He was allegedly subjected to
          extensive beatings, as a result of which he was hospitalized on
          12 October 1995. A tJNFICYP doctor reported serious injuries. His wife
          observed wounds indicative of torture, including a cut ear, burns possibly
          made by cigarettes, a bruised chin and forehead, swollen and bloodshot eyes, a
          stitched wound on the hip. His back was marked with lines suggesting he had
          been whipped. A medical report from his family doctor confirmed that he had
          been subjected to torture and that his body was covered with wounds caused by
          beatings and slashing with implements. He had sustained injuries to his eyes,
          ear, hip, back, soles of his feet and around his kidneys.
          Ecuador
          115. By letter dated 11 July 1996, the Special Rapporteur informed the
          Government that he had received information concerning the cases of Chesman
          Caflôn Trujillo, Ramôn Alirio Perez Vargas, Martha Cecilia Smnchez, Guillermo
          Diaz and Pedro Aguirre. These persons, of Colombian nationality, legally
          recognized as refugees by the Ecuadorean authorities, were said to have been
          arrested on 18 August 1995 in Quito by military personnel. For several days
          they were reportedly kept incommunicado on military premises near Quito, where
          they were subjected to blows, electric shocks and death threats and kept
          blindfolded. On 3 October 1996, the Government replied that these persons had
          been arrested by army intelligence staff in the course of an investigation for
          possible conspiracy to subvert the public order.
          116. In the same letter dated 11 July, the Special Rapporteur again
          transmitted to the Government a list of cases communicated in 1995 on which no
          reply had been received.
          Information transmitted by the Government regarding cases included in earlier
          reports
          117. On 3 October 1996, the Government replied regarding the cases of Oscar
          Soto and John Kennedy Garcia Petevi, which had been transmitted by the Special
          Rapporteur on 29 May 1995. These persons were said to have been arrested by
          the police in Quito on 12 April 1994 and tortured at the Provisional Detention
          Centre. In its reply, the Government confirmed that they had been arrested
          and pointed out that the Provisional Detention Centre was placed under the
          authority of the Ministry for Social Welfare, where no types of police
          investigations were carried out.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          Eg ypt
          118. By letter dated 22 July 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the
          Government information on the cases summarized in the paragraphs below.
          119. Nasr Ahmad Ali Es-Sayyed, an inmate at Fayyom Prison, was allegedly
          assaulted and hit by a prison officer in September 1995, as a result of which
          he fell into a coma. He was said to have sustained a clot on the brain that
          rendered him partially paralysed and unable to speak.
          120. Khedewi Mahmoud Abdul Aziz and Mohamed Ibrahim Saeed were among a number
          of persons reportedly injured on 31 August 1994 in the course of operations
          conducted at Tanta prison by prison officials and members of the Security
          Services Investigation (SSI) . Prisoners were allegedly beaten
          indiscriminately with rubber and wooden truncheons.
          121. Mostafa Ali Muharram, Ahmed Badr Gad, Salah Ahmed Al-Sayyed, Abdul
          Fattah Ibrahim Ahmed, Abdul Fattah Eid Hassan, Abdul Nabi Hashem Taha and
          Youssri Monamed Fawaz were among a number of prisoners injured at Abu Za'abal
          prison on 12 September 1994 during an operation by prison officials and
          members of the 551. The prisoners were said to have been assaulted with tear
          gas and electric batons.
          122. Abd Al Latif Idris Ismail was reportedly arrested on 25 March 1995 under
          accusation of petty theft and tortured for four days at Helwan police station.
          He was allegedly hung upside down from the ceiling and subjected to electric
          shocks which resulted in the paralysis of his left leg and arm. He was
          released on 30 March, but was arrested again five days later and subsequently
          taken to hospital.
          123. By the same letter, the Special Rapporteur requested follow-up
          information from the Government with respect to a substantial number of
          previously transmitted cases, including information on developments in
          investigations or judicial proceedings.
          Information received from the Government with respect to cases included in
          previous reports
          124. On 8 December 1995, the Government replied to the cases that the
          Special Rapporteur had transmitted on 26 April 1995 (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1,
          paras. 182-210)
          125. With respect to the following persons allegedly subjected to torture,
          the Government stated that they had failed to present themselves at the Office
          of the Assistant Attorney-General, even though they had been invited to do so
          in order to complete the investigations: Gamil Hassan Metwalli Sayyid,
          Mustafa Sadiq Ibrahim Musa, Ashraf Abul Hassan Ibrahim Qasim, Muhamad Alawi
          Ali Abdul Muhaimin, Atiyya Ahmad Muhammad al-Sayyid, Midhat al-Sayyid Ahmad
          Hilal, Muhammad Khalaf loussuf Abdul Rahman Zayid, Ahmad Thabit Farag Muhamad,
          Atif Gamal Mahmoud Umran, Abul Magd Hani Sabir Siyam, Khalid Said Mahmoud,
          Mu'tazz Ali Abdul Karim Abdul Ghani, Tal'at Fuad Muhammad Qasim, and Ahmad
          Fathi Hafiz al-Dhayit. The investigations into these cases were being
          completed in the light of the findings of technical reports.
        
          
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          126. With respect to the cases of Sharif Hassan Ahmad Muhammad Hassan,
          Qasim Ibrahim Qasim Qutaish, Ala ed-Din Abbas Radhan and Ahmad Ibrahim Abdul
          Galil Mustafa, in which the court had found evidence obtained through their
          torture to be inadmissible, and in regard to which the Special Rapporteur had
          sought to determine whether the persons responsible for the acts of torture
          had been prosecuted and compensation paid to the victims or their families,
          the Government stated that the substantiating grounds of the judgement in the
          case had not indicated whether there was any evidence of torture. Neither
          these persons nor their families had instituted legal proceedings to claim
          compensation.
          127. With respect to Mahmoud Hussein Muhammad Ahmad, the Office of the
          Attorney-General had re-examined his complaint and upheld the decision of the
          El-Minya Public Prosecutor to close the case.
          128. With respect to Munabbiya Nagi Ali, the Prosecutor at the Tanta Court
          of Appeal had decided that the charge against the officer alleged to be
          responsible, although inadmissible, should be retained in the register of
          administrative complaints. The complainant had lodged an appeal with
          the Assistant Attorney-General who upheld the view of the Prosecutor
          on 23 February 1994.
          129. In the case of Abdul Harith Muhammad Ibrahim Madani, the Department of
          Public Prosecution (DPP) had requested the Department of Forensic Medicine to
          expedite the dispatch of the final autopsy report and the Department of
          Forensic Medicine had requested further information from the DPP concerning
          the circumstances surrounding the death of the victim. The DPP had questioned
          the police officers responsible for the arrest and had replied to the
          questions raised by the Department of Forensic Medicine. The file was
          awaiting a final decision by the DPP.
          130. With respect to those persons who had been summoned to the DPP so that
          their statements could be taken, some of whom had been referred to the
          Department of Forensic Medicine, the Special Rapporteur had requested to be
          apprised of developments in the cases. Regarding the cases of Muhammad Sammir
          Ubaid al-Sayyid, Khalid Abdul Fattah Hassan Mustafa, Muhammad Ali Muhammad
          Metwalli, Khalifa Abdul Azim Abdul Aziz Khalifa, Yahya Khalafallah Muhammad
          Ali, Rabi' Ahmad Rikabi Ahmad, Za'id Abdul Sami' Ali Ammara, Ahmad Shawqi
          Thabit Abdul Al, Abdul Rahim Abdul Ghaffar Mursi Abdul Ban, Muhammad Gallal
          Ahmad, Samir al-Sayyid Mahmoud Raihan, Yaseen Abdul Sattar Yaseen, Gamal
          Muhammad Abu Zaid Shabib Hilal, Tariq Metwalli al-Iraqi, Islam Ragab Abdul
          Hadi Sha'lan, Khalifa Abu Zaid Shabib Hilal, Tariq Metwalli Ahmad al-Tukhi and
          Yasir Haggag Ahmad Haggag, the Government stated that medical reports had been
          received from the Department of Forensic Medicine and the accused officers had
          been summoned so that they could be questioned and confronted with the
          findings of the investigations. Those investigations would be completed in
          the light of their statements. However, with respect to the cases of Muhammad
          al-Sayyid, Amin Hamdi Salim, Hisham Mubarak Hassan, Ahmad Ismail Mahmoud
          Salama, Adil Al-Sayyid Qasim Sha'ban, Amer Abdul Moneim Muhammad Ali, Muhammad
          Afifi Matar, Muhammad Rashid Abdul Rahim al-Imam and Muhammad al-Sayyid
          al-Sayyid Higazi, none had presented himself for the medical examination that
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
          page 28
          had been ordered, nor had any of them pursed their complaints in order to
          complete the legally prescribed procedures needed for a final decision,
          despite repeated requests and summonses in that connection.
          131. The Special Rapporteur considered that the original reply from the
          Government to a number of cases had not clearly addressed the allegations of
          torture. Among those cases, the Government stated that for those persons
          acquitted by the military court, particularly Abdul Moneim Gamal el-Din Abdul
          Moneim, Hussein Taha Umar Affifi, Amre Muhammad Ali al-Iraqi, Tariq Mansour
          Ali, Hassan Makkawi Hassanein Makkawi and Muhammad Ali al-Sayyed Higazi, the
          court had not been convinced of the truth of the allegations of torture. The
          acquittals had been objective and unrelated to the allegations of torture. As
          to the cases of persons convicted by the military court, namely Hilal Uthman
          Mursi Hilal, Ashraf al-Sayyid Ibrahim Salih Abul Lail, Shafi'i Magd Ali Magd,
          Ali Hashim Muhammad Ali Ammara, Muhammad al-Sayyid Mustafa al-Dassouqi, Tariq
          Abdul Razaq Hassan, Hamadnah Qasim al-Abd Qasim, lyhab Abdul Maqsoud Mu'awwadh
          Ibrahim, Al-Sayyid Salih al-Sayyid Sulaiman, and Tariq Abdul Nabi Hassan
          al-Fahl, the court had applied all the legal procedures concerning the
          defendant's right to make allegations of torture in order to substantiate the
          case for the defence or to be examined by the Department of Forensic Medicine.
          The court had not been convinced of the allegations of torture. The
          substantiating grounds for the court's judgement had not stated that the court
          had based its verdict on evidence obtained through torture.
          132. With respect to the case of Ramadhan Mahmoud Ahmad, a lawyer who was
          allegedly tortured at the Abu Za'bal branch of the SSI, he had gone to
          Abu Za'bal prison with the wife of a detained terrorist and had presented
          two visit permits, one of which had been falsified. The DPP had begun an
          investigation and ordered his release on his own recognizance.
          133. As for Tihami Ahmad Abdullah Shalabi, Safawat Ahmad Abdul Ghani, Ahmad
          Abduh Salim, Mahmoud Muhammad Ahmad Shu'aib, Hassan al-Gharbawi Shahhata,
          Adli Abdul Latif and Muhammad Mursi, who were allegedly tortured or
          ill-treated by warders at a high security prison in February 1994, the head of
          the DPP and two deputies had made an unannounced visit to Tora prison to
          investigate a complaint by their lawyer that they had begun a hunger strike
          after being assaulted and tortured. The DPP personnel inspected the cell
          blocks and interviewed the prisoners, who complained of a lack of bathing
          facilities, denial of family visits and beatings, but denied beginning a
          hunger strike. The inspectors noted the absence of evident injuries on their
          bodies, but ordered a medical examination. The DPP studied the results of the
          medical examinations, interviewed the accused warders and decided, on
          23 June 1994, to close the cases in view of the spurious nature of the
          allegations and the fact that the persons concerned had not begun a hunger
          strike. Pursuant to an appeal by their lawyer, the Office of the Assistant
          Attorney-General for Human Rights reinvestigated the case and endorsed the DPP
          decision.
          134. In the following cases of alleged ill-treatment at various police
          stations, the Government replied that all the legal procedures had been
          followed and the complaints had been received and investigated by the DPP,
          which had instituted criminal proceedings against some of the culprits and
          referred others to disciplinary tribunals, depending on the nature and the
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
          page 29
          gravity of their acts: Magdi Shadhili Abdul Rahman, Khalid Saqr Ibrahim,
          Muhammad Magdi Ibrahim, Sami Lutfi Abul Magd, Muhammad Muhammad Abdul Rahman,
          Muhammad Mubarak Muwafi and Gamal Mubarak Muwafi, Imam Muhammad Imam,
          Ahmad Ismail Ahmad, Midhat Ali Zahra, Abdul Latif Muhammad Basha,
          Muhammad Farouq Ali Nawfal and Izzat Isamail. No details were given regarding
          which measures were taken in respect of which case.
          135. With respect to the 51 persons arrested at the village of Zayida, Ousim,
          Giza on 5 December 1993 (names omitted), many of whom were allegedly subjected
          to torture at Ousim police station, the Government replied that complaints had
          been filed, including one by the local people's council of the village of
          Barajil. The investigation was being completed by the Office of the Assistant
          Attorney-General for Human Rights, which had referred some of the complainants
          for medical examination and had heard the statements of witnesses and alleged
          victims.
          136. In the case of Adil Gawdat Hussein, who was allegedly ill-treated at
          El-Teiben police station on 2 March 1994, the Government replied that the DPP
          had questioned the officer and witnesses, ordered a forensic examination and
          closed the case in view of the inadequacy of the evidence.
          137. As for Adil al-Sayyid Abul Hadi and Fatima al-Sayyid Abdul Hadi, who had
          allegedly been ill-treated by two officers from El-Sharabia police station on
          25 June 1994, no evidence had been found of any security measure taken against
          them.
          138. With respect to Abdul Moneim Muhammad Sayyid Ahmad, Imam Abdul Moneim,
          Muna Muhammad Gad, Ahmad Abdul Moneim Muhammad and Zain Ahmad Sabir, who were
          allegedly subjected to torture by officers from Manshiet Nasr police station
          between 14 and 24 July 1994, the Government indicated that the DPP was
          conducting an investigation and hearing the statements of victims and
          witnesses at the request of the Office of the Attorney-General.
          139. In the case of Adil Muhammad Ibrahim, who was allegedly subjected to
          torture or ill-treatment by officers of the May-Helwan police station, the
          Government stated that he had assaulted the arresting officer and had
          deliberately injured himself to be able to claim that he was tortured. The
          Office of the Assistant Attorney-General for Human Rights decided on
          26 January 1995 that the institution of criminal proceedings was unwarranted
          in view of the inadequacy of the evidence.
          140. With respect to Amre Muhammad Safwat, who was allegedly tortured at
          Am Shams police station and at SSI premises in October 1993 and subsequently
          died in hospital, the Government replied that the DPP had investigated a
          complaint against the superintendent of Am Shams police station, the deputy
          head of the Criminal Investigations Department and a hospital director and had
          concluded that suspicion of death through criminal conspiracy could be
          excluded, although administrative sanctions should be imposed on the accused
          persons for having violated instructions concerning confinements in hospitals.
          The Assistant Attorney-General for Human Rights had ruled inadmissible an
          appeal against this decision and the file had been sent to the administrative
          authorities to impose the requisite administrative sanctions.
        
          
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          141. In the case of Abdul Mageed Khalifa, who allegedly died as a result of
          torture at al-Wasta police station in May 1994, the DPP had decided that a
          complaint by his family alleging that he had died as a result of a criminal
          act of torture was inadmissible. The family appealed to the Attorney-General
          and the DPP reinvestigated the matter and upheld the earlier decision to close
          the case.
          142. With respect to Fath ul-Bab Abdul Moneim Sha'lan, who was allegedly
          beaten to death, and his son, laser Fath ul-Bab Abdull Moneim Sha'lan, who was
          allegedly tortured at Helwan police station in August 1994, the DPP had
          referred the case to the Southern Cairo Criminal Court, where it was being
          heard.
          Urgent appeals
          143. On 22 August 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on behalf
          of Sayyid ‘Abbas Sayyid, Taha Mansour, Sa'id Taghour, Hisham Mohammad ‘Abdu
          and ‘Abd al-Hamid Mahmoud Qutb Khalil, who were among 43 suspected members of
          Talai' al-Fatah (the Vanguard of the Conquest) reportedly arrested in early
          July 1996 in Cairo and other governorates under accusation of “possession of
          large quantities of dynamite and preparing to overthrow the regime”. They
          were allegedly being subjected to torture at the headquarters of the SSI. A
          sixth person, identified as Ahmad Mohammad ‘Abd al-'Adhim Higazi, was reported
          to have died the preceeding week at SSI headquarters as a result of torture.
          El Salvador
          144. By letter dated 10 October 1996, the Special Rapporteur transmitted the
          following cases to the Government: Carlos Ulises Bonilla, arrested on
          2 November 1995 by the Civil National Police of the canton of Pavana,
          jurisdiction of San Alejo, La Uniôn, accused of ill-treating his concubine;
          the police had reportedly tied him to a tree and beaten him repeatedly,
          producing a rupture in the small intestine. Hector José VIsquez Orantes and
          Edgardo Armando Alvarado Mejia, arrested on 21 January 1996 for drunkenness by
          the Civil National Police in the municipality of Tepecoyo, La Libertad, were
          reportedly taken to police premises and violently beaten, as a result of which
          Mr. VIsquez Orantes had had to be operated for intestinal injuries.
          Equatorial Guinea
          145. By letter dated 12 July 1996, the Special Rapporteur transmitted the
          following cases to the Government.
          146. Jorge Ondo Esono and Antonio Abogo, members of the Convergencia para la
          Democracia Social (CPDS) party, were arrested by the police on
          19 November 1994 in Akonibe, south-east of the Rio Muni, as they were going to
          their party congress in Bata. While they were detained, they were reportedly
          subjected to sessions of 50 blows with rubber truncheons, morning and
          afternoon.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          147. Indalecio Abuy was arrested on 15 April 1995 by security officers, who
          transferred him to a military base situated five kilometres away from Bata.
          During the two days he remained there, he was reportedly severely beaten with
          a high-voltage cable.
          148. Norberto “Tito” Mba Nze, Mariano Nsogo and Baltasar Nsogo Ntutumu, CPDS
          members, and Pascual Nsomo Mba, member of the Partido del Progreso (PP) , were
          arrested in Akonibe on 10 April 1995. After being transferred to the Akonibe
          police station, they were allegedly severely beaten, including on the soles of
          their feet.
          149. Jesus Marcial Mba was arrested in November 1995 in the neighbourhood of
          Los Angeles de Malabo and severely beaten. As a result of the beatings, he
          had to be hospitalized, where he was diagnosed as suffering permanent injuries
          to his spine and a fracture of the left arm.
          150. Feliciano Boko Befla was arrested in December 1995 in Baney,
          some 25 kilometres from Malabo, by police officers who accused him of
          complicity in a robbery. While he was detained, he was reportedly severely
          struck on the chest with a rifle, causing the fracture of several ribs. One
          of his fingers was allegedly torn out with pincers, as a result of which he
          developed septicemia. He died soon afterwards.
          151. It was also reported that in February 1995 several PP leaders and
          several dozen soldiers were arrested in Malabo and Rio Muni, accused of a plot
          to overthrow the Government. Those arrested included Agapito Ona,
          Norberto Nculo, Lieutenant-Colonel Pedro Esono Masié, Leoncio MikI, director
          of the Bata Military Academy and Pedro Massa Mba. Before being transferred to
          Malabo for trial, they were said to have been kept in premises of the
          Presidential Palace in Bata. They were also reportedly kept undressed, some
          for a month, in closets measuring 70 x 50 cms, almost without food. At night
          they were taken to the wood, where they were hung up and beaten, with their
          feet and hands tied, under pressure to sign confessions.
          152. The Special Rapporteur sent the Government two urgent appeals. The
          first, transmitted on 25 March 1996, on behalf of Amancio Gabriel Nse,
          regional CPDS leader, who had allegedly been arrested on 18 March 1996 in
          Niefang, Centro-Sur province, Rio Muni. The second, transmitted on
          24 May 1996, on behalf of Francisca Nzang Ebasi, wife of the Mayor of Nkimi,
          Centro-Sur province, who had reportedly been arrested with her newly-born son
          and taken to police premises in Niefang. On 28 May the Government reported
          that at no time had Francisca Nzang been detained.
          Ethiopia
          Urgent appeals
          153. A number of persons were reportedly being held incommunicado since
          mid-February 1996 in connection with alleged support for the Oromo Liberation
          Front (OLF) , including Olana Bati, a 75-year-old Oromo elder, arrested in
          Nekemte on 28 February 1996, who was said to be detained for the seventh time
          since 1992. Other persons reported to be detained were Asrat Buli,
        
          
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          Baharsity Obsa (female) , Shabbe Sheko (female) , Dalu Bekule and Abdella Ahmed
          Tesso. Another detainee, Challa Kebebe, was allegedly tortured to death.
          (2 May 1996)
          154. Zegeye Asfaw, a former Minister of Agriculture and head of the
          non-governmental organization Hundee (Root) , was reportedly arrested in
          Chancho on 9 June 1996, suspected of involvement with the OLF, and was being
          held without charge at Chancho police station. On 24 June 1996 the Government
          replied that Zegeye Asfaw had not at any time been arrested or detained by the
          police. He had gone to Chancho, but had stayed overnight in a hotel and then
          returned to Addis Ababa. (13 June 1996)
          155. The following members or former members of Parliament from Region S
          (Somalia) were reportedly being held incommunicado: Sheikh Abdinasir Ada,
          Nur Gooni Khalif, Khadar Moallin Ali, Ali Bashe Sheikh Abdi, Riyaale Haamud
          Ahmed, Ahmed Makaahiil Hussein, Ibrahim Adan Mahamud ‘Dolal', Jthdirashid Ahmed
          Khalif, Mohammed Abdi Nur, Mohammed Sheikh Hassan, Mohammed Sheikh Abdi Ahmed,
          and Hanood Banday. The detainees were said to be held in Jijiga, except for
          Ibrahim Adan Mahamud ‘Dolal', who had been transferred to Addis Ababa.
          (20 September 1996)
          156. The Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal in conjunction with the
          Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions on behalf
          of a large number of persons detained in Hararge province on suspicion of
          supporting the OLF. The detainees included those held in what were alleged to
          be 23 secret detention centres in Deder district, as well as some 300 persons
          held at Harrar central prison. The Special Rapporteurs transmitted the names
          of 14 persons who had allegedly been summarily killed while in detention in
          Deder district. Others were allegedly being subjected to torture.
          (8 November 1996)
          France
          157. On 8 August 1996, the Special Rapporteur informed the Government that he
          had received information according to which several members of the Executive
          Secretariat of the Trade Union Confederation A Ti'a I Mua in Papeete, Tahiti,
          French Polynesia, were allegedly ill-treated by mobile guards on 9 and
          10 September 1995 in Papeete. The victims were said to have been arrested at
          the headquarters of the Trade Union Confederation as they were preparing a
          press conference. The authorities supposedly held the union responsible for a
          riot which had occurred on the island on 6 September, after the resumption of
          nuclear tests.
          158. According to reports, a detachment of mobile guards burst into the
          premises and ordered the trade unionists to line up facing the wall. Although
          the unionists obeyed without resistance, some reportedly had a gun pointed at
          them, while others were shoved to the ground or against the board, receiving
          blows and even electric shocks. Then, handcuffed two-by-two, they were said
          to have been thrown haphazardly into a truck and taken first to the
          gendarmerie station of the avenue Bruat, then to a former barracks known as
          the quartier Broche, where they were held in police custody. During the whole
          time the custody lasted, which for some of the detainees was alleged to be
          34 hours, they allegedly had nothing to eat or drink and had been prevented
        
          
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          from sleeping (with unexpected noises, howling, very loud music and TV, kicks
          and truncheon blows and being showered with insecticide) . Attention was drawn
          in particular to the cases of Hirohiti Tefaarere, Jean-Michel Garrigues,
          Bruno Tetaria and Henri Temaititahio.
          159. The Special Rapporteur also received information concerning the case of
          Sid Ahmed Amiri, of French and Algerian nationality, who was reportedly
          arrested in Marseille on 11 August 1995 by three guards of the Unite de
          surveillance des transports en commun (USTC) and severely beaten with
          truncheons. According to the report, a police patrol had taken him to
          hospital, where he had been treated for a broken nose and injuries to the legs
          and shoulders. The three guards were said to have been arrested in the course
          of the ensuing inquiry.
          Information received from the Government concerning the cases dealt with in
          earlier reports
          160. On 14 March 1996, the Government sent information concerning the
          following cases, transmitted by the Special Rapporteur on 11 November 1994.
          161. Jean Fuchs and Didier Loroche were said to have been wounded by
          policemen during a demonstration held in Bordeaux in March 1994. According to
          the Government, a police officer was held for questioning on 20 March 1995
          accused of violence not leading to total work incapacity exceeding eight days.
          The disciplinary inquiry was awaiting the court decision.
          162. Pierre Congo was allegedly struck by a policeman at the Gare du Nord in
          Paris on 15 February 1994. According to the Government, the police inquiries
          conducted by the Prosecutor's Office and by the General Inspectorate of the
          National Police were filed.
          163. Tameem Taqu was allegedly struck by policemen on 29 June 1993 in Paris.
          According to the Government, three police officers were questioned and
          suspended from duty, pending the conclusion of the inquiry. In addition, the
          State and one police officer were sentenced to pay compensation.
          164. Abdelkader Slimani, 16 years old, was allegedly struck by two policemen
          on 16 May 1994 in a neighbourhood of Paris. According to the Government,
          examination proceedings were opened for acts of violence by persons in a
          position of public authority having led to more than eight days total work
          incapacity. The General Inspectorate of the National Police is also
          conducting an inquiry.
          165. Rachid Harfouche was reportedly struck by policemen on 10 December 1993
          at his building in Noisy-le-Sec. According to the Government, the case is
          being investigated by the Court of Major Jurisdiction of Bobigny. The inquiry
          conducted by the General Service Inspectorate did not find that any faults had
          been committed by the three police officers concerned.
        
          
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          166. David Creygolles was allegedly submitted to ill-treatment
          on 10 February 1993 in Carcassone by members of the judicial police. The
          Government replied that this case was unknown to the competent services of the
          Ministry of the Interior. An investigation was being held by the judicial
          court.
          167. Benoit Fustier was allegedly struck on 20 January 1994 in a police
          station in Bastia and reportedly had to be transferred to hospital. The
          Government replied that the case was not known to the competent services of
          the Ministry of the Interior. An investigation was being held by the judicial
          court.
          Germany
          168. By letter dated 6 May 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted the
          individual cases summarized below, to which the Government replied on
          13 August 1996. The allegations and replies are summarized. Ali Abdulla
          Iraki and his brother Taha Iraki, German citizens of Lebanese descent, were
          reportedly beaten severely with batons by two police officers on 4 June 1994
          in the Kreuzberg district of Berlin. The officers believed that they were
          breaking into a car that in fact belonged to Taha Iraki. Hospital medical
          reports indicated that Ali Abdulla Iraki sustained a fractured wrist, bruises
          and abrasions, while Taha Iraki suffered abrasions and cuts on his left
          shoulder, bruises on his back and grazed his left elbow. The Government
          replied that the Iraki brothers had sustained injuries, but the Public
          Prosecution Service could not prove with the degree of certainty necessary to
          secure a conviction that the accused officers had engaged in punishable
          conduct. The officers maintained that the degree of force used was necessary
          to overcome the resistance of the Iraki brothers and these claims could not be
          disproved by the contradictory statements of the alleged victims or by
          accounts supplied by their witnesses. On 1 December 1995 the Iraki brothers
          were indicted for insults, bodily harm and obstructing enforcement in
          connection with the above-described incident. Taha Iraki was acquitted of the
          charges and the proceedings against Ali Iraki were ongoing.
          169. Binyamin Safak was told to move his car by two officers in Frankfurt
          on 10 April 1995. After he objected to one officer's use of a racial epithet,
          he was arrested. At the police station he was allegedly kicked, punched in
          the face, chest, head and arms and thrown by his hair head first against a
          wall while his hands were cuffed behind his back, as a result of which he was
          hospitalized for one week. A medical certificate revealed a two-centimetre
          cut to his lip requiring stitches, bruises on his chest, a bruised and swollen
          chin, bruises and abrasions on his temple and forehead, a swollen right wrist
          and right knee, a cracked rib and a depressed fracture of the cheekbone. The
          Government stated that the Public Prosecutor's office attached to Frankfurt am
          Main Regional Court was carrying out an investigation into the case.
          170. Azad Kahn Fegir Ahmad, Noorol Hak Hakimi and Mohammed Nabie Schafie,
          Afghan asylum-seekers, were allegedly beaten severely by some 12 police
          officers wearing masks and black suits, who had stormed their residential
          accommodations on 6 June 1995 in Leipzig, Saxony. They had reportedly been
          mistakenly targeted by the police. Mohammed Nabie Schafie was hospitalized
          for two days and Noorol Hak Hakimi was kept in hospital for 11 days. The
        
          
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          Government replied that the officers had stormed the wrong residential
          caravan, but had apologized and offered medical treatment to the persons
          concerned. The offer of medical treatment had been refused. The Leipzig
          Public Prosecution service launched investigations against seven of the
          officers, but discontinued the investigation on 1 April 1996, as there was
          insufficient evidence that a crime had been committed. An appeal had been
          lodged. Proceedings regarding possible disciplinary measures against the
          officers had yet to be concluded. The police had held “mediation and
          clarification” discussions with the injured parties in Leipzig in July 1995.
          171. Hidayet Secil, a Turkish national residing in Germany since 1969, was
          allegedly beaten severely by police officers at his apartment in Gbppingen,
          Baden-Württemberg, on 1 July 1995, after the officers had come in response to
          complaints from a neighbour about the noise level. A medical certificate
          issued by a hospital noted a broken nose, bruises on the upper lip and upper
          jaw, swelling and superficial cuts on the left arm and deep welts on the back.
          The Government replied that Hidayet Secil had refused to come out of the
          bathroom. When the officers tried to pull him out he struck out at them with
          his fists and feet. Three officers were injured in the dispute. The baton
          was needed after Hidayet Secil pushed an officer against the window, breaking
          the glass. The officers' use of physical force was justified by self-defence
          and a duty to provide assistance. An investigation into the case against the
          seven officers was discontinued by the Ulm Public Prosecutors Office, as there
          was insufficient evidence that an offence had been committed. An appeal was
          rejected by the Stuttgart Public Prosecutor General. An investigation was in
          progress into a case against Hidayet Secil for resisting law enforcement
          officers and causing bodily injury.
          Greece
          172. By letter dated 10 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information indicating that Nikos Gogos,
          detained for drug possession on 21 October 1995 in Thessaloniki, was beaten by
          officers of the Anti-Drug Squad. He was said to have sustained severe
          bruising to his face, back and legs as a result of the ill-treatment. On
          30 August 1996 the Government replied that no such person had ever been
          detained or interrogated in the Security Division of Thessaloniki for breach
          of the “law on drugs”.
          173. The Special Rapporteur also informed the Government of a report he had
          received on the alleged beating with truncheons of demonstrators protesting
          the imprisonment of an anarchist activist in Thessaloniki on 14 November 1995.
          Paris Sophos, Ilias Hatziiliadis, Giannis Anagnostou and Sophia Kyritsi
          (aged 17) were reportedly arrested and allegedly ill-treated during their
          arrest and subsequent transfer to the Security Police buildings. Paris Sophos
          reportedly received multiple bruises and a slight head wound requiring
          stitches which, according to a medical report, were caused by a “blunt object
          designed to smash”. Ilias Hatziiliadis reportedly was wounded on the head.
          Sophi Kyriusti underwent a neurological examination prompted by symptoms of
          internal head injuries including nausea, dizziness, headaches, traumatic
          amnesia, diplopia and loss of muscle strength in the upper extremities. In
          its reply of 30 August 1996 the Government stated that the Public Prosecutor
          had deemed necessary the preventive inspection of 100 anarchist demonstrators,
        
          
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          as some of them were carrying bags which could have contained weapons. The
          demonstrators violently attempted to prevent the inspection and, as a result
          of an ensuing minor clash, the aforementioned were arrested. Forensic
          examination revealed that they had received minor injuries, but the injuries
          were sustained while they had resisted lawful arrest and not from torture or
          ill-treatment. Nine police officers had also been slightly injured. The
          detainees were convicted by the First Three-Member Magistrate Court of
          Thessaloniki on various charges, including sedition. A preliminary
          examination was pending into oral complaints lodged by loannis Anagnostou and
          Elias Hatziliadis for having been injured. The findings of an administrative
          examination failed to establish any disciplinary or other responsibilities on
          the part of the General Police Division of Thessaloniki and the case had been
          filed.
          Guatemala
          174. By letter dated 11 July 1996, the Special Rapporteur informed the
          Government that it had received information concerning the following cases of
          torture which had allegedly occurred in the country, to some of which the
          Government replied in October 1996.
          175. Obed Valladares Reyna, Secretary-General of the General Workers' Union
          of the Malaria Division of the Ministry of Health, was abducted in
          Guatemala City on 26 September and 31 October 1994 by unknown individuals
          suspected of belonging to security forces, who beat him severely and warned
          him to leave the country. In the second incident, he allegedly had several
          ribs broken. The Government reported that the person concerned had not lodged
          any complaint, so that no legal proceedings had been opened against anyone.
          176. Gerson Ricardo Lôpez Orantes, journalist and university student, was
          abducted on 28 March 1995 by individuals suspected of belonging to security
          forces. Twenty-four hours later, he was found in the neighbourhood of the
          town of San Cristôbal, zone 8 of Mixco, department of Guatemala, suffering
          from the effects of some type of drug, with cigarette burns on his chest and
          bruises on his face, legs and arms. The kidnappers had warned him to stop his
          journalistic activities and to leave the country. The Government reported
          that the competent bodies had not received any official notification, so that
          no proceedings had been started since the person concerned had taken no
          action.
          177. Flor de Maria Salguero, leader of the Federaciôn Sindical de
          Trabajadores de la Alimentaciôn Agro-Industrias y Similares, was said to have
          received anonymous threats in the early months of 1995. On 17 May 1995, two
          men suspected of belonging to security forces made her leave a bus on which
          she was travelling in the area of Mixco in Guatemala City, forcing her to
          drink a substance which left her semi-unconscious and leading her blindfolded
          to an enclosed place, where she was allegedly threatened, beaten and raped
          three times. The Government reported that there was no certainty, even on the
          part of the victim that those responsible for those acts were members of the
          security forces and that there was some evidence that it was a private problem
          and not an act attributable to the State.
        
          
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          178. Sonia Esmeralda Gômez Guevara, 16 years of age, was walking with a
          friend in Street 18, zone 1 of Guatemala City, on S April 1996, when three
          officers of the national police came up to them and said they would arrest
          them for being street children. When they arrived at the crossroads of
          Avenue 12 with Street 23 in zone 1, they were taken to a secluded place, where
          one of the policemen raped Sonia Esmeralda Gômez. The Government reported
          that the six officers who had been on surveillance duty in the sector on the
          day of the events had been identified, and had denied any participation in the
          events. As the minors had not been located, it had not been possible to
          organize personal identification of the authors. The investigation was still
          continuing.
          179. Lucina CIrdenas Ramirez, of Mexican nationality, a former official of
          the International Labour Organization, was abducted at the end of
          November 1995 by individuals who intercepted her car in the locality of
          San Martin Sacatepéquez, Quetzaltenango. Five days later, her dead body
          was reportedly found, showing multiple bruising and cigarette burns. In
          March 1996, a member of the armed forces was allegedly accused of
          being involved in the events. (The Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial,
          summary or arbitrary executions transmitted this case to the Government
          on 4 June 1996.) The Government reported that two persons were under
          investigation as the main suspects in the case and that the Prosecutor's
          Office was completing its investigation proceedings to bring them to trial.
          180. Otto Leonel Hernmndez was abducted on 21 June 1996 in Quetzaltenango by
          individuals suspected of belonging to security forces. Five days later, he
          was released, with his back covered with more than 20 cigarette burns and
          severely beaten. Otto Leonel Hernmndez is a main witness in the murder of
          Lucina CIrdenas Ramirez. The Government reported that there was no evidence
          that the perpetrators of the acts were members of the security forces, and
          that the investigation by the Prosecutor's Office was following its course.
          Urgent appeals
          181. On 25 March 1996, the Special Rapporteur, in conjunction with the
          Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions,
          transmitted an urgent appeal on behalf of Vilma Cristina Gonzalez, who was
          allegedly abducted on two occasions and subjected to various forms of torture.
          The Government reported that the Human Rights Unit of the Prosecutor's
          Office had not received any complaint concerning that case. The Criminal
          Investigations Unit of the National Police said they had interviewed persons
          who had helped Mrs. Gonzalez after her release and who had stated that she had
          appeared at their home and very calmly had requested the use of a telephone.
          She did not show any visible signs of injuries and only later suffered an
          attack of hysteria, on which occasion she probably inflicted the scratches
          which appeared on her own arms and chest.
          Republic of Guinea
          182. On 20 February 1996, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the
          Government on behalf of Commander Kader Doumbouya, chief of the independent
          parachute battalion; Artillery Commander Yaya Sow and Commander Almany
          Seny Diallo, director of military factories. According to reports received,
        
          
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          these officers were arrested in Conakry on S February 1996 following the
          attempted coup on the previous day, and were held in solitary confinement at
          Famosy Camp. Their families had received no official notification concerning
          their fate. Some 20 other members of the armed forces who had been arrested
          were in the same situation. On 21 March 1996, the Government informed the
          Special Rapporteur that the three officers concerned had headed a mutiny to
          overthrow the legally instituted Government, which had caused several dozen
          deaths. It also stated that it would strictly observe the legal mechanisms
          applicable to all forms of behaviour and deliberate acts committed
          in violation of the laws and regulations of civilized nations.
          Honduras
          183. On 8 January 1996, the Special Rapporteur communicated to the Government
          that he had received information concerning the following minors: José Ismael
          Ulloa Flores, Ebert Rolando Boquin Zarabia, Ramôn Jthtonio Hernmndez Berillos,
          Edwin Zepeda, Juan Benito Hernmndez Berillos, Rafael Martinez, Osman Antonio
          CIceres Mufloz and Arnoldo Roque Rodriguez. These were part of a group of
          approximately 12 minors jailed in the penal farm for adults of Comayagua, who
          had allegedly been tortured during the month of November 1995. The torture
          was said to have consisted in handcuffing them and suspending them by the
          handcuffs without their feet touching the ground. In addition, they were
          reported to have been beaten. On 30 September 1996, the Government reported
          that criminal proceedings had been initiated against the director of the penal
          farm. The indictment had subsequently been extended to the guards who had
          taken part in the acts of aggression, and it was expected that the court would
          order the detention of the accused.
          184. Another two cases of minors were communicated to the Government
          on 11 July 1996. Martha Maria Saire, 11 years old, residing in the Centro de
          Orientaciôn de Menores of TImara in Francisco Morazmn, was allegedly raped
          on 9 April 1994 by several soldiers of the military battalion of TImara
          responsible for guarding the perimeter of the establishment. On
          30 September 1996, the Government reported that two members of the
          establishment's guard had been detained in the Central Penitentiary, and
          that the case was being brought to trial.
          185. Mario René Enamorado Lara, 16 years of age, residing in a home of the
          Casa Alianza in Tegucigalpa, was arrested on 10 July 1994 by members of the
          first police battalion, who accused him of having stolen a watch. He was
          allegedly taken to the police station and severely beaten by the police
          officers themselves and by adult detainees with whom he had been placed.
          After his release, he was reportedly examined by a physician, who was said to
          have confirmed the signs of ill-treatment. On 30 September 1996, the
          Government reported that, in the light of the proceedings ordered by the
          Special Procurator's Office for Minors, it had been found, mainly by an
          appropriate medical examination, that while slight external signs caused by
          the minor's exertions on resisting arrest by the police were observed, these
          did not amount to an offence, nor gave rise to any temporary incapacity, nor
          represented any danger for the physical integrity of the minor.
        
          
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          186. Lastly, on 29 October 1996, the Special Rapporteur communicated to the
          Government that he had received information regarding the treatment allegedly
          inflicted on the following minors detained at the prison of San Pedro Sula.
          187. Jthdrés Portillo Flores, 17 years of age, was reported to have been in
          the prison since May 1995. Soon after his arrival, he was said to have been
          raped by two adult prisoners, and subjected to constant sexual abuse for
          approximately one year. Although he had reportedly informed the prison
          authorities, the latter apparently took no action. In May 1996, another adult
          prisoner had allegedly wounded Andrés Portillo with a knife in cell No. 3. In
          addition, Andrés Portillo had reportedly been ill with dengue and had not
          received any medical treatment.
          188. José Danilo Arriaga Quintanilla, 17 years of age, arrived at the prison
          in February 1996. A few weeks later, he tried to escape without success, as a
          result of which he was allegedly beaten by the prison director and several
          guards for approximately three hours. After that, he was reportedly suspended
          from a railing by handcuffs and in that position was said to have been beaten
          on the feet with a truncheon. While he was still in the same position, they
          allegedly introduced the extremity of a hose in his mouth and poured water
          through it. They then reportedly left him hanging for approximately half an
          hour. Despite the fact that he had experienced pains since those events had
          taken place, he had reportedly received no treatment, nor had been examined by
          a physician.
          Hungary
          189. On 10 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted the case of
          Martocean Tiberiu, a Romanian national, who was reportedly beaten all over his
          body by three police officers in an underground station in Moszkva Tér,
          Budapest, on 6 July 1995. He was treated at hospital for concussion, a broken
          rib and contusions on his right leg. The Government replied on 28 August 1996
          that the Disciplinary Subdivision of Budapest Police Headquarters had
          forwarded a complaint filed by Martocean Tiberiu to the Public Prosecutor's
          Investigation Office for investigation. The Hungarian authorities had asked
          for the cooperation of their Romanian counterparts by sending to Romania
          photographs of possible perpetrators for identification by Martocean Tiberiu.
          190. GIbor Fehér was allegedly beaten by three police officers following
          a traffic accident involving an off-duty police officer in Marcali on
          15 July 1995. He received hospital treatment for concussion and bruises on
          his hands, feet and chest. He filed a complaint with the local prosecutor.
          According to the Government, GIbor Fehér had assaulted the off-duty officer
          after the officer had crashed into GIbor Fehér's car. When three other
          officers arrived, GIbor Fehér kicked two of them in the abdomen. The Public
          Prosecutor's office had terminated the proceedings initiated by GIbor Fehér
          for alleged ill-treatment. The Prosecutor brought an indictment against
          GIbor Fehér for “violence against the authorities” and the case was before the
          court. The officer investigating the case determined that the police measures
          were lawful but unprofessional and that other coercive measure would have
          avoided “violence against the authorities”.
        
          
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          191. Marius Carniciu, a Romanian national, and Gianfranco Polidori, an
          Italian national, were stopped by two police officers while driving in
          Budapest on 11 September 1995. Marius Carniciu refused to pay a fine for not
          using his seat belt and took back his passport from the officers, as a result
          of which he was allegedly punched, kicked, handcuffed and subjected to
          ethnic slurs. Gianfranco Polidori was allegedly punched and slapped.
          Marius Carniciu received a medical certificate describing multiple lesions
          and bruises on his body. The Government replied that physical force had
          been used against Carniciu Marius Laurentu after he took back his passport
          from the police officers before the end of the police control procedure.
          Gianfranco Polidori was detained because he was not in possession of identity
          papers. Marius Carniciu Laurentu filed a complaint against a police officer
          for ill-treatment and taking his property. The commanding officer
          investigating the case qualified the use of coercive measures by the police as
          lawful and professional. The Public Prosecutor's Investigation Office of
          Budapest initiated proceedings for ill-treatment and other crimes, but
          terminated the proceedings under article 139(1/B) of the Act on Criminal
          Procedure.
          Urgent appeals
          192. The Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on 15 March 1996
          on behalf of the following Somalian asylum-seekers: Ahmed Hashi Weheliye
          (age 16) , Amina Mohiadin Adow (female, age 14) , Sofiya Ahmad Ali (female,
          age 18) and Hudan Mahmoud Samatar (female, age 17) . They were being detained
          at the international airport in Budapest and faced deportation to the
          Syrian Arab Republic, a country through which they had travelled en route
          to Europe. It was alleged that other asylum-seekers returned to the
          Syrian Arab Republic had been detained and subjected to torture or
          ill-treatment and fears had been expressed that these persons could be
          subjected to similar abuse.
          India
          193. By letter dated 16 September 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted six
          individual cases to the Government. On 7 October 1996 the Government replied
          to some of these cases. The allegations and replies are summarized below.
          194. Mohammad Amin Shah was allegedly struck on the back and heels with an
          iron belt while face down with his hands tied and legs pulled apart at the
          Border Security Forces (BSF) camp at Karan Nagar, Srinagar, following his
          arrest on 29 January 1995. Thereafter he was allegedly tied to a post and
          beaten on the soles of his feet. He was also reportedly made to drink a large
          quantity of water, after which officers sat on his inflated belly, causing him
          to vomit. Electric shocks were also said to have been applied to his arms and
          feet. He was allegedly tortured further at Shergarhi police station and
          forced to sleep on a cold cement floor, which caused his feet and legs to
          swell. He was reportedly denied medical treatment and both feet had to be
          amputated as a result of gangrene after his release. The Government replied
          that Mohammad Amin Shah, an activist of the Jehad Force militant outfit, was
          already suffering from slight frostbite in the toes of both feet at the time
        
          
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          of his arrest and, in view of his ailment, was released after questioning. No
          torture had been inflicted upon him during questioning, but it was likely that
          he had been tortured by a rival group pressuring him to join their ranks.
          195. Feroz Ahmed, reportedly arrested by the BSF on 29 November 1995 and
          tortured in custody, was hospitalized on 12 December 1995 with a gangrenous
          broken leg, acute renal failure, infected blood and multiple contusions.
          Although the leg had been broken for 14 days, he reportedly received no
          medical attention. He remained in the custody of the BSF, without access to
          his lawyer or family, despite the order of the High Court that the family be
          permitted visits. The Government replied that Feroz Ahmed Ganai, chief of the
          Jamiat-ul-Mujahideen group, had fractured his left leg jumping a wall to
          escape from custody. It was set in the BSF hospital, but complications
          developed. He was moved to the Bone and Joint Hospital, where the leg was
          amputated.
          196. Navjot Singh, alias Dunnu, reportedly detained on 17 September 1995 in
          Mohali, was allegedly tortured in custody, including by means of electric
          shocks to sensitive organs. Although on 19 September 1995 the magistrate
          requested that he be placed in judicial remand, the Central Bureau of
          Investigation (CBI), without the permission of the magistrate, reportedly
          transferred him to Delhi, where he was allegedly ill-treated again.
          197. Ramakrishna Reddy and a co-worker identified as Mr. Srirmulu were
          reportedly detained in Madanpalla, Chitoor district, Andra Pradesh, on
          4 April 1996, after two home-made bombs were discovered in their lockers.
          They were allegedly beaten in the factory by two subinspectors before being
          taken to the Taluk police station, where they were allegedly kicked and beaten
          with lathis (wooden poles) and rifle butts. Ramakrishna Reddy died the same
          evening. An inquest by the Revenue Divisional Officer reportedly concluded
          that the death had resulted from torture. The Government of the State of
          Andra Pradesh paid his widow Rs 100 in compensation for the death and the
          Chief Minister reportedly delivered a written apology to her. The Government
          replied that a post-mortem had been conducted, but the final opinion on the
          cause of death was still pending. The magisterial inquiry was still in
          progress.
          198. Jagjit Singh Chohan, an Indian national from Punjab and 17-year resident
          of the United Kingdom, disembarked in Delhi for medical treatment from his
          flight from the United Kingdom to Thailand. In Delhi, as he was to be taken
          to the ambulance, some 20 police personnel allegedly beat him with fists,
          slaps, kicks and a leather belt. They also allegedly dragged him along the
          concrete floor, twisted his ankles and squeezed his testicles. He was
          subsequently returned to London via Bangkok. A doctor examining him upon his
          return diagnosed multiple injuries and concluded that they were consistent
          with his account of ill-treatment. The ill-treatment had apparently occurred
          because of his prior political activities, for which he had been prohibited
          from entering India.
          199. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted to the Government a summary of
          comments he had received from the source of the information with respect to
          the previously transmitted cases of Massom Ali, Kuldip Singh, Abdul Kareem,
          Amarjit Singh, Satish Kumar, Mantosh Karmakar, Muniyandi, Safiq Rehman,
        
          
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          Suresh, Hasan Bundu, Rajesh Singhal, Shankerlal Soni, Manoj Kumar,
          Purushottam Kumar, Han Biswakarma, Romancel Deep, Sobejan Bibi, Dulai Ghorai,
          Fayaz Ahmad Magloo and Raju Bhujel. With respect to a number of these cases,
          the source expressed concern that little progress seemed to have been made in
          investigations or judicial proceedings despite the substantial periods of time
          that had elapsed since the alleged incidents of torture.
          Information received from the Government on cases included in previous reports
          200. On 7 October 1996, the Government transmitted the replies summarized
          below.
          201. On 10 October 1994, the Special Rapporteur transmitted the case of
          Ganesh Bauri, who had died after allegedly being tortured in West Bengal on
          5 July 1993 (see E/CN.4/1995/34, para. 356) . The Government replied that the
          medical officer who examined Ganesh Bauri found no external marks of injury,
          but did find him to be suffering from internal injuries. He was given
          emergency treatment in jail. His death was due to either physical stress,
          prolonged fasting or reasons associated with his disease. The post-mortem had
          not found any evidence of torture.
          202. On 11 April 1995 the Special Rapporteur transmitted the case of
          Ghulam Mohammad Dar, who had allegedly been tortured at an army camp in
          Khannabal on 26 April 1994 (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add. 1, para. 252) . The
          Government replied that an inquiry by the superintendent of Pulwama Police
          district revealed that no case had been registered in regard to the police
          station concerned and that there was no material evidence to establish the
          guilt of army personnel. The army had not conducted any cordon or search
          operation at the date and place in question.
          203. On 11 April 1995 the Special Rapporteur transmitted the case of
          Ghulam Nabbi Sheikh, who was allegedly tortured on 10 May 1994 by security
          forces in Bugdam district, Jammu and Kashmir (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1,
          para. 253) . The Government replied that no complaint or report had been
          lodged by the victim or his relatives at the police station concerned and
          further inquiries had failed to substantiate the allegations.
          204. On 22 September 1995 the Special Rapporteur transmitted the case of
          Nanak Chand, who was allegedly tortured and subsequently died at a police
          station in Palwal Haryana (E/CN.4/1996/35/Add. 1, para. 274). The Government
          replied that Nanak Chand had committed suicide in a police lock-up. An
          autopsy revealed no injuries and concluded that death had been caused by
          asphyxia due to hanging. The assistant subinspector (ASI) who had illegally
          detained him and had extracted a bribe from him was arrested and charged, but
          was later acquitted by a special judge, as witnesses had not supported the
          prosecution case. The ASI and one constable were dismissed from service for
          wrongful confinement and other misconduct and two other constables who were
          found not guilty were reinstated after a suspension. The mother and three
          minor children of the deceased were paid compensation.
          205. On 22 September 1995 the Special Rapporteur transmitted the case of
          Babula Das (E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, para. 287), who was allegedly tortured and
          subsequently died at Khandagiri police station in Orissa. The Government
        
          
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          replied that he had sustained external injuries while trying to escape from
          the police. At Hajat police station he complained of severe chest pain and
          was immediately given medical attention, but he became unconscious and died.
          Jth inquiry failed to find any evidence of torture by the police and the post
          mortem determined that his death had been due to cardiac failure resulting
          from heart disease. There were some external marks on his body, but the
          injuries would not have been sufficient to have caused death in the normal
          course of events. Two suspended police officers were found innocent, as a
          police inquiry had failed to reveal excesses by the police. A payment was
          made to the family of the deceased.
          206. On 22 September 1995, the Special Rapporteur transmitted the case of
          Balwinder Singh, who was allegedly tortured to death at Gurdaspur police
          station in Punjab (E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, para. 288). The Government replied
          that he had never been arrested nor detained at Gurdaspur police station, as
          he was not wanted in any case in the district.
          Urgent appeals transmitted and replies received
          207. On 5 January 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal
          on behalf of Syed Sad Uddin Gilani, aged 70, and Syed Jaffer Shah Gilani,
          aged 65, the father and uncle respectively of Syed Nazir Gilani, the
          representative to the United Nations of the non-governmental organization
          World Society of Victimology. They were reportedly arrested on
          19 December 1995 and were being held at the interrogation centre for the
          Assam Rashtriya Rifles in Jammu and Kashmir, allegedly in connection with the
          human rights activities of Syed Nazir Gilani. It was also alleged that
          Syed Nazir Gilani's brother, Syed Shabbir Ahmad Gilani, had been tortured in
          custody before being released. On 22 January 1996 the Government replied that
          Syed Sad Uddin Gilani and Syed Jaffer Shah Gilani had been detained on
          suspicion of harbouring militants and having an arms dump in their orchards.
          They had been charged and released on bail on 4 January 1996.
          208. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 25 March 1996 on behalf
          of some 180 Bhutanese people residing in refugee camps in eastern Nepal, who
          were arrested in Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, by Indian police on
          19 March 1996. They had been participating in a march through India to Bhutan
          to publicize the plight of the Bhutanese people in the refugee camps. During
          their arrest, many of the refugees were allegedly kicked and beaten, as a
          result of which 10 persons sustained serious injuries, including one who was
          left in serious condition. On 11 April 1996 the Government replied that
          because it feared a breach of the peace resulting from planned marches, the
          administration of Jalapaiguri and Darjeeling districts had promulgated orders
          prohibiting all gatherings of over four persons in certain border areas with
          effect from 3 January 1996. As the group of 188 Bhutanese refugees had
          proceeded towards Jalpaiguru district headquarters, they were arrested. They
          resisted arrest, and mild - not excessive - force was used to restrain them.
          Any apprehension regarding their ill-treatment in custody was unwarranted.
          The detainees were being held in Jalpaiguru jail under judicial custody.
        
          
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          Indonesia
          209. By letter dated 11 July 1996, the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the
          Government a number of cases of alleged torture, to which the Government, in a
          letter dated 20 October 1996, provided replies as summarized in the following
          paragraphs.
          210. Some 150 villagers from West Jakarta were reportedly stopped by military
          and police officers in January 1995 while en route to present a claim against
          a land appropriation to the Indonesia Administrative Court. Twenty persons
          were detained for questioning, 10 of whom were transferred to the military
          intelligence unit. One of the detainees, whose identity was withheld for fear
          of reprisals, was allegedly slapped, kicked, subjected to electric shocks and
          threatened with rape. She was said to have heard the screams of the other
          detainees being tortured. The Government replied that no plaintiffs in the
          land dispute case nor any of the demonstrators had been taken into custody,
          tortured or ill-treated.
          211. Sutarjinah, a woman detained at Wirogunan prison, Yogyakarta, was
          reportedly struck by a prison guard in March 1994. She was subsequently
          transferred to an isolation cell for 24 hours, allegedly without medical
          treatment, and was later discovered semi-conscious and vomiting in the cell.
          The Government replied that she had been arrested in January 1994 on charges
          of embezzlement and had been detained in a cell specifically designed for
          women. During her detention she had been visited by her family and a local
          lawyer and had not been tortured or ill-treated as alleged.
          212. Joäo da Araoujo, reportedly detained on 20 March 1995 in Dili,
          East Timor, in connection with demonstrations which had occurred in
          November 1994, was allegedly subjected to torture at the premises of the
          military intelligence unit, SGI. The torture was said to include severe
          beatings, which left him unable to breathe properly. The Government replied
          that Joäo de Araujo, a staff member of the provincial government of East Timor
          who had prepared the visit of an Australian priest to East Timor in
          November 1994, had not been connected to any criminal activities nor to any
          other acts that would warrant his arrest.
          213. Bobby Xavier was reportedly arrested on 26 December 1994 and detained
          at SGI premises in Dili. He was allegedly subjected to electric shocks
          through wires attached to his ears, neck, hands and feet, cut on the forehead
          with a razor blade and beaten until he lost consciousness. The Government
          replied that Bobby Xavier was a member of the armed separatist movement
          convicted in connection with a murder in 1992. He could not have been
          arrested and tortured on the date alleged, since he was already serving his
          term of imprisonment at that time.
          214. Valente da Cruz, an ex-Subdistrict head, José Velho, Odengo, Delfim,
          Martinho Lima, Joäo da Costa, Domingos da Cruz, Domingos Berquelho and
          Almarrindo were reportedly detained by members of the SGI on 10 November 1995
          in the village of Leohat, Soibada, Manatuto district. They were allegedly
          held in isolation and subjected to beatings, including with iron bars, and
          electric shocks. The Government replied that Valente da Cruz and José Velho
          had never been detained, tortured or ill-treated and had in fact helped
        
          
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          the local authorities prepare for a visit from an Australian priest to
          Leohat village. Dlfino Calaste (“Delfim”), Odeno de Jesus (“Odengo”),
          Martinho de Lima, Joäo da Costa, Domingos da Cruz, Dominggus Berguhlo and
          Armarrindo were arrested on 13 November 1995 at a house owned by a member of
          the armed separatist movement. The police did not find enough evidence during
          the interrogation to prove that the detainees had owned, used or known about
          the weapons found at the house. They were accordingly released. They had not
          been tortured or ill-treated during their arrest or interrogation, which a
          lawyer had attended.
          215. The Special Rapporteur provided the Government with follow-up
          information to the urgent appeal he had transmitted on 11 January 1995 on
          behalf of José Antonio Belo, who was allegedly beaten in detention in Dili on
          9 January 1995. According to the reply of the Government of 16 January 1995,
          he had not been beaten or otherwise ill-treated or tortured. A subsequent
          report received from the source of the information alleged that José Antonio
          Belo was tied up and hung upside down overnight and then beaten with sticks
          and wires and subjected to electric shocks and forced to sign statements. He
          was reportedly sentenced by the Dili District Court on 8 May to 18 months'
          imprisonment after his conviction on charges of “expressing hostility to the
          Government” . The Government replied that the challenge of its previous
          clarification that José Antonio Belo had not been tortured or ill-treated was
          disturbing. An official clarification regarding a detainee, whose well-being
          had also been confirmed by the International Committee of the Red Cross
          (ICRC) , should be received with greater credibility than an allegation
          launched by anti-Indonesian elements residing in Western Europe.
          Information received from the Government with respect to cases mentioned in
          previous reports
          216. In his letter of 11 July 1996 the Special Rapporteur reminded the
          Government of allegations he had transmitted on 4 July 1994 and 19 May 1995
          regarding which no replies had been received (see E/CN.4/1995/344,
          paras. 381-391 and E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, paras. 344-352) . On 20 October 1996,
          the Government replied to these cases, as summarized in the paragraphs below.
          217. Riswan Lubis, an independent trade union leader allegedly beaten
          following his arrest in Medan in April 1994. The Government reported that he
          had been treated well and all of his rights to due process of law had been
          guaranteed. In May 1995 he completed an eight-month term of imprisonment for
          inciting mass unrest. He subsequently stated in an interview with the media
          that he had not been subjected to ill-treatment during his detention.
          218. Sukiman (alias lusuf), a labour activist allegedly tortured by police in
          Medan on 1 March 1994. The Government reported that his name was in fact
          Sulaiman lusuf and he had been involved in labour negotiations with Industri
          Karet Deli. During the negotiations none of the labour activists, including
          Sulaiman lusuf, had been subjected to pressure, torture or ill-treatment.
          219. Marsinah, a labour activist allegedly tortured and killed in May 1993.
          The Government reported that the military officers who had committed
          violations of the Indonesian Criminal Code as well the Military Code were
          convicted by a court of law, sentenced to a six-year prison term and relieved
        
          
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          of their military duties. The civilian defendants were released because their
          testimonies had been made under duress. The officers in charge of the
          investigation were brought to the court.
          220. Edo, Effendi Saman, Eli, Este Adi, Hadi Ciptono, Irwan, Semsar Siahaan,
          ludhi and N. S. Rendra, allegedly detained and beaten by police in Jakarta on
          27 June 1994 following demonstrations against the banning of three news
          magazines. According to the Government, no arrests, beatings, torture or
          ill-treatment had taken place.
          221. Junyonto, aged nine, and his parents, Dasmen and Sudarmo, allegedly
          tortured at the police station in Indramayu, West Java. According to the
          Government, Junyonto and a friend had been caught in the act of pick-pocketing
          and the court had decided that he should be returned to his parents. Neither
          he nor his parents had been tortured or ill-treated, although his accomplice
          had suffered minor injuries while resisting arrest.
          222. Sapto Rahardjo, lulianto Bernady, Thomas Henry Kurniawanto and Ellyasa
          Budianto, labour activists allegedly tortured or ill-treated in custody by
          military officials in Jakarta in September 1994. The Government reported that
          they had not been detained, tortured or ill-treated.
          223. With respect to allegations of widespread instances of incommunicado
          detention in East Timor, the Government noted that the ICRC had unrestricted
          access to places of detention and provided the replies to the individual cases
          summarized below.
          224. Salvador Sarmento, a student allegedly tortured nearly to death by
          police in Dili on 4 January 1994. The Government replied that he had been
          arrested on subversion charges on 7 February 1994, but the police had
          concluded that he was not involved in subversive activities or acts
          endangering public security. He was released the following day, having been
          visited by the ICRC during and after his detention. He was never tortured or
          ill-treated.
          225. Benevides Correia Barros and Francisco Almeida Godinho, allegedly
          tortured by soldiers after they were observed taking photographs in a field in
          Maliana. The Government reported that they had been arrested by the police,
          not the SGI, on 15 October 1993 in Baucau. Francisco Almeida Godinho's name
          was actually Franciso Almeida Santos. They were charged with taking
          photographs of a military installation and were sentenced to two months'
          imprisonment. They were not tortured or ill-treated.
          226. Adelino Gomes Fonseca reportedly died as a result of beatings following
          his arrest in Baucau on 24 December 1992. According to the Government, he
          had been a member of the separatist movement in East Timor and had died in
          an exchange of fire with security forces in eastern East Timor in late
          November 1992.
          227. Fernando Boavida, allegedly tortured to death in Baucau between
          24 and 27 December 1992. According to the Government, he had been one of a
          number of members of the clandestine movement who had surrendered following
        
          
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          the arrest of Xanana Gusmäo in November 1992. Many of these persons,
          including Fernando Boadvido, were subsequently given amnesty.
          Fernando Boavida was not dead, but was living as a farmer in southern
          East Timor.
          228. With respect to the case of Fernando de Araujo, which was transmitted to
          the Special Rapporteur by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention following
          the Working Group's decision that he had been arbitrarily detained, the
          Government stated that he had been visited by the ICRC during his detention
          and imprisonment and had never been tortured or otherwise ill-treated.
          229. Amaräo dos Santos, identified as the village head of Haupu, Letefoho,
          Ermera, East Timor, was allegedly beaten severely by military officers in
          January 1994. According to the Government, his name was actually Amaral dos
          Santos and he was in fact an East Timorese policeman and the relative of the
          traditional leader of Haupu. The allegations that he had been beaten by the
          military were uncorroborated and clearly made no sense for “obvious reasons”.
          230. Mateus Alfonso, allegedly arrested by soldiers in Taci Tolu
          on 23 July 1994 and subsequently beaten publicly. The Government reported
          that he had been arrested on 24 July 1994 and released a few hours later and
          that he had been provided with a lawyer during interrogation. He was never
          tortured or ill-treated.
          231. Domingas da Silva, allegedly beaten severely by plainclothes officers
          following a demonstration in Dili, East Timor, in November 1994. The
          Government reported that he had in fact been beaten by anti-integration
          elements, as he had been a supporter of integration.
          232. Hendrique Belmiro da Costa, allegedly tortured by military intelligence
          officials in Dili in November 1994. The Government reported that following a
          demonstration, he had served a prison term on charges relating to armed
          separatism from 1984 to 1989 and had not been arrested again since that time.
          Urgent appeals sent and replies received
          233. Martinho Pereira was reportedly arrested on 4 December 1995 by military
          personnel in Surabaya, East Java, in connection with demonstrations by a
          number of East Timorese persons at several foreign embassies. In addition,
          32 persons who had staged a protest at the Dutch Embassy on 7 December 1996
          were said to have been arrested (21 December 1995) . On 10 January 1996 the
          Government replied that Martinho Pereira had been arrested on 3 December 1995
          on charges of fund-raising for an armed separatist group and had been released
          for lack of evidence on 3 January 1996. During questioning he was not
          tortured or ill-treated. With respect to the 32 persons allegedly arrested at
          the Dutch Embassy, they had left the embassy voluntarily and the Government
          had not taken any action against them.
          234. Jerry Kogoya, Edison Murip, Fidelis Songgohau, Arsinus Murip,
          Otto Dianal, Tinus Waker and Juaringgo Kogoya were reportedly arrested on
          10 March 1996 in Irian Jaya in connection with riots which had broken out in
          Tembagapura and had spread to neighbouring towns (15 March 1996) . On
          30 March 1996 the Government replied that the above-mentioned persons had been
        
          
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          released after questioning and that two of them had flown to Jakarta to meet
          with the State Minister for National Development Planning to express their
          grievances. None had been tortured or ill-treated.
          235. Between 20 and 50 persons were reportedly arrested near Jayapura,
          Irian Jaya, on 18 March 1996, in the wake of rioting which broke out following
          the arrival at Jayapura airport of the body of Dr. Thomas Wainggai, who had
          died in Cipinmang prison, Jakarta during the previous week. Some of the
          detainees were allegedly beaten upon arrest (20 March 1996) . On 26 April 1996
          the Government replied that Thomas Wainggai, who had been serving a 20-year
          prison term for proclaiming Irian Jaya an independent Melanesian State in
          1988, had died on the way to hospital of a heart attack, as confirmed by an
          ICRC representative. Local students and youths who had congregated to pay
          their last respects in Abepua near Jayapura airport had defied calls from the
          security units to observe law and order and had started to smash cars and set
          buildings on fire. A number of arrests were made and all but 39 arrested
          persons were released. The persons remaining in detention would be brought to
          justice in accordance with the principles of due process of law and equality
          before the law of all citizens.
          236. An urgent appeal was made in conjunction with the Special Rapporteur on
          freedom of opinion and expression and the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial,
          summary or arbitrary execution concerning a confrontation between university
          students protesting a rise in transport fares and military personnel, which
          had reportedly broken out in Ujung Padang, Sulawesi, on 22 April 1996. On
          24 April 1996 some 212 students and security force members were apparently
          wounded. A number of demonstrators had reportedly been shot and three
          students, Andi Sultan, Syaiful and Adnan, died, allegedly after being
          subjected to severe beatings. A number of students were reported to be in
          custody, including some at District Military Command (KODIM) in Ujung Pandang
          (26 April 1996) . On 10 May 1996 the Government replied that on 22 and
          23 April the demonstration by the students had been peaceful, but after the
          Association of Public Transport Drivers commenced a counter-demonstration to
          call for higher fares on 24 April, a confrontation broke out between the two
          groups. Buses, vans, houses and offices in the areas were destroyed and
          innocent bystanders were attacked and injured by uncontrolled and aggressive
          students. In attempting to restore public order, the security forces used
          rubber bullets, tear gas, water cannons and other standard instruments, but
          not live ammunition. The three persons who died, whose correct names were
          Syaiful Bya, Andi Sultan Iskandar and Tarif, had drowned after jumping into
          the Pampang river in the ensuing chaos. Those involved in criminal acts had
          been arrested, but had not been subjected to any ill-treatment whatsoever.
          The VIIth Military District Command appointed an investigation team. Three
          senior officers and nine privates were to face military court in this regard
          in May 1996. The Chief of Staff for Political Affairs of the Armed Forces had
          publicly stated that the incident was regrettable and should never have
          happened and the officers responsible for mishandling the demonstration would
          be brought to justice. The National Commission, in its preliminary
          investigation, had stated to the press that it regretted the incident and that
          there were indications of possible irresponsible conduct by the security
          officers.
        
          
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          237. An urgent appeal was made in conjunction with the Chairman of the
          Working Group on Arbitrary Detention on behalf of a number of persons
          reportedly arrested by police in Baucau, East Timor, since 10 June 1996, when
          disturbances broke out in connection with religious tensions between the
          Roman Catholics and Muslim communities. A number of youths had reportedly
          thrown stones at members of the security forces and, in response, the security
          forces allegedly fired on the youths. Subsequently, the security forces were
          reported to have conducted house-to-house searches in the area (13 June 1996)
          On 19 June 1996 the Government replied that a group of rampaging East Timorese
          had beaten up vendors and bystanders and set fire to and looted shops. A
          police officer had been stabbed and two others had been severely injured.
          Thirteen rioters caught with weapons had been arrested. Their safety in
          custody had been protected and due process of law had been guaranteed.
          238. The following persons were reportedly detained in connection with
          disturbances which occurred in the context of the operations by the security
          forces at the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) office in Jakarta on
          27 July 1996: Hendrik Didson Sirait, Lisa Febrianti, Trio Yohanus Mulyato,
          Zainal Abidin, I Sunarman Purwosaputro, Patriatno Tintin, Agus Sukarmanto and
          Syamsul Bachri, Coen Hussein Pontoh, Dita Sari Mohammad Shaleh. In an
          unrelated context, Nivio Sarmento was reportedly arrested by members of the
          SGI on 23 July 1996 in Dili, East Timor and was interrogated at SGI
          headquarters before being transferred to police headquarters (POLWIL) in
          Comoro, Dili (9 August 1996) . On 20 September 1996 the Government replied
          that there had been no operations by the security forces on 27 July 1996. In
          fighting between the Suryadi and Megawati faction at the PDI premises, the
          police had not conducted operations against the PDI office, but rather had
          localized the fighting. Hendrik Dikson Sirait was arrested on 27 July 1996 by
          the police while engaged in violent activities; Lisa Febrianti was arrested on
          3 August 1996 on charges of involvement in a violent demonstration in East
          Java on 8-9 July 1996; Trio Yoanes Mulyate Marpaung was arrested on
          5 August 1996 and detained by the police for involvement in the illegal
          activities of the so-called People's Democratic Party (PRD) ; Zainal Jthidin was
          arrested on 7 August 1996 for involvement in organizing a violent
          demonstration in East Java and several other incidents; Agus Sukarmoanto was
          never arrested nor detained in Solo; Syamsul Bachri was detained by police on
          4 August in Jakarta on charges of involvement in the illegal activities of
          PRD; Coen Hussein Pontoh, Ditah Indah Sari And Soleh were detained on
          9 July 1996 for their initiative in organizing a violent demonstration in
          East Java. Their rights to due process were guaranteed, they were represented
          by lawyers and were treated humanely. Nivio Sarmento was a civil servant of
          the provincial government of East Timor and was never arrested or detained by
          the police or other security forces.
          239. Suwingo was reportedly arrested in Jakarta on 3 September 1996 because
          of his alleged connections with the unofficial PRD political group. His
          whereabouts were unknown, but it was believed that he might be held in
          military custody (9 September 1996)
          240. Nia Damayanti and Bulan, both female students said to be PRD members,
          were reportedly being held incommunicado along with a third student by the
          Regional Coordinating Agency for the Maintenance of National Stability
          (Bakorstanasda) in Surabaya (23 September 1996)
        
          
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          241. Azito Freitas, a student from Ossoluga in Samalari, Baucau district,
          East Timor, was reportedly arrested on 28 October 1996 on suspicion of
          involvement in the killing of Juliao Fragao, a military commander. He was
          said to have been tortured while under interrogation at Baucau police station,
          as a result of which he suffered a broken arm. On 20 November 1996 the
          Government replied that law enforcement officials had not detained, arrested
          or ill-treated Azito Freitas (8 November 1996)
          Iran (Islamic Republic of )
          242. By letter dated 16 September 1996 the Special Rapporteur referred the
          Government to the urgent appeals he had made on 24 November 1995 and
          25 January 1996 (see below) on behalf of a number of detained supporters of
          the Grand Ayatollah Shirazi. According to information he subsequently
          received, four additional supporters of the Grand Ayatollah had been detained
          and most, if not all, of these and the previously detained persons had been
          subjected to torture. The methods of torture allegedly used included beatings
          on the soles of the feet and beating the head with cables; burns, including
          with cigarettes, sometimes to the tips of the fingers; prolonged enforced
          standing, sometimes on one leg; detention in extremely confined spaces;
          suspension by the hands, ankles or other body parts, sometimes from a rotating
          ceiling fan; application of electric shocks; exposure to severe cold for long
          periods; plucking of the hair; shackling the arms in painful positions; and
          prolonged sleep deprivation. A number of the detainees have reportedly since
          been released. The detainees were identified as follows: Hojjatoleslam val
          muslimin Mohammad Taqi al-Dhakeri; Hojjatoleslam val muslimin ‘Abdolrahman
          al-Ha'eri (since released); Hojjatoleslam val muslimin Sayed ‘Abdolrasul
          al-Musawi (since released) ; Hajjatoleslam val muslimin Sayed Morteza Shirazi;
          Hojjatoleslam val muslimin Ja'far Ghani al-Ha'eri (since released);
          Hojjatoleslam Taleb al-Salehi; Hojjatoleslam Mohammad Fazel Mohammad
          al-Saffar; Hojjatoleslam Mohammad ‘Ali Ma'ash (since released); Hojjatoleslam
          Mohammad Saleh Hedayati; Hojjatoleslam Sayed Abbas Musawi (since released)
          Sighatoleslam Fu'ad Fujian; Mohammad al-Ghaffari; Hadi al-Akhound al-Dhakeri;
          lyad Fujian (since released); Ahmad Akhound (since released); Jalal Akhound
          (since released); Hojjatoleslam val muslimin Sayed Mehdi Shirazi (reportedly
          arrested on 19 June 1996 while driving from Qom to Tehran) ; Ali al-Rumaythi
          (reportedly arrested on 19 June 1996 in Qom) ; Sheikh Hossein al-Dhakeri
          (reportedly arrested on 20 June 1996 in Qom; since released); Hojjatoleslam
          Sheikh Azizollah Hassani (reportedly arrested on 20 or 21 June 1996 in Tehran;
          since released)
          Urgent appeals transmitted
          243. On 25 January 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal
          on behalf of a number of followers of Grand Ayatollah Shirazi who had
          reportedly been arrested by the security forces, some of whom had been the
          subject of a previous appeal on 30 November 1995 (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1,
          para. 365) . According to further information received by the
          Special Rapporteur, two of the detainees, Sayed Morteza Shirazi and
          Mohammad al-Ghaffari, were allegedly tortured in custody and Mohammad
          al-Ghaffari was hospitalised for internal bleeding. In addition, the
          following additional followers of Grand Ayatollah Shirazi were arrested:
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          Hojjatoleslam val muslimin Ja'far Ghani al-Ha'eri (arrested
          30 September 1995) ; Hojjatoleslam Mohammad Saleh Hedayati (arrested in Qom
          17 October 1995); Hojjatoleslam Sayed Abbas Musawi (arrested in Qom on
          6 December 1996); and Ahmad Akhound and Jalal Akhound (both arrested in Tehran
          in early January 1996) . All of these persons, as well as the persons named in
          the appeal of 30 November, were said to remain in incommunicado detention at
          an unknown location.
          244. On 7 February 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on
          behalf of Abbas Maroufi, editor of the magazine Gardoon , who had reportedly
          been sentenced between 22 and 26 January 1996 to six months' imprisonment and
          35 lashes for “publishing lies”, insulting the former leader of the Islamic
          Republic and publishing poems considered immoral.
          245. On 6 May 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal in
          conjunction with the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary
          executions on behalf of Mehrdad Kavoussi, a member of the People's Mojahedin
          Organization of Iran, who had sought asylum in Turkey. He was reportedly
          arrested by Turkish police in Agri, Turkey, on 30 April 1996, while
          accompanied by a lawyer from the Office of the United Nations High
          Commissioner for Refugees who was to assist him to register as an asylum
          seeker. He was forcibly returned to Iran on the same day. It was alleged
          that he had previously been imprisoned and tortured in Iran for his political
          activities.
          246. On 6 August 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal in
          conjunction with the Special Representative on the situation of human rights
          in the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the reported resumption of
          amputations as punishment for certain criminal offences. The State Prosecutor
          had reportedly announced on 25 July 1996 that amputations for theft were to be
          resumed in order to stem rising levels of crime. Under the new policy,
          persons so punished would have four fingers amputated on the right hand for a
          first offence and those convicted of a second theft offence would have the
          toes of the left foot amputated. Shortly after the announcement by the State
          Prosecutor, amputations of the fingers were allegedly carried out in Tehran
          upon six persons who had more than one theft conviction. A number of other
          convicted thieves had reportedly been taken from prison to witness the
          amputations. The Special Representative and the Special Rapporteur appealed
          to the Government to ensure that no further amputations or other corporal
          punishment was carried out against persons convicted of criminal offences.
          Israel
          247. By letter dated 11 July 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information on the cases of alleged torture
          summarized in the paragraphs below.
          248. Fadi Jthu-Meizar, a 14-year-old reportedly arrested in Wadi Joz on
          29 March 1994, was allegedly slapped and punched repeatedly, threatened with
          rape, denied food, and prevented from relieving himself, over the course of
          two days' interrogation at the Russian Compound in Jerusalem. The
          ill-treatment was reportedly inflicted so that he would confess to having set
          cars afire, an allegation that he had denied.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          249. Fadi ‘Abdallah Said Saffi, a resident of Jalazon Refugee Camp,
          Ramallah, was reportedly arrested by General Security Service (aSS) officers
          on 4 May 1994. He was allegedly stamped upon and hit on the head with a rifle
          by soldiers in the military vehicle on the way to Ramallah prison. Over the
          next 14 days, he was allegedly interrogated under torture, which included
          being forced to sit almost constantly on an exceedingly small wooden chair
          while his hands and legs were cuffed ( shabeh ) ; being deprived of food and
          water; being exposed to continuous loud music; being placed in a small closet;
          and receiving threats that family members would be arrested, that he would be
          raped and that his house would be demolished. After allegedly being beaten on
          the head with a shoe, he agreed to make a confession. After spending
          10 months in al-Far'a prison, he was sentenced to five years' imprisonment,
          with three years and two months suspended.
          250. Mahdi Muhammad Husein Suleiman Shakrour was reportedly arrested in
          Hawara, Nablus, by soldiers on 18 May 1994. At an interrogation centre in
          Tulkarem he was allegedly subjected to torture to get him to confess to
          membership of Hamas, including repeated beatings all over the body, kicks to
          the testicles, and sleep deprivation. After he confessed to throwing stones,
          his interrogators asked him to give them the names of other persons allegedly
          involved. His detention was extended by the court for 30 days, after which he
          was allegedly subjected to further torture, including having his testicles
          squeezed repeatedly and beatings, which caused him to faint. After 19 days he
          reportedly agreed to sign a document in Hebrew, which he could not read. He
          was subsequently sentenced to a period of imprisonment based on his confession
          of having thrown stones.
          251. Muhammad Mahmoud Ibrahim Shafoud, aged 15, was reportedly arrested on
          23 April 1995 at his home near a refugee camp in Bethlehem, under accusation
          of throwing stones. He was allegedly beaten all over his head and his body,
          causing him to bleed from the ear. He was released after eight days.
          252. Fa'ed ‘Atef lunis ‘Awashra was allegedly beaten all over his body by six
          soldiers with hands, rifle butts and sticks in Ramallah on 29 June 1995. At
          the military compound in Ramallah he was accused of participating in
          demonstrations and throwing stones. He was allegedly handcuffed, blindfolded
          and hooded with a foul-smelling cloth and his feet were tied to the legs of a
          small chair. He was left in that position for a number of hours. He was
          subsequently taken to a building in Bethlehem, where he was reportedly beaten
          severely on the legs and arms, his head was repeatedly slammed against a wall
          and he was subjected to mock executions with a rope and threatened with death.
          He was released on 19 October 1995.
          253. Ghassan Badran Bader Jaber, a 12-year-old reportedly detained by
          soldiers on 29 September 1995 in Hebron under accusation of having set up
          road blocks, was allegedly beaten with an object on the back and neck at the
          Bab-al Zawy military checkpoint. He was taken to a garage area, where he was
          allegedly punched and kicked repeatedly all over the body by soldiers and a
          number of civilians, whom he believed to be Israeli settlers. He was treated
          at hospital for injuries to his neck, back, thighs, nose and head. The
          charges against him were eventually withdrawn.
        
          
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          254. Abdel Rahman Abdel Ahmar, reportedly arrested in Bethlehem in
          November 1995 in connection with alleged activities of the Popular Front for
          the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) , was transferred from Meggido prison to the
          Russian Compound on 15 February 1996, where he was allegedly tortured during
          20 days of incommunicado detention. The torture was said to include: tight
          shackling, causing him to lose sensation in his fingers; hooding with a heavy
          sack; being chained to a very small chair at an awkward angle so as to create
          extreme pressure to his stomach and lower back and causing him to vomit
          several times per day; prolonged enforced standing while chained to objects;
          exposure to extremely cold air; intensive and repeated shaking of the head,
          causing him to lose consciousness; allowing him to sleep only every fourth day
          for two to four hours; and death threats. On 21 March, a judge refused the
          request of his lawyer to order a halt to the torture. He was subsequently
          held in a very small cell for the next two weeks and allegedly exposed to
          harsh light and loud music. Despite severe back pain and vomiting, he was
          given some pills by the prison doctors, rather than a medical examination.
          A complaint filed by his lawyer to the police investigation branch regarding
          his torture was said to have gone unanswered.
          255. Bassem Nairuch, reportedly arrested in Hebron on 4 March 1996, was held
          incommunicado at the Sharon detention facility and the Kishon facility until
          31 March. At the Sharon facility, he was allegedly subjected to tight
          shackling of his hands and feet, which restricted his circulation; beatings
          all over the body, including the genital area; and severe shaking of his head.
          He was reportedly denied necessary medical attention for what he suspected was
          a broken bone in his finger. Bassem Nairuch was later transferred to
          administrative detention in Meggido prison.
          256. Ma'i Adnan Abu Tabaneh, reportedly detained incommunicado for at
          least 19 days in Ashkelon prison during March 1996, was allegedly subjected
          to a number of sessions of shaking and forced to sit in painful positions
          on 11 March.
          257. Walid Karageh was allegedly subjected to interrogation under torture at
          Shikma prison from 4 April to 14 May 1996. The torture was said to include
          shabeh and long periods of sleep deprivation.
          258. Raad Sunuqrut was reportedly arrested on 14 March 1996 in Hebron.
          During his interrogation through 5 April at Kishon detention centre, he was
          allegedly subjected to shabeh ; hooding; exposure to loud music; exposure to
          very cold air; tight handcuffing, which constricted the circulation in his
          wrist; sleep deprivation; and shaking. As a result of the torture, he
          reportedly suffered from headaches and infections in his knees, gums and jaw.
          His lawyer filed a complaint with the Justice Ministry against his treatment,
          but the results of the investigation were unknown.
          259. Muhamad Mujahed was reportedly detained on 11 April 1996 in Hebron. At
          the Sharon detention centre he was allegedly hooded and forced to sit on a low
          stool with his hands cuffed behind his back, so as to create great pressure on
          his spine. He was also reportedly subjected to sleep deprivation, constant
          loud music and threats that he would be left crippled and that his family
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          would be deported and his house demolished. Two other detainees held in
          Sarong detention centre with Muhammad Mujahed, Ashraf Abu Markiyeh and Eyad
          Mujahed, were also reported to have undergone similar abuse.
          Information received from the Government on cases appearing in previous
          reports
          260. By letter dated 11 November 1996 the Government replied to the cases
          that the Special Rapporteur had transmitted on 14 July 1995 (see
          E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, paras. 388-94). The replies are summarized in the
          paragraphs below.
          261. With respect to Muhammad Ya'qub ‘Abd al-Qder a-Nubani, who was allegedly
          tortured under GSS interrogation in Ramallah in April 1993, his lawyer had
          made several complaints about his client's treatment to a judge at a hearing
          on 23 May 1993 and the judge had ordered that he be examined by a doctor and
          given the opportunity to rest and bathe. In response to an inquiry by an
          Israeli Knesset (Parliament) member, the State Attorney's Office had
          investigated the case and determined that the alleged victim's interrogation
          had been carried out according to the legal guidelines prohibiting all forms
          of torture and maltreatment. When he had been questioned during the review of
          his case, he had complained of neither the interrogation methods, his medical
          care nor prison conditions and had stated that his health had improved since
          the start of his internment. He also said he had not been subjected to
          humiliating treatment. He had been suffering from back pains prior to his
          arrest and had been examined by a doctor at his request 10 times.
          262. With respect to ‘Abd a-Nasser ‘Ali ‘Issa ‘Ubeid, who was allegedly
          tortured by the GSS at the Russian Compound in Jerusalem following his arrest
          on 30 August 1993, his complaint of ill-treatment had been forwarded to the
          police, who were in the process of investigating it.
          263. With respect to al-Abd a-Nasser Isma'il Hussein al-Qaysi, who was
          allegedly tortured by the GSS in Ramallah following his arrest on
          10 August 1994, extensive efforts had been made to trace him, but no record
          existed of his having been arrested by the GSS.
          264. With respect to Amjad Zeghayer, who was reportedly tortured in Ramallah
          prison following his arrest on 12 August 1994, his solicitor had complained
          before a judge at the Magistrate's Court about the treatment he had been
          subjected to during questioning. The Special Department for the
          Investigations of Police Misconduct had thoroughly investigated the complaint.
          The file was closed on 13 November 1994 because the findings did not indicate
          any basis upon which action should be taken against those involved in the
          detainee ‘ s interrogation.
          265. With respect to Hamed As'ad Hamed al-Kuni, a 17-year-old allegedly
          tortured in Nablus prison following his arrest on 24 October 1994, the
          complaint submitted to the Attorney General by his lawyer was thoroughly
          investigated. However, the complainant failed to respond to a summons
          requesting him to give evidence regarding the alleged misconduct and the file
          was subsequently closed.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          266. With respect to Ziyad al-Qawasma, who was allegedly tortured in Ramallah
          prison following his arrest on 13 November 1994, an investigator from the
          Ministry of Justice had met with him following his complaint to hear the
          details from him directly. He told the investigator that he had no complaints
          and that his interrogation had not been particularly difficult. He had no
          desire to cooperate with the authorities in determining whether or not his
          interrogators had acted within the framework of the law. The findings of the
          investigation did not indicate any basis upon which steps should be taken
          against his interrogators.
          267. With respect to Abed el-Samed Harizat, who reportedly died following
          torture in the Russian Compound on 27 April 1995, it had been crucial to
          obtain information that would lead to the arrest of fellow members of the
          Az al-Din al-Kassam squad in Hebron and thereby save many innocent lives.
          Thus, the exceptional measure of shaking had been permitted to extract the
          vital information. The autopsy found that he had died of a subdural oedema of
          the brain, but no evidence was detected of beating or external trauma. It was
          assumed that the oedema was caused by having his shoulders shaken by one of
          the investigators, although it was not possible to rule out the cumulative
          effect of a number of shakings by other investigators. There had never
          previously been a case of death resulting from shaking during an interrogation
          and, according to expert medical opinion, the probability of death as a result
          of shaking was small. The State Attorney concluded that the investigators
          could not have foreseen the possibility of causing death, so no criminal
          charges were pressed. One investigator had deviated from the guidelines and
          he was brought before a disciplinary tribunal and reprimanded. The Attorney
          General subsequently ordered that shaking could only be employed in
          exceptional circumstances with the express permission of a senior officer in
          charge of ass investigations. Additional safeguards concerning the use of
          shaking during particularly critical investigations were incorporated and
          additional supervisory measures were taken. The allegations that the deceased
          had been placed in a cell with five Palestinian collaborators or that he had
          been beaten or struck against a wall was found to be without basis.
          Urgent appeals transmitted and replies received
          268. ‘Ala Omar Abu Ayyash, Khaldun Abu Ayyash and ‘Abd al-Halim Belbaysi were
          reportedly undergoing interrogation at Ashkelon prison and had allegedly been
          subjected to violent shaking and prolonged sleep deprivation while tied to
          small stools in painful positions (22 December 1995)
          269. Fu'ad Shamasneh was reportedly arrested on 9 April 1996 and served with
          a six-month administrative detention order. He was transferred to Megiddo
          prison on 26 April and to al-Jelameh prison on 26 May. He had allegedly been
          hooded with a sack, deprived of sleep, kept in painful positions, and his arm
          was apparently dislocated. ‘Ali Diya, a Lebanese national and journalist for
          Agence France Presse, the Lebanese newspaper al-Safir and “Future Television”,
          was reportedly being held incommunicado at Kishon prison in Israel on
          suspicion of collaboration with Hizbullah. On 25 July 1996 the Government
          informed the Special Rapporteur that he had been released on 19 July 1996
          (24 June 1996)
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          270. The following persons were reportedly arrested on 16 August 1996 in
          Dura, near Hebron: Sami lussef al-Matir, Fayez Muhammad Isma'il al-Shahtit,
          ‘Ali lussef al-Matir, Huja Sulaiman Hussain Huja, Mahmoud lussef al-Matir,
          Ariwar Awda Muhammad al-Darwish, Yassin Ibrahim Mahmoud Abu Hawash, ‘Issa
          Yussef al-Matir al-Darwish, Salim Ibrahim Mahmoud Abu Hawash, ‘Issa Yussef
          al-Matir al-Suwaiti, Musa Taleb Musa al-Rajoub, Mahmoud ‘Awdatallah Muhammad
          al-Darwish, Bashir ‘Ali Jabr al-Awawdeh, Ziyad Hassan ‘Abd al-Fatah Abu
          Hawash, Yussef Muhammad Khalil al-Suwaiti. These persons, along with Hashem
          Muhammad Isma'il al-Hamamari, reportedly arrested on 19 August in Bethlehem,
          were being held at Hashabiyya in Hebron without access to lawyers
          (23 August 1996)
          271. Dr. George Kalim Nakd, a surgeon in Nabatiyya, was reportedly arrested
          on 1 November 1996 by members of the South Lebanon Army (SLA) in the area of
          southern Lebanon occupied by Israel as a “security zone”, and was being held
          at Khiam detention centre (8 November 1996)
          272. Muhammad ‘Abd al-'Aziz Hamdan, a suspected member of Islamic Jihad, was
          reportedly arrested on 7 October 1996 and allegedly subjected to violent
          shaking and prolonged sleep deprivation while being forced to sit or stand in
          painful positions. On 13 November 1996 a court order was issued forbidding
          the ass to use physical pressure against him, but on 14 November 1996 the
          Supreme Court annulled the order and permitted the use of “increased physical
          pressure” (15 November 1996) . The Government reply to this appeal is
          reflected in E/CN.4/1996/7.
          273. Khader Mubarak, a suspected member of the military wing of 1-lamas was
          reportedly arrested on 21 October 1996. During his interrogation by the ass
          he was deprived of sleep while handcuffed, held in painful positions and
          hooded with sacking. Pursuant to his petition seeking to bar the use of
          “physical pressure” against him, the Israeli Supreme Court ruled on
          17 November 1996 that “physical pressure” could continue. Although the aSS is
          said to have subsequently agreed not to further tighten Khader Mubarak's
          handcuffs or force him to sit or stand in painful positions, prosecutors
          reportedly maintained that hooding and sleep deprivation were “essential” for
          the investigation (21 November 1996)
          274. Muhannad Abu Rumi was reportedly arrested in Hebron on 18 November 1996
          and remained incommunicado in the Moscobiyyah Police Detention Centre in
          Jerusalem (11 December 1996)
          Ital y
          275. By letter dated 10 October 1996, the Special Rapporteur transmitted to
          the Italian Government the cases summarized in the following paragraphs; the
          Italian Government replied on 5 December 1996.
          276. Giancarlo Malatesta was arrested in Rome on 23 July 1993 by police
          officers who suspected him of being in the act of buying drugs. Allegedly
          they then knocked him violently on the head, beat him and kicked him, after
          which he was taken to the Viminale police station. Upon expressing the wish
          to lodge a complaint, he was reportedly again struck on the head and in the
          abdomen. It was said that a medical certificate testifying to the treatment
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
          page 57
          undergone had been made out and attached to the complaint lodged by the victim
          with the Rome Pretura (district court) , which had instituted an inquiry. The
          Italian Government replied that this person had been charged with bringing
          false accusations of ill-treatment against police officers. The oral phase of
          the trial was to take place in February 1997.
          277. Mahrez Chanouf, a Tunisian national, and Salim Sfouli, an Egyptian, were
          arrested by the Milan police on 19 August 1993. Accused of having stolen a
          car and tried to escape when the police stopped them, they were brought before
          a magistrate. They then reportedly exhibited a number of cuts and bruises and
          claimed that they had been struck and beaten by several policemen, whereupon a
          medical certificate was made out and an inquiry instituted. The Italian
          Government replied that several police officers accused of abuse of authority
          had been acquitted in the Court of first instance on 11 October 1993.
          278. limbi Ona Nsambi Okoka, a Zairian national, was arrested by police
          on 14 November 1993, at the Milan railway station. Allegedly, he was then
          taken to the police station and violently beaten there, after which he was
          released and had a medical certificate made out attesting to the ill-treatment
          undergone. On 6 June 1994, at the Albenga railway station, he was reportedly
          again arrested by police after a dispute with a railway employee and taken to
          the police station, where he was beaten and then given medical care for the
          blows inflicted. This time, too, it is claimed, upon being released he had a
          medical certificate made out. The Italian Government replied that the
          judicial inquiry had not yet been completed.
          279. Nicholas Obachina, a Nigerian national, was arrested on 15 November 1993
          by three carabinieri from Sant'Anna d'Alfaedo, near Verona, who allegedly beat
          him violently with a sort of truncheon and then abandoned him unconscious by
          the roadside. Reportedly, passers-by took him to hospital and he lodged a
          complaint against the three police officers. It is claimed that a trial took
          place and the three accused were given suspended sentences of 12 months'
          imprisonment, but the court ordered that the sentence should not appear in
          their personnel files. The three carabinieri allegedly then stated their
          intention of appealing.
          280. Marco Lobos and Franco Vienibene were arrested on 14 January 1994 by the
          Bologna police, following an anti-drug operation. It is claimed that during
          their detention they were violently beaten and that, after they were set free,
          they were examined at the local hospital by a physician who diagnosed several
          injuries. Both of them, it is said, lodged complaints against the police and
          an inquiry was instituted. The Italian Government answered that the
          magistrate in charge of the preliminary investigation against the police
          officers would finalize it in a few weeks' time.
          281. Bouzckri El Mautrofi, a Tunisian national, was arrested in August 1994
          by officers of the Spotorno municipal police and taken to the police station,
          where he was allegedly beaten with a truncheon. After being released, he
          reportedly had a medical certificate made out by the San Paolo de Savona
          hospital, which it was said had confirmed the severity of the injuries. The
          Italian Government replied that a judicial investigation had been instituted
          and that the case was before the Savona Court of first instance.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          282. Biagio Imposimato was arrested in Turin on 14 December 1994, by police
          who allegedly struck him violently and accused him of incitement to
          disobedience. Once he had been released, he reportedly went to the hospital
          where a medical certificate was made out. The Italian Government replied that
          the police officers had been sentenced to a fine and ordered to pay damages to
          the victim.
          283. Enrico Notarangelo was arrested on 16 December 1994, by carabinieri who
          suspected him of carrying in his vehicle materials or weapons intended to be
          used for criminal acts. During his detention at the Mattinata police station,
          he was allegedly beaten, in particular with truncheons, on the head, arms,
          legs and other parts. A medical certificate was reportedly made out in
          Mattinata. The Italian Government replied that an investigation into the
          conduct of the police was in progress before the Court of first instance at
          Foggia.
          Follow-up to cases dealt with in previous reports
          284. Concerning the cases of Khaled Kabouti, Salvatore Franco and
          Carmelo La Rosa, transmitted by the Special Rapporteur in 1995, as also those
          of Antonio Morabito and Creaute Arsenie and the situation in the Secondigliano
          prison, Naples, transmitted in 1994, the Italian Government sent replies,
          dated 7 August 1995, in which it indicated that judicial investigations were
          in progress. The Special Rapporteur told the Government that he would like to
          receive information on any findings of those investigations. In its reply
          dated 5 December 1996, the Italian Government indicated that the
          investigations into the cases of Khaled Kablouti and Salvatore Franco had not
          yet been completed. The cases of Carmelo La Rosa and Creaute Arsenie had been
          filed. The case of Antonio Morabito was before the Court of second instance.
          As for the situation in the Secondigliano prison, the Government stated that
          64 officials had been charged but that the trial was not yet over.
          Jamaica
          285. On 18 December 1995 the Government replied to the letter of the
          Special Rapporteur of 10 July 1995 regarding the conditions under which
          children are held in police lock-ups in the country (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1,
          paras. 411-412) . The Government stated that under the provisions of the
          Juveniles Act, youngsters under the age of 17 may not be detained in the same
          cells as adults. In practice, juveniles were sometimes held in the same
          building as adults, but they were not, as alleged, held in the same cells.
          Each police station was staffed with persons skilled in handling juvenile
          matters and there existed ongoing educational programmes aimed at informing
          the public of this fact and of the system of referrals between social
          agencies. The Government planned in the medium to long term to upgrade
          facilities for teenage girls and steps were being taken to expedite hearings
          and provide better educational facilities for those in the care of the State.
          Also, visiting committees, comprising Justices of the Peace, served to bring
          to the attention of the relevant authorities any weaknesses in the system,
          with an emphasis on human rights. The Government was acutely aware of the
          importance of protecting persons in lock-ups and correctional institutions
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          from abuse. Personnel were constantly reminded that juveniles and young
          persons must be treated strictly in accordance with existing legislation and
          appropriate action was taken when violence occurred.
          Jordan
          286. By letter dated 9 August 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information indicating that Mustafa Sulaiman
          ‘Abd al-Latif Abu Hamid had been subjected to torture in police custody
          following his arrest in April 1995. The torture, which was said to have taken
          place during a period of one month when he was held without charge, allegedly
          included being hung upside down from nails which were inserted into his
          ankles. He was reportedly admitted into the hospital later under a false name
          for treatment of injuries sustained as a result of the torture. He made a
          complaint about the torture during his trial, but the judge allegedly failed
          to order an investigation and no medical records were received by the court.
          He was convicted of the murder charges and sentenced to death, a sentence
          reportedly confirmed by the Court of Cassation on 12 July 1996. On
          18 November 1996 the Government replied that the accused had not been tortured
          at any stage during his arrest. The Court of Cassation had reviewed the case
          in view of the defendant's complaint. The Court upheld the previous sentence,
          as it had been based on the defendant's admission of the crime to the
          government prosecutor and not while he was in police custody.
          Ka zak stan
          287. By letter dated 10 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information according to which Nikolai Gunkin,
          the ataman of the Semirechye Cossack Host, was arrested in Almaty on
          28 October 1995 by officers of the Moskovsky District Department of Internal
          Affairs. He had reportedly been presenting himself to register as a candidate
          for the elections to parliament when the arrest occurred. He was charged with
          “organizing an unsanctioned meeting', in connection with an event earlier in
          the year. He was allegedly physically assaulted by police officers during his
          arrest. Later, three persons, including one dressed in a police uniform,
          reportedly attempted to hang him from a heating pipe by his neck in his cell,
          allegedly to make it appear that he had committed suicide. He was said
          subsequently to have undertaken a hunger strike at Investigation-Isolation
          Prison Number One. Officials allegedly doused him with cold water in an
          attempt to get him to end the strike.
          Urgent appeals
          288. The Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on 4 September 1996
          concerning Nina Sidorova, a political activist on behalf of the Cossack
          community, who was reportedly detained at her home in Almaty on 20 August 1996
          by officers of the State Investigative Committee (GSK) of Kazakstan. She was
          said to have been held at various locations, sometimes in small, unventilated
          or pitch dark “punishment cells”, and to have been subjected to beatings. She
          was reportedly being detained at GSK headquarters.
        
          
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          Kenya
          289. On 24 January 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the Government
          a number of individual cases of alleged torture and on 18 March 1996 the
          Government sent a reply to many of those allegations. The allegations and the
          replies are summarized in the following paragraphs.
          290. David Mbuga Kabata, arrested in Rift Valley province on 3 August 1993,
          was allegedly transferred eight times among six police stations and tortured
          at two of the stations and four times in nearby forests, before appearing in
          court on 16 August. His torture allegedly included death threats to coerce
          him to sign statements; whippings and beatings with hoe handles all over his
          body while his hands were each tied to a different tree; and the tying of his
          penis with a string and pulling of the string until his penis bled. A medical
          examination revealed the presence of multiple bruises, two fractures of the
          facial and skull bones, a circular peri-colonal ulcer on the penis, soft
          tissue injuries and acute bronchitis. The Government replied that the matter
          was subiudice and that David Mbuga Kabata had never complained to the
          magistrate about torture. It was unheard of for a tortured suspect to fail to
          complain to the magistrate, so that an independent investigation would be
          ordered. If he were actually tortured, he should have complained to the
          magistrate.
          291. George Karuki Wanjau, aged 65, was reportedly arrested
          on 7 November 1993. In Nakuru, the provincial CID officer allegedly slapped
          him and ordered police officers to administer beatings, after which six
          officers allegedly beat him severely. As a result, he lost four teeth and
          suffered swollen cheeks and bleeding from the mouth. The beatings were
          reportedly inflicted to get him to implicate political activist Koigi wa
          Wamwere in an alleged robbery. Medical reports established that he had
          suffered injuries consistent with his allegations of torture. The Government
          replied that the Attorney General had advised that charges against George
          Karuki Wanjau be withdrawn. At no point during court appearances or
          subsequent to his release had he complained of having been tortured by the
          police.
          292. Josephine Nyawira Ngengi, a member of the organization Release Political
          Prisoners, Ann Wambui Ng'ang'a and Tabitha Mumbi were reportedly arrested
          along with 16 men in May 1994 in Nakuru. They were allegedly tortured in
          police custody before being charged with robbery with violence. Josephine
          Nyawira Ngengi was reportedly held incommunicado for 22 days, during which she
          was allegedly beaten and blunt objects were forced into her vagina. The
          Government stated that after her arrest, Josephine Nyawira Ngengi had been
          taken to her house, where she gave the officers the keys to a stolen vehicle.
          She and three others, including Ann Wambui Nakuru, were acquitted of robbery
          charges. The reply did not address the allegations of torture.
          293. Joseph Baraza Wekesa, Taiga Machenjie, Moses Murimi Mukour and
          Richard Wasilwas Wafula were among at least 32 persons arrested between late
          October 1994 and early February 1995 in Bungoma district, western Kenya, on
          suspicion of membership in the illegal organization February Eighteenth
          Movement (FEM) . Most or all of the 32 known arrestees were allegedly
          tortured. Joseph Baraz Wekesa, aged 69, was allegedly beaten repeatedly, hot
        
          
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          wax was poured on his arms and he was threatened with genital torture.
          Although he pleaded guilty, he subsequently appealed his conviction on the
          grounds that he had been tortured. A court-ordered medical report revealed
          severe injuries, but the High Court judge allegedly refused to read the
          medical report and refused him bail. Taiga Machenjie, a former chairman of
          the Mount Elgon district section of the opposition party Forum for the
          Restoration of Democracy (FORD) , was allegedly tortured in Kakamega, resulting
          in his urinating blood and losing his hearing. Moses Murimi Mukour allegedly
          had his penis and both testicles tied with a string that was stretched and
          repeatedly hit by Special Branch officers in Kakamega. The officers also
          reportedly stood on his chest and on a piece of wood placed across his legs.
          A medical report noted scars resulting from torture. Richard Wasilwa Wafula
          was allegedly beaten on 8 February 1995 in Kakamega and a medical report noted
          that three weeks later his injuries were still “quite visible and quite
          marked”. The Government replied that at the hearing of his appeal before the
          High Court on 27 February 1996, the advocate of Jaseph Baraza Wekesa had
          dropped the appeal and had not mentioned the allegations of torture to the
          court. Even at trial, the accused had not reported to the Court the
          allegations of torture. The appeal thus covered only the issue of sentence,
          which was reduced from six to two years.
          294. Geoffrey Ndungu Gichuki was among a group of 67 persons reportedly
          arrested around Nakuru in December 1994 under accusation of holding an illegal
          meeting. At least 17 of the detainees were allegedly tortured and four
          detainees became permanently disabled after being tied to trees and beaten in
          Dundori forest. Geoffrey Ndungu Gichuki developed gangrene and his arm was
          amputated. The four disabled detainees were held under police guard in
          hospital for seven months and released in July 1995, allegedly to avoid
          evidence of their torture being raised in court. A lawyer acting for
          63 prisoners held for trial stated in court that the prisoners were being
          tortured by warders, including by “stripping them and thrusting a stick in
          their bottoms”. They also began a hunger strike in September 1995 because
          they had been moved to a cell block with persons suffering infectious
          diseases, such as tuberculosis and scabies, and generally atrocious
          conditions. Sixty-two of the 63 prisoners were convicted in October 1995.
          295. Alex Owuor was reportedly arrested on 27 December 1994 by five KANU
          Youth Wing members under accusation of stealing. At the Youth Wing' office he
          was allegedly kicked and beaten, as a result of which he sustained a
          dislocated elbow and swollen genitals and required hospital treatment. The
          Government replied that when a complaint is brought to the attention of the
          police, it is recorded in the Occurrence Book. The police had checked their
          records and found that no complaint had been made either by or on behalf of
          Alex Owuaor. Neither had the Attorney General received a complaint.
          Therefore, the allegation that little action had been taken by the police was
          false.
          296. Daniel Waweru, aged 84, his wife and his daughter were reportedly
          whipped at Kangaita Chief's Camp, Kirinyaga district, by three administrative
          policemen on 4 January 1995. Daniel Waweru was then held overnight in a cell
          several inches deep in water and released without charge. The Government
          stated that the incident involved a father and his son, daughter and grandson.
          Pursuant to their complaint of assault by three administrative policemen, they
        
          
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          were escorted to the hospital for examination and treatment and their
          statements were recorded. The investigations into the cases were ongoing.
          297. Zacharia Wukumu Njogu was reportedly beaten severely and robbed at a bus
          station in January 1995 by six members of the KANU Youth Wing. He was
          hospitalized for two weeks with his right leg in a cast. He identified three
          of the attackers to police but only one person was detained briefly. He was
          released on bail and it appeared that no further action was to be taken in the
          case.
          298. Sergeant Martin Obwong, a prison officer in Nairobi, was reportedly
          arrested on 17 March 1995 following a quarrel with a police officer in a bar.
          He was allegedly beaten by officers at the station and collapsed shortly after
          his release the next day. He died the following day. The Government replied
          that two policemen had been charged in court with manslaughter on the death of
          Sergeant Obwong.
          299. Robert Wafula Buke, a former University of Nairobi student leader, was
          reportedly arrested on 27 March 1995 on suspicion of membership in FEM. He
          was allegedly chained to a wall and severely beaten at Kawangware Chief's Camp
          by a Special Branch inspector and two officers. He was reportedly tortured
          further and denied food at Naivasha maximum security prison. He was released
          on 13 May 1995.
          300. Nahashon Chege, an 18-year-old street boy, was reportedly tortured to
          death at Pongani police station on 1 April 1995. He was said to have been
          beaten severely with gun butts. Two other boys arrested with him were also
          allegedly beaten. The Government replied that Nahashon Chege was among
          25 suspects arrested on 29 March 1995 on suspicion of setting a vehicle
          ablaze. He had fallen ill on 31 March and was declared dead on arrival at
          hospital. A post mortem had revealed that he died from a ruptured spleen
          which could have been caused by a fall or blunt force applied to the abdomen.
          The body had no visible injuries. An inquest file had been opened and the
          procedures were ongoing.
          301. Lieutenant John Kubwana, a Ugandan army officer, was reportedly
          kidnapped by Kenyan security agents from his home in Bukabayi village in Mbale
          district, Uganda, on 23 April 1995, under accusation of having recruited and
          trained members of FEM. He was allegedly beaten with blunt objects and
          wounded with a knife. He subsequently died in Bungoma hospital. The
          Government stated that John Kubwana had been arrested in Kenya on matters
          related to security and was released on 1 May 1995. He was never assaulted
          and had gone home without complaint. He was not dead, but was in Uganda going
          about his usual business.
          302. Otieno K'Opiyo and Otieno Mak'Onyango, both members of parliament from
          the opposition FORD party, were reportedly detained and beaten by riot police
          on 10 June 1995, apparently to prevent them from attending a by-election in
          Mombasa. They were subsequently treated at hospital for back and chest
          injuries.
          303. Mirugi Kariuki, a human rights lawyer, and Louise Tunbridge, a
          journalist for the British newspaper Daily Telegraph , were among a number of
        
          
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          journalists and Safina party supporters allegedly beaten by prison riot
          squad officers and about 40 armed members of the KANU Youth Wing when they
          went to visit activist Koigi Na Wamwere in Nakuru prison on 10 August 1995.
          Murugi Kariuki sustained a broken collarbone and serious bruising and
          Louise Tunbridge suffered severe bruising. Three persons have reportedly been
          charged with assault in the incident and released on bail.
          304. Wang'ondu Kariuki, a lawyer, was reportedly arrested
          on 22 September 1995 under accusation of membership of FEM. He was held
          incommunicado for seven days, during which he was allegedly stripped naked,
          beaten repeatedly and denied food for three days. According to the
          Government, Wangondu Kariuki had admitted being the Secretary-General of FEM
          and was charged on two counts of being a member of an unlawful society. His
          case is still pending.
          305. The Special Rapporteur provided the Government with follow-up
          information he had received with respect to the case of Geoffrey Kuria
          Kariuki, on whose behalf the Special Rapporteur had transmitted urgent appeals
          on 18 July 1994, 15 August 1994 and 2 December 1994. He had allegedly been
          tortured incommunicado detention at Nakuru police station following his arrest
          on 9 July 1994 and was reportedly being denied adequate medical treatment.
          According to the new information received recently, he was eventually released
          on bail in May 1995. Although a medical report established that his condition
          resulted from trauma “inflicted from blunt object(s) directed to the head”, no
          investigation was said to have been undertaken with respect to the torture
          allegations.
          306. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted new information he had received
          in the case of opposition Democratic Party official David Njenga Ngugi, first
          mentioned in the Special Rapporteur's letter of 21 July 1994, who had
          allegedly been tortured with five other persons following their arrest in
          November 1993 on charges of breaking into the Ndeiya Chief's Camp and stealing
          weapons. The detainees had allegedly been whipped, their fingernails and
          toenails had been removed, and they had been forced to walk on sharp objects.
          The source of the information had since reported that the case against all
          six defendants was dismissed on 10 June 1994 on the grounds that their
          confessions had been obtained through torture. In his ruling of May 1994 the
          Chief Resident Magistrate noted that David Njenga Ngugi had been “so badly
          tortured to confess that today, eight months later, he still has to walk with
          the help of crutches. The soles of his feet still have deep black marks and
          [ sores] and swellings are on his feet” . The magistrate also reportedly
          directed the commissioner of police to take immediate action against the
          persons responsible for the torture. Despite this ruling, no investigations
          were carried out into the torture allegations. Subsequently, the magistrate
          was transferred from Nairobi to Kitiu, 130 kilometres away, and David Njenga
          Ngugi continued to suffer harassment by the police. The Government replied
          that the police were still investigating allegations of torture against the
          six defendants in the above-described case, and the perpetrators would be
          prosecuted or disciplined if torture were established.
        
          
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          Information received from the Government with respect to a case included in a
          previous report
          307. In its letter of 18 March 1996, the Government replied to the cases of
          Rosemary Nyambura and Truphena Obwaka Shirako, which had been transmitted by
          the Special Rapporteur on 18 September 1995, (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1,
          paras. 419 and 422). Rosemary Nyambura, who was allegedly beaten to death by
          police officers in Nairobi on 10 May 1992, had been found hanging on the
          wall with a piece of blanket around her neck at Ruraraka police post some
          20 minutes after another detainee who had been arrested for being drunk and
          disorderly had been brought to the police post. A police pathologist found
          that her death was due to bleeding in both kidneys and a torn spleen. An
          inquest was opened and the matter was taken to court. All the witnesses had
          tendered evidence and a ruling would be delivered soon. As to Truphena Obwaka
          Shirako, who was allegedly tortured, including by means of sexual assault, at
          Langas police station in January 1994, the case against the offending
          policemen was still pending in court.
          Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
          308. On 1 February 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal
          on behalf of ‘Adel Mohammad al-Khazani, Salih Sulayman Haddoud, Faraj Sulayman
          al-Du'ayki, Sulayman Abu-Setta, ‘Abdallah al-Mahdi Abu-Setta, Salah al-Din
          ‘lyad al-Shibani, Mohammad Hassan al-Barrani and Mohammad al-Mahtout
          al-Si'ani, who were among a large group of students reportedly arrested in
          Bani Wali, south-east of Tripoli, in the context of a demonstration that had
          taken place in early September 1995. They were allegedly interrogated under
          torture, including by means of electric shocks, falaga and being threatened
          with dogs. They and 16 other persons were reportedly tried summarily in
          secret, without access to lawyers, and were sentenced to various prison terms
          in mid-December 1995. They were being held incommunicado in al-Jdayda prison,
          al-Farna, ouside of Tripoli.
          Mexico
          309. By letter dated 6 August 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the
          Government the cases dealt with in the following paragraphs; the Government
          replied on 5 November 1996.
          310. Diego and Claudio Martinez Villanueva, members of the Otomi indigenous
          community, were detained in Santa Ana Tlacotenco, State of Mexico, in
          January 1994 by members of the State judicial police, who accused them of
          murder. Both are deaf mutes, mentally deficient and illiterate. They were
          allegedly beaten, subjected to electric shocks in the tongue and forced to
          mark their fingerprints on self-incriminating statements. The Government
          reported that the National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) had not received any
          complaint about this case.
          311. Felix Armando Fernández Estrada, a trader, was detained
          on 20 October 1994 in Mexico City by members of National Public Security
          Coordination (CNSP), which accused him and others of having planted a bomb.
          Transferred to a place of secret detention, he was allegedly subjected to
          tortures such as electric shocks, blows, attempts to asphyxiate him by placing
        
          
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          a plastic bag over his head, and death threats. The Government reported that
          this person had declared to representatives of the National Human Rights
          Commission that the lesions he displayed had been caused accidentally and that
          he did not wish to lodge any complaint on the matter.
          312. Eneo Hernmndez Hernmndez, Emiliano Hernmndez Hernmndez and
          Lucas Francisco Hernmndez, members of the Nahua indigenous community
          originating from the community of Cantollano, municipality of Ixhuatlmn de
          Madero, Veracruz, were detained on 2 July 1995 at different places in the
          municipality by members of the State judicial police. Taken to the
          headquarters of the State's Directorate General of Public Security (DGSPE) in
          Alamo, they were reportedly interrogated and subjected to various kinds of
          torture, such as application of electric current to the arms, blows and
          attempts to asphyxiate them with plastic bags placed over their heads. The
          Government supplied details about the facts and the proceedings against these
          persons, but not about the possible use of torture.
          313. Cecilia Rodriguez, representative of the Zapatista National Liberation
          Army (EZLN) in the United States, was allegedly attacked on 25 October 1995 in
          Montebello, Chiapas, by individuals suspected of having links with security
          forces, who are said to have raped her and pressed her to give up her
          political activities. The Government reported that the person concerned had
          not reported to the Office of the Attorney-General of the State of Chiapas to
          confirm the accusation, and that neither the relevant medical certificate nor
          the witness statement was contained in the file.
          314. Aurora Nazario Arrieta, 15 years old, a native of San Miguel,
          TzinacapIn, was allegedly raped early in November 1995 by three policemen at
          the police station in Cuetzalen, Puebla. The Government reported that the
          National Human Rights Commission had issued a recommendation requesting that
          the Attorney-General of the State of Puebla should take action for the arrest
          of the three persons alleged to be concerned.
          315. Manuel Aguierre Becerril, Abel and César Zamudio Trejo and
          Margarita Villafuerte were reportedly arrested on 21 January 1996 in Celaya,
          Guanajuato, by officers of the judicial police, who accused them of an
          abduction. All of them are said to have been severely beaten. Margarita
          Villafuerte was allegedly subjected to cigarette burns on the back, abdomen
          and thighs and mutilation of both nipples. The Government reported that the
          National Human Rights Commission was conducting the necessary inquiry.
          316. José Nava Andrade, leader of the Organization of Villages and
          Settlements (OPC) , of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, member of the Union of Peasant
          Organizations of the Southern Highlands (UOCSS) and the Broad Front for
          National Liberation Movement Building (FACMLN) , was abducted on 2 July 1996 by
          individuals suspected of having links with security bodies when on his way to
          the Guerrero State Government building to receive compensation he had been
          promised for injuries suffered in April 1996 at the hands of the police. The
          kidnappers allegedly stripped him, hung him up by the feet and beat him with
          sticks covered with sponge and lint. They also reportedly inserted a tube in
          his rectum and filled his intestine with domestic gas, prodded him with
          electric goads and struck him hard on both ears with the palms of their hands.
        
          
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          According to the Government, the forensic physician of the National Human
          Rights Commission confirmed that the person concerned had in fact been
          tortured, and a request had been addressed to the Office of the
          Attorney-General of the State of Guerrero for the adoption of precautionary
          measures on his behalf. Investigations with a view to identifying those
          responsible were continuing.
          317. In addition, the Special Rapporteur again transmitted to the Government
          a number of cases sent in 1995 concerning which he had not yet received any
          reply.
          Follow-up to cases transmitted previously
          318. On 12 April 1995 the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the Government
          the case of Alvaro Castillo Granados, who was arrested on 8 February 1995 in
          Yanga, Veracruz, by members of the Federal judicial police who allegedly
          struck him with boards and electric cable, squirted mineral water into his
          nose, covered his head with a plastic bag and subjected him to electric
          shocks. Six other persons arrested on the same occasion, Ricardo Hernmndez
          Lôpez, Hilario Martinez Hernmndez, Martin Trujillo Barajas, Luis Smnchez
          Navarrete, Rosa Hernmndez Hernmndez and Hermelinda Garcia Zepahua, allegedly
          underwent similar treatment. Reportedly the National Human Rights Commission,
          in its recommendation 50/95, submitted that there had been torture and
          recommended that the Attorney-General's Office should institute an inquiry.
          The Special Rapporteur asked the Government for information on follow-up by
          the competent authorities to the National Human Rights Commission's
          recommendation. On 5 November 1996 the Government reported on the progress of
          the proceedings, which have not yet been completed.
          319. On 17 February 1995 the Special Rapporteur sent the Government an urgent
          appeal on behalf of Mariano Encino Lôpez and Julio Encino Hernmndez, arrested
          on 9 February 1995 at Sierra de Songolica, Puebla. Information supplied by
          the National Human Rights Commission indicated that while he had remained in
          detention Mariano Encino had been subjected to electric shocks. The Special
          Rapporteur asked the Government for information on the results of the
          investigation carried out by the Commission. The Government replied that
          according to the Commission the persons concerned were detained in the
          community of Sibaquil, municipality of Altamirano, Chiapas. In an interview
          with representatives of the Commission they declared that they had not been
          beaten or tortured by the military and that it was at Tuxtla Gutiérrez,
          on 11 February 1995, in an office whose location they did not know, that
          Mariano Encino had been assaulted with an apparatus that gave him electric
          shocks. Since, furthermore, the prison entry medical certificates, issued on
          13 February 1995, established that the aggrieved persons were in good physical
          and mental health, the case was filed as solved in the course of the
          proceedings.
          320. Regarding the case of Manuel Manriquez San Agustin, transmitted by
          the Special Rapporteur on several occasions, the Government reported
          on 1 December 1995 that the Office of the Attorney General of the Federal
          District had in November 1995 instituted criminal proceedings against
          two members of the police force for their alleged responsibility in the
          commission of the crime of torture, and that orders for their arrest had been
        
          
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          issued and carried out. The Special Rapporteur asked to be informed of any
          new developments there had been in the case since the court had ordered the
          imprisonment of those allegedly responsible, and also of any action taken to
          indemnify the victim. In answer the Government stated that the
          two individuals presumed to be responsible had been dismissed from their
          posts. Meanwhile the criminal proceedings were continuing to go ahead.
          Replies provided by the Government regarding cases transmitted in prior years
          321. Alejandro Salas Romero, arrested on 9 February 1995 at Sierra de
          Songolica, State of Puebla, by 15 armed individuals believed to belong to the
          army. On 20 March 1996 the Government sent the Special Rapporteur a copy of
          the final recommendation issued by the National Human Rights Commission. It
          is not stated in that report, however, that the person concerned had been
          tortured, nor that he had complained of having been a victim of torture.
          322. Jorge Ramirez Smnchez and nine other peasants arrested on 29 May 1995 in
          the indigenous community of Atlapaxco, State of Hidalgo. On 20 March 1996 the
          Government reported that the National Human Rights Commission had not been
          able to locate those persons, who had been released on bail in order to
          corroborate the occurrence of torture, and that the Commission had not
          received any complaint from them.
          323. Jorge Santiago Santiago, arrested on 20 February 1995 at Teopisca,
          Chiapas, for alleged membership of the Zapatista National Liberation Army.
          On 29 March 1996 the Government reported that he had told representatives of
          the National Human Rights Commission that he had not been subjected to
          torture.
          324. Demetrio Ernesto Hernmndez Rojas, arrested on 19 October 1994 in the
          town of Netzahualcôyotl, State of Mexico. According to information provided
          by the Government on 29 March 1996, he told representatives of the National
          Human Rights Commission that he had incurred the injuries he displayed
          accidentally and that he did not wish to lodge any complaint on the matter.
          325. Ricardo Hernmndez Lôpez and seven other persons arrested in
          February 1995 at Yanga, Veracruz. According to information provided by the
          Government on 29 March 1996 the National Human Rights Commission submitted
          that these persons had been subjected to physical and mental torture in order
          to obtain information concerning the Zapatista National Liberation Army and to
          make them sign self-incriminating statements, and had recommended the opening
          of an administrative investigation directed against agents of the State
          judicial police and of the Government Procurator's Office, as well as the
          medical expert of the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic.
          326. Gonzalo Smnchez Navarrete and five other persons arrested
          on 10 February 1994 at Cacalomacmn, State of Mexico. According to information
          provided by the Government on 29 March 1996 the forensic physicians attached
          to the National Human Rights Commission certified that all these persons
          displayed lesions, which were described as of the kind that do not endanger
          life and take less than 15 days to heal. It also stated that expert reports
          were being prepared to determine whether or not the police had used excessive
          force.
        
          
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          327. Maria Gloria Benevides Guevara was arrested on 8 February 1995 by
          members of the police force, who allegedly broke into her home in Mexico City
          accusing her of belonging to the Zapatista National Liberation Army. Taken to
          military premises for interrogation, she was allegedly deprived of sleep for a
          day and a half and forced to sign a statement several pages long, which she
          was not allowed to read under threat of harm being done to her 18-month-old
          child. According to information provided by the Government on 29 March 1996,
          this person told the staff of the National Human Rights Commission that she
          had at no time been physically hurt; neither did she lodge any complaint.
          According to the medical report drawn up by the Office of the Attorney General
          of the Republic there were no recent external lesions.
          328. Alfredo Jiménez Santis and Mario Alvarez Lôpez, arrested
          on 9 February 1995 and taken to a military establishment in Tuxtla Gutiérrez.
          According to a report supplied by the Government on 29 March 1996, the
          information obtained by the National Human Rights Commission indicates that
          during the time of their detention by military personnel these persons were
          subjected to physical ill-treatment. The Commission is conducting the
          requisite investigation.
          329. Trinidad Perez Perez, arrested on 13 February 1995 at an army checkpoint
          located in the vicinity of the Chiapas communal land. On 5 November 1996 the
          Government reported that at an interview with representatives of the National
          Human Rights Commission this person stated that he had been subjected to
          ill-treatment by the military, but that it was not his wish to go through with
          the investigation of the facts, and it was accordingly brought to a close.
          Urgent appeals and replies by the Government
          330. During 1996 the Special Rapporteur sent the Government four urgent
          appeals, on the dates shown in parenthesis, the first of them being on behalf
          of Aridrés Manuel Lôpez Obrado, member of the Democratic Revolution
          Party (PRD) ; Dorilian Diaz Perez, municipal official; Rafael Lôpez Cruz,
          member of the PRD; and Darwin Gonzalez Ballina, former member of Parliament
          belonging to the PRD. According to reports these persons formed part of a
          group of over 50 who were arrested between 7 and 9 February 1996 at the
          localities of Huatacalca (Nacajuca) , CIrdenas and Centia, State of Tabasco.
          The arrests were made in connection with peaceful protests calling for
          compensation for the environmental damage caused by a petroleum plant. In
          the course of the operations conducted by members of the army and the State
          judicial police, an indeterminate number of persons were allegedly injured
          (19 February 1996) . On 21 May 1996 the Government reported that all the
          detained persons had been set free and that a complaint had been lodged with
          the National Human Rights Commission concerning the above-mentioned acts.
          331. The second appeal was sent on behalf of José Manuel de la Torre
          Hernmndez and Flor VIsquez Jiménez, members of the Venustiano Carranza peasant
          community, State of Chiapas, who had reportedly been abducted on 2 April 1996
          by the San Bartolomé de los Llanos paramilitary group under instructions from
          the mayor of the locality. Two other members of the community, José de la
          Torre Torres and Jose Manuel Ramirez de la Torre, had allegedly been arrested
          in the same circumstances and set free 24 hours later. During that time, they
          had reportedly been beaten and refused access to their families and to medical
        
          
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          care (7 May 1996) . On 6 June 1996 the Government reported that public
          officials had played no part whatsoever in the alleged arrest and torture of
          these persons. The so-called San Bartolomé de los Llanos paramilitary group
          does not exist; the name, however, belonged to one of the indigenous peasant
          organizations in conflict in the municipality of Venustiano Carranza.
          332. The third appeal was sent on behalf of Teodoro JuIrez Smnchez,
          Ramiro Jiménez, Lorenzo Adame Benitez and Jerônimo Adame, members of the
          Southern Highlands Peasant Organization (OCSS) ; Cleofas Smnchez,
          Pedro Barrios, Gervacio Arce and Gonzalo Smnchez, members of the Guerrero
          Organization of Villages and Settlements (OPCG) ; Procoro Valente Gil, member
          of the Broad Front for National Liberation Movement Building (FAC-MLN) ; and
          Alfredo Barragmn, Gregorio Garcia, Gerardo Hurtado Arias, Taide Mejia
          HernIndez, Marcos Mejia Cruz, and Valentin Tapia Noyola, peasant activists.
          Allegedly these persons were arrested between 8 and 15 July 1996 in the State
          of Guerrero and some of them were subjected to torture and ill-treatment. The
          arrests reportedly took place in the course of operations by the security
          forces against peasant activists, in particular members of OCSS and OPCG,
          accused of having links with the armed opposition group, People's
          Revolutionary Army (ERP) . It was also reported that on 14 July 1996, during a
          demonstration calling for the release of peasant activists arrested on
          previous dates, some 30 persons had allegedly been injured, including women
          and children (24 July 1996) . On 28 August 1996 the Government reported that a
          preliminary investigation had been initiated against the chief of the
          Chilpancingo Municipal Preventive Police and his personnel for the offences of
          abuse of authority, illegal deprivation of freedom and their consequences,
          committed to the detriment of 53 persons, among whom are the above-mentioned.
          333. The fourth urgent appeal concerned the leader of the OCSS, Hilario
          Mesino Acosta, who had been arrested on 3 July 1996 in Mexico City and later
          transferred to the prison of Acapulco, Guerrero, on suspicion of having links
          with the People's Revolutionary Army. During his detention he was allegedly
          subjected to torture (3 September 1996) . In communications dated 1 and
          23 October 1996, the Government reported that the National Human Rights
          Commission had conducted medical examinations upon Mr. Mesino and determined
          that he had no traces of external lesions. Moreover, he himself had
          reportedly informed the Commission that he had not been tortured.
          Morocco
          334. On 10 October 1996 the Special Rapporteur informed the Government that
          he had received particulars concerning the case of Ahmed Sanoussi, a Moroccan
          humorist, who had allegedly been assaulted on 4 June 1996 by members of the
          police force when on his way to the headquarters of the Moroccan Labour Union
          in order to join, out of solidarity, in a sit-in organized by the Association
          of Unemployed Graduates. He was allegedly taken unconscious to hospital where
          the doctors reportedly diagnosed multiple traumatisms. Apparently, several
          non-governmental organizations had called for an inquiry, but no action had
          been taken on that request.
          335. On the same date the Special Rapporteur referred once again to the case
          of Aimed El Kauri, Nebt Ramdane Bouchraya, Arbi Brahim Baba, Cheykhaton Bouh,
          M'Rabih Rabou Neysan, Abdel'hay Lekhal, Mahfoud Brahim Dahou and Salama Ahmed
        
          
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          Lembarki, arrested on 11 May 1995 at La'youne, which he had already submitted
          to the Government in 1995. The Government had replied that any allegation of
          torture or ill-treatment was mere speculation and that, at the time of their
          appearance before the military court, the persons concerned had made no
          declaration to that effect. However, additional information received by the
          Special Rapporteur from the sources emphatically asserted that those persons
          had been tortured to extract confessions from them and that they had so
          informed the court. Despite that, the court had reportedly not ordered an
          inquiry or taken any other measure. On 18 November 1996 the Government
          reiterated that the persons concerned had never been subjected to torture.
          Myanmar
          336. By letter dated 11 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information according to which U Win Tin and
          Myo Myint Nyein had been placed in tiny cells intended for the keeping of
          military dogs, at Insein prison in Yangon, as punishment for possessing a
          letter from prisoners addressed to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on
          the situation of human rights in Myanmar concerning harsh prison conditions.
          Dr. Khin Zaw Win, Saw Naing Naing (a member-elect of parliament) and
          Monywa Tin Shwe also had been held in “dog cells” since November 1995 for
          intending to send a letter to the Special Rapporteur on Myanmar. (Saw Naing
          Naing, Monywa Tin Shwe, U Win Tin and Myo Myint Nyein were subjects of the
          urgent appeal of 5 January 1996 summarized below.) . Mya Win, a National
          League for Democracy (NLD) MP-elect and Htay Aung, an NLD member, were also
          said to be held in such cells.
          Urgent appeals transmitted and replies received
          337. On 5 January 1996 the Special Rapporteur and the Special Rapporteur on
          the situation of human rights in Myanmar made a joint urgent appeal on behalf
          of Saw Naing Naing, Monywa Tin Shwe, U Win Tin, Myo Myint Nyein and
          Dr. Myint Aung, all NLD members, who allegedly had been subjected to severe
          ill-treatment since mid-November 1995 at Insein jail (see above) . They were
          reported to be in ill health and in need of essential medical attention.
          On 21 March 1996 the Government stated that there was no ground for concern
          that they might be subjected to torture or ill-treatment, as such practices
          were strictly prohibited by law in Myanmar and the prison authorities
          scrupulously followed the relevant laws and the stipulations of the Prison
          Manuals. Qualified doctors were always available to tend to the medical needs
          of detainees and, if necessary, arrangements were made for patients to receive
          the necessary treatment at hospital.
          338. On 23 January 1996 the Special Rapporteur and the Special Rapporteur on
          the situation of human rights in Myanmar made a joint urgent appeal on behalf
          of a number of members of the dance troupe Myo Daw Win Mar Anyeint , who had
          reportedly been arrested by officials of Military Intelligence Unit (MI) 16 in
          Mandalay after returning from a performance at an Independence Day ceremony at
          the compound of NLD leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi. The troupe was said to have
          made jokes about the political situation in Myanmar during their performance.
          U Htwe (NLD Chairman of Mandalay Southeast Township) , U Pa Pa Lay, U Lu Zaw,
          Myodaw Win Mar (female) , Ma Hnin Pa Pa (female) , U Tin Myint Hlaing, U Sein
          Hla and U Win Htai were reportedly arrested on 7 January 1996; Daw Myaing
        
          
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          (female) and Ma Yin Tin Swe (female) were arrested on 11 January 1996; and
          U Myint Them and U Aung Soe, NLD members who helped to arrange the
          performance, were arrested on 12 January 1996. On 13 March 1996 the
          Government replied that neither Myawdaw Win Mar, Ma Hnin Pa Pa, U Tin Myin
          Hlaing, U Sein Hla, U Wint Htai, Daw Myaing, Ma Yin Tin Swe nor U Myint Them
          had been detained by the authorities. U Pa Pa Lay and U Lu Zaw had been
          charged with delivering lines at the 4 January 1996 performance that could
          jeopardize the law and order and security of the State and U Htwe and
          U Aung Soe had been charged for giving them the support and encouragement to
          do so. They faced no ill-treatment while in detention or during trial.
          339. On 7 February 1996 the Special Rapporteur and the Special Rapporteur on
          the situation of human rights in Myanmar made a joint urgent appeal on behalf
          of U Win Naing, U Khin Maung, U Them Tun, U Maung Maung Lay, U Maung Ung
          Myient and U Htay Kywe, members of the Insein township branch of the NLD, who
          were reportedly arrested on 27 January 1996 in Yangon in connection with a
          poem they had written to commemorate the death in custody in 1991 of NLD
          member U Tin Maung Win. On 13 March 1996 the Government replied that a case
          had been filed against U Them Tun, U Win Naing and U Htay Kywe because they
          had been involved in the writing and distribution of literature found to be
          detrimental to law and order and security of the State. U Khin Maun, U Maung
          Maung Lay and U Maung Ohn Myint had not been arrested nor detained. There was
          no ground for concern that the detained persons would face ill-treatment as
          the authorities in Myanmar scrupulously followed the laws prohibiting torture
          and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.
          340. On 23 May 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal concerning
          at least 90 NLD activists who had reportedly been under arrest since
          19 May 1996 in order to prevent them from attending an NLD conference
          scheduled for 26 to 29 May 1996. U Win Htein, the NLD spokesman, and
          Dr. Aung Khin Sint were reported to be among those detained. They were
          allegedly being held without charge and at an unknown location.
          341. The Special Rapporteur and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of
          human rights in Myanmar made a joint urgent appeal on 4 September 1996 on
          behalf of John Khaw Kim Thang (aka No Than Kap) , former President of the Chin
          National Front, who was reported to be held in the custody of the Myanmar army
          at their Kalmyo camp. On 28 November 1996 the Government replied that he had
          been detained by the Indian army for involvement in rebel activity and had
          been handed over to the Myanmar authorities in Tamu. He had never been held
          at Kalemyo army camp nor had he been ill-treated.
          342. The Special Rapporteur and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of
          human rights in Myanmar made a joint urgent appeal on 5 December 1996 on
          behalf of Zaw Win, Tin Hla, Kyaw Soe, Thi Thi Aung and Than Than Su Win,
          members of the Youth Wing of the NLD, who were reportedly arrested
          on 3 December 1996 and were said to be held at MI 12 headquarters for
          interrogation.
        
          
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          Information received from the Government on cases appearing in previous
          reports
          343. In a letter dated 18 December 1995, the Government informed the
          Special Rapporteur that Ye Htut, an NLD member on whose behalf the
          Special Rapporteur had made an urgent appeal on 6 October 1995 (see
          E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, para. 474), had been found guilty of writing false and
          fabricated news about Myanmar which could cause foreign countries to
          misunderstand the actual situation prevailing in the country. He was
          sentenced to seven years' imprisonment. He had not been subjected to torture
          or ill-treatment in detention.
          344. In a reply dated 29 December 1995, the Government informed the
          Special Rapporteur that NLD Youth representatives Maung Aye, Toe Aung and
          Myo Zaw, on whose behalf the Special Rapporteur had made an urgent appeal on
          24 November 1995 (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1 para. 475), had not been subjected
          to torture or ill-treatment.
          Nepal
          345. By letter dated 18 April 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information according to which at least
          44 persons, including children, had been arrested in Kubhinde, Sinduplachowk
          district, between 2 and 9 February 1996, following the disappearance of a
          police constable in the area. It was alleged that these persons had in fact
          been detained because they were alleged sympathizers of the opposition party
          United People's Front (UPF) . A number of those arrested were allegedly
          subjected to severe beatings, such as Yam Maya Sapkota, Radhika Sapkota,
          Taradevi Sapkota, Dula Prasad Sapkota and Subhadra Sapkota (female, aged 13)
          346. The Special Rapporteur transmitted another letter on 24 September 1996
          concerning allegations of torture or ill-treatment against persons arrested in
          police operations against Maoist political activists in the Rapti region of
          mid-western Nepal in February and March 1996. The following individual cases
          were transmitted: Jaggu Prasad Subedi, Chairman of the Rolpa District
          Development Committee, arrested in Libang; Imam Singh Rokha, from Gaam
          village, Rolpa district; Shivaprasad Sharma, President of the Jhajharkot
          district of the All Nepal National Independent Students Union, arrested at
          Thaple, Jhajharkot district; Dambar Bahadur Rokayat, arrested and interrogated
          at Darma police post; Ganga Ram Budhotoki, reportedly detained by officers
          from Tharmere police post; Bishnu Maya and her daughters, aged six and
          eight years, arrested in Rimna village, Khalanga VDC, Ward No. 8 of Jhajharkot
          district; Umakanta Sharma, arrested in Botechaur village of Surkhet district;
          Karna Bahadur Budhathoki, arrested in Botechaur village of Surkhet;
          Tilbir Budhathokiwas, allegedly tortured at Salyan district headquarters;
          Phanindra Ghimere, former Area Committee member of the Samyukda Jana Morch
          party (SJM) arrested in Jhajharagoan village, Dang district; Padam Oh; Jhim
          Bahadur Chand, held at Tulsipur jail. Torture included beatings, including on
          the soles of the feet, and the use of rollers to the thighs.
          347. Some 35 police officers reportedly raided the respective homes of Arjun
          Bahadar Rana, Gothalo Rana, Nande Rana, Mote Rana and Bire Basnete in Jhureli
          village, Khalanga VDC, Jhajharkot district, on 14 March 1996. When the
        
          
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          villagers denied knowing the whereabouts of suspected Maoist activists, they
          were allegedly beaten severely in public with sticks and subjected to stinging
          with nettles. In addition, Shanti Ranan (female), aged 13, was allegedly
          beaten. The police were said to have subsequently set fire to the homes of
          the villagers.
          Nigeria
          348. By letter dated 6 May 1996 the Special Rapporteur informed the
          Government that he had received reports indicating that a number of
          the 43 prisoners who were convicted in connection with an alleged attempt to
          overthrow the Government in March 1995 had been ill-treated or denied critical
          medical treatment. George Mbah, a journalist suffering from neurological
          problems, lost consciousness as a result of ill-treatment following his arrest
          in May 1995. A number of persons detained from the Ogoni community since 1994
          were also reported to have suffered ill-treatment and medical neglect.
          Baribor Bera, a co-defendant of since executed Movement for the Survival of
          the Ogoni People (MOSOP) leader Ken Saro-Wiwa, was allegedly stripped naked,
          tied to a pillar, flogged with a horsewhip, and forced to swallow his teeth
          which had been knocked out as a result of beatings. Clement Tunsima, another
          member of the Ogoni community detained without charge since May 1994,
          reportedly died in August 1995 after suffering medical neglect while in
          detention. Benjamin Bere and a number of other persons arrested on
          3 June 1994 were held for five weeks by soldiers at a military camp in Eon,
          Ogoniland, where they were allegedly beaten each day with a cane, and were
          given food only every three days. Benjamin Bere required hospital treatment
          for injuries to his back and chest suffered as a result of the beatings.
          349. Adoba Bamaiyi, arrested on 6 May 1995 on allegedly trumped-up charges of
          robbery, was reportedly subjected to torture, including severe beatings, at
          Ajeromi police station, Apapa, Lagos State, as a result of which he was
          compelled to write a statement as dictated by his interrogators. He was
          transferred to the Anti-Robbery Squad headquarters at Ikeja, where a police
          officer allegedly fired a number of shots from a pistol into his left foot,
          causing him to lose consciousness. The next day he was allegedly subjected to
          further torture, including suspension by an iron rod between two pillars while
          his hands were tied behind his back and beatings with an iron bar. He was
          released on 15 May and admitted to a military hospital for treatment.
          Urgent appeals
          350. The Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal in conjunction with the
          Chairman of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention on behalf of 17 MOSOP
          supporters who had been detained in Ogoniland and Port Harcourt since late
          March 1996, allegedly to prevent them from meeting with the United Nations
          mission that visited the region on 9 and 10 April 1996. They were identified
          as Tulee Gokana, Tonny Goddy, Kpoobari Deeker, Yaayaa Sigalo, Bariaalo Kpoora,
          Barida Biee, Sunday Torbel, Joseph Deekor, Hawkin Poronen, Adolphus Gbarabe,
          Barinem Zighako, Josephine Zighakol, Tembari Mene Gbigha, John Baaba,
          Chief Sunday Legbara, Mrs. Mercy Legbara and Bariture Legbara. Some of them
          were said to remain detained at a military camp in Afram. In addition,
          Ariyakwee Nsirimovu, the Executive Director of Human Rights and Humanitarian
          Law (IHRHL) , was reportedly arrested during a raid on IHRHL headquarters in
        
          
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          Port Harcout on 27 March 1996. The authorities were reportedly looking for
          documents, including a report on the trial of Ken Saro-Wiwa. His whereabouts
          were unknown.
          351. Two other urgent appeals were sent by the Special Rapporteur, one
          on 17 June 1996 on behalf of Nnimmo Bassey, Chairman of the Environmental
          Rights Action and the Southern Zone of the Civil Liberties Organization, who
          was reportedly arrested on 5 June 1996 while leaving Nigeria to attend an
          environmental conference in Ghana. The second one was sent on
          13 December 1996 on behalf of Olabiyi Durojaiye, founding member of the
          National Democratic Coalition, reportedly arrested in Lagos on 3 December 1996
          by officers of the State Security Service.
          Pakistan
          352. By letter dated 9 October 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the
          Government the cases summarized in the paragraphs below.
          353. Shanaz, a 13-year-old girl employed as a housemaid in Lahore, was
          reportedly raped by her employer's son and threatened with death if she
          reported the incident. After her parents approached the employer regarding
          the incident, the employer allegedly filed a false case of theft against
          Shanaz and, as a consequence, she was arrested in October 1994. After a
          habeas corpus petition had been filed in the Lahore High Court by her brother,
          she was discovered in the home of a police subinspector in Model Town. The
          subinspector had allegedly raped her repeatedly in custody.
          354. Kaki, a 15-year-old Hindu girl, was reportedly abducted
          on 3 January 1995 from a temple in Giddu, Hyderabad district, by two army
          soldiers. A preliminary medical report confirmed that Kaki had been raped.
          Her parents allegedly received threats from the police to make them drop the
          charges against the soldiers.
          355. Niaz Bibi, reportedly detained by the excise police on 1 May 1995
          following a raid on her home to search for her brother-in-law, was allegedly
          kicked and beaten with sticks by police demanding money from her at the
          interrogation centre of the Excise Department.
          356. Seema Zarin, a worker for the Mohajir Quami Movement (MQM) , was
          reportedly arrested in Nazimabad on 31 August 1995. While interrogated about
          her MQM activities at the Crime Investigation Agency (CIA) centre in Civil
          Lines, Karachi, she was allegedly blindfolded, beaten and kicked.
          357. Aslam Sabzwari, a former MQM counsellor arrested on 6 July 1995 by
          plain-clothes officers in Nazimabad, reportedly died following interrogation
          in the Special Investigation Cell in the Federal B area of Karachi. The Sindh
          government apparently ordered an inquiry into his death.
          358. Shazia Bano, a 17-year-old pregnant woman, was allegedly raped by police
          officials in front of her husband, Farooq da da, alias Farooq Patni, at their
          home in Karachi on 2 August 1995. A number of officers had reportedly raided
          the home and severely beaten Farooq, his father-in-law Abdul Samad, and his
          brothers-in-law Abdul Wahid (aged 14) and Abdul Abid Abdul Sajid. (It was
        
          
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          alleged that Farooq was subsequently extrajudicially executed in an
          “encounter” at the airport area, while the other family members remained in
          custody.)
          359. Tariq Hussain Rizvi, an MQM worker arrested by police on 16 August 1995,
          was reportedly held incommunicado at CIA Jamshed Quarters police station in
          Karachi. He was later transferred to jail, where he died on 1 September. The
          autopsy report listed 26 injuries.
          360. Farhan Effendi, a journalist, was reportedly abducted by plain-clothes
          members of the Rangers in Hyderabad on 14 September 1995 and handed over to
          the Cantonment police station the next day. He was allegedly beaten severely.
          361. Feroze Uddin, an MQM worker from North Karachi, was reportedly arrested
          on 19 September 1995 and remanded in police custody on charges of assault on
          public servants. He was eventually taken by police and Rangers before a judge
          of a Special Court for the Suppression of Terrorist Activities. The judge
          reportedly commented on the numerous injuries to his body and ordered that he
          be remanded to judicial rather than police custody and that he be provided
          medical care. Those orders were allegedly ignored. He died on 28 or
          29 September of gunshots inflicted in an alleged “encounter” with police.
          362. Sayeed Hassan, reportedly arrested without charge on 12 December 1995 in
          New Karachi, was allegedly beaten by police at Buffer Zone police station in
          front of his brother. He died the following day, with his body bearing the
          marks of numerous injuries and bruises and his face swollen in the area where
          his beard had been pulled out.
          363. Shahid Dehalvi, an MQM worker reportedly arrested on 14 December 1995,
          was allegedly subjected to torture at New Karachi police station, including
          electric shocks, slashes with sharp instruments, burnings with cigarettes and
          hot rods, and the removal of his nails and hair. He was reportedly taken to
          Hyderabad and extrajudicially executed on 22 December 1995.
          364. Ashiq Mugal, an executive member of the Jammu Kashmir National Student
          Federation (NSF), was reportedly detained in Muzafarabad, Azad Kashmir, on
          9 February 1996. At the police station he was allegedly tortured, including
          being hung upside down as well as being placed into an apparatus identified
          as a shakania (which is said to have the effect of twisting the body into a
          contorted position) , after which a roller was used on his leg. He was later
          released and hospitalized.
          365. Khoja Hassan Mehmood, a member of the National Executive Council
          of the National Awami Party, was reportedly detained in Muzafarabad on
          11 February 1996 during a rally in commemoration of the death of Shaid
          Mohammad Maqbool Butt. At City police station he was allegedly kicked and
          beaten with sticks by about 20 officers. He lost consciousness and awoke
          unclothed and in handcuffs and leg fetters at Danna Khaelli police station.
          The police allegedly placed him in a shakania with a rope around his neck and
          beat and kicked him. During the next two days of interrogation he was
          allegedly hung upside down for over 40 hours and warned to discontinue his
          political activities.
        
          
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          366. Mehmood Baig, Chairman of a Muzafarabad college unit of the NSF, was
          reportedly arrested at the same rally as Khoja Hassan Mehmood. At City police
          station, he was allegedly blindfolded, placed in leg fetters, stripped of his
          clothes and subjected to a beating of 30 lashes. On 13 February he was
          transferred to Danna Khaelli police station and allegedly subjected to torture
          by the police, including beatings with sticks, being forced to consume human
          excrement and having a stick inserted into his penis.
          367. Amir Khoja, a member of the Jammu Kashmir NSF from Degree College,
          Muzafarabad, was reportedly arrested around 11 February 1996 during a rally in
          Muzafarabad and then taken to a “torture cell” where he was allegedly punched
          and beaten with sticks by around 40 police officers. His torture was said to
          include having a stick with chili powder inserted into his anus and beatings
          with sticks until he lost consciousness. He was also allegedly hung upside
          down with a rope, after which the rope was released, causing him to fall to
          the ground and sustain a severe injury to his head.
          368. Salim, son of Laila Khan, Landhi, Karachi, was reportedly arrested
          on 6 April 1996 and tortured at New Karachi police station. The police
          allegedly pulled his legs wide apart, leaving him chronically unable to walk.
          369. Rashid Ameen, an MQM worker, was reportedly arrested on 13 April 1996
          and remanded into police custody at New Karachi police station. There he was
          allegedly subjected to torture, including beatings with rifle butts and
          electric drilling. His body was produced by police on 27 April, with the
          explanation that he had been killed in an “encounter”. His body was said to
          bear signs of mutilation, including deep cuts and a broken arm, leg and nose.
          370. Abdus Saboor was reportedly arrested on 8 May 1996 because calls
          connected with MQM activities had been made on his phone. At New Karachi
          police station he was allegedly hung upside down and subjected to torture,
          causing him to vomit blood. He was reportedly left on the street close to his
          house and died shortly thereafter. A medical examination was said to have
          revealed that his death had resulted from torture.
          371. Nasir Bande Ali, an MQM worker, and his brother, Akbar Bande Ali, were
          reportedly arrested from their home by an officer of the Khawaja Ajmer Nagri
          police station on 12 May 1996. They were allegedly subjected to torture,
          including cuts all over their bodies. Nasir Bande Ali was reported to have
          been summarily executed by shooting on 23 May 1996.
          Urgent appeals
          372. On 5 March 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal in
          conjunction with the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary
          executions on behalf of Syed Ashraf Ali, Syed Naushad Ali, Syed Nusrat Ali and
          Mohammad Saleem, who were reportedly arrested on 29 February 1996, and Tanvir
          Adil Siddiqui, Ovais Siddiqui and Azizi Mustafa, who were reportedly arrested
          on 27 February 1996. They were all arrested without warrant in Karachi by
          members of the Rangers who reportedly handed them over to the police. They
          were being held incommunicado.
        
          
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          Other communications transmitted to the Government
          373. On 16 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur together with the Special
          Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and the Special
          Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers advised the Government
          that they had learned of the murder by two assailants of Nizam Ahmed, a former
          Justice of the Sindh High Court and a member of the Pakistan Bar Council, and
          his son Nadeen Ahmed. Nizam Ahmed had reportedly been receiving anonymous
          death threats in which demands were made that he withdraw a case that he had
          filed with the Sindh High Court in Karachi. Although he had reported the
          threats to the authorities, no steps were apparently taken to investigate the
          threats or provide him with protection. In addition, Nizam Ahmed had
          reportedly been questioned by members of the Intelligence Bureau following a
          dinner he had with the Special Rapporteur during the latter's visit to
          Pakistan in March. Two other persons present, 5.5. Pirzada and Mohammed Akram
          Sheikh, were also questioned. Akram Sheikh had received previous death
          threats relating to his activities as a lawyer. The Special Rapporteurs
          called upon the Government to investigate the threats against and murder
          of Nizam Ahmed and Nadeen Ahmed and to investigate the threats against
          Akram Sheikh and ensure his safety.
          Paraguay
          374. By letter dated 6 August 1996 the Special Rapporteur told the
          Government that he had received information according to which César Barrios,
          aged 18 years, a member of the Conscientious Objection Movement, had been
          arrested by soldiers on 4 November 1995 while travelling in a bus towards
          the town of Pirapey, Department of Itapua, to take part in a workshop on
          conscientious objection. Allegedly, on arrival at the headquarters of the
          Third Cavalry Division in Ciudad del Este, they applied to him a cloth
          dampened with formalin which put him partially to sleep, so that he fell to
          the ground, where they kicked him and threatened to rape him. Next they
          reportedly tied him to a chair and threatened him with a knife to make him
          give information on the conscientious objection movement in the country. It
          is claimed that they used formalin on him a second time and, all through the
          night, prevented him from sleeping. During 1995 three other conscientious
          objectors were allegedly arrested: Venancio Vera, aged 15, Pablo Osorio,
          aged 15, and Sebastimn Coronel. All of them, it is claimed, were arrested
          in San Joaquin by the police chief, who handed them over to the Oviedo
          Recruitment and Mobilization Centre, where they were allegedly beaten and
          subjected to harassment for four days.
          Peru
          375. By letter dated 16 September 1996 the Special Rapporteur reported to the
          Government that he had received information on the cases referred to in the
          following paragraphs.
          376. Gilber Smnchez Minaya, residing in the locality of La Aguaytia in the
          Santa Anita settlement, province of Padre Abad, Department of Ucayali, was
          arrested together with other persons on 29 May 1994 by members of the Peruvian
          Navy. Taken to the La Aguaytia Naval Base, he was allegedly given electric
          shocks and repeatedly beaten.
        
          
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          377. Irma Villaverde Rios, aged 19, and her partner Guillermo Romero Cierto,
          residing in Pucallpa, were arrested on 2 June 1994 by members of the Peruvian
          Navy on arrival at the naval checkpoint in Huipoca. Later they were taken to
          the Huipoca base and to the one in La Aguaytia (Department of Ucayali) , where
          Irma Villaverde was allegedly beaten, raped and subjected to electric shocks.
          Guillermo Romero Cierto was allegedly also beaten and subjected to electric
          shocks.
          378. Jesus Vladimir Osorio Anaya, a student, was arrested on 16 January 1995
          during a police operation carried out in the Avenida Universitaria by group
          Delta One of the National Directorate against Terrorism (DINCOTE) . He was
          taken to DINCOTE premises where he was allegedly kept incommunicado.
          Nevertheless, his family was able to receive written notes from him saying
          that he had been tortured. On 8 February his family brought habeas corpus
          proceedings before the rota criminal court, which ordered forensic medical
          examinations whose findings allegedly proved that the detainee bore obvious
          lesions, despite the existence of a forensic medical certificate, dated the
          day after he was brought to DINCOTE premises, which apparently states that the
          detainee displayed no lesions of any kind.
          379. David Paullo Morveli was arrested on 6 March 1995 in Jauja, Junin, by
          soldiers who took him to the military base at that place, where he allegedly
          underwent ill-treatment. As delegate of the peasant community of Cubantia,
          province of Satipo, Junin, he had reportedly been arrested on other occasions,
          in particular on 3 February 1995, when they had allegedly taken him to a river
          bank and tried to drown him, as well as beating him while he was tied to a
          tree. At the same time, it was claimed, several soldiers had raped his wife.
          A few months later, it was said, David Paullo Morveli and his family left the
          country.
          380. TomIs Flores Huanio was arrested together with other persons
          on 19 April 1995 by Peruvian naval personnel stationed at Contamana,
          San Lorenzo, administrative area of the district of Sarayacu, Ucayali, when
          he attended a meeting convened by the said personnel. Allegedly, during his
          detention he was subjected to torture and was in an extremely enfeebled
          condition, which was why he had lodged a complaint with the rota Provincial
          Prosecutor's Office, Pucallpa.
          381. José Eugenio Chamaya Rumacharis was arrested on 22 September 1995 by
          police from the Santa Felicia station, Lima, who allegedly beat him and
          submerged him in water. A few hours later he died from cardiac arrest.
          A lieutenant and a subordinate member of the national police, considered
          responsible for what had occurred, were reportedly placed at the disposal of
          the Fortieth Penal Prosecutor's Office, Lima.
          382. Justo Otiniano Quiflones, Vice-President of the Conchamarca, La Libertad,
          Peasant Patrol, was arrested on 30 March 1996 by army personnel from the
          Retamas base. During his detention he was allegedly beaten severely. They
          also reportedly bound him hand and foot and threw him into a pool of water,
          where they went on beating him.
          383. Juan Gutiérrez Silva was arrested on 6 July 1996 by a soldier who
          accused him of shooting at his girlfriend and took him to the provincial
        
          
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          headquarters of the national police at Tocache, San Martin, where he was
          allegedly beaten. A medical report is said to have confirmed the presence
          of cranial and abdominal injuries and of multiple knife wounds.
          384. On the same date as stated above the Special Rapporteur again submitted
          to the Government the case of Justiniano Hurtado Torres, first transmitted on
          10 July 1995. This person was arrested on 27 November 1994 in the village of
          San Pedro de Chio, Humnuco, by navy personnel who allegedly tortured him.
          Later he was reportedly handed over to the national police at La Aguaytia.
          On 11 December he was taken to the health centre in a coma and died a few
          hours later. The Government replied that, during his stay in the premises of
          the national police, Mr. Hurtado was properly treated, and that his death
          was due to natural causes. Information on this case received later from
          non-governmental sources indicates that the provincial prosecutor of
          Padre Abad had decided to file definitively the criminal charge of aggravated
          homicide brought against the commandant of the La Aguaytia naval base and an
          officer of the national police. On 14 February 1996 the Senior Public
          Prosecutor of Ucayali ordered that the charge should be filed definitively.
          The sources mentioned considered this decision blameworthy since it left the
          acts in question unpunished. The Special Rapporteur requested the Government
          to provide comments on the reasons for the claim that the death was due to
          natural causes, including the forensic medical report if any.
          Information received from the Government on cases transmitted in prior years
          385. In July 1995 the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the Government the
          case of Jhoel HuamIn Garcia, who died while in police custody at Pasco. For
          its part, the Government replied that disciplinary measures had been taken
          against those responsible. On 15 May 1996 the Government sent supplementary
          information according to which the members of the national police force
          concerned in the case had been incarcerated at the Cerro de Pasco penal
          establishment, with a warrant for their definitive detention.
          Urgent appeals and the Government's replies
          386. On 3 January 1996 the Special Rapporteur sent, jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers, an urgent appeal
          on behalf of Lori Berenson, a United States citizen arrested by the police
          on 30 November 1995 and charged with participating in acts of terrorism.
          387. Another urgent appeal was sent on 5 March 1996, this time on behalf of
          Magna de la Cruz VIsquez, a social worker arrested in Lima on 28 February 1996
          by members of DINCOTE. On 29 August 1996 the Government reported that she had
          been cleared of the charges laid against her.
          Philippines
          388. On 4 June 1996 the Government replied to a number of cases that the
          Special Rapporteur had transmitted on 18 September 1995 (see E/CN.4/35/Add.1,
          paras. 559-560 and 562) . The replies are summarized in the paragraphs below.
          389. Ruben Palmones was allegedly beaten severely by Philippine Army soldiers
          on 10 August 1994. According to the Government, the alleged victim had stated
        
          
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          that he was not interested in pursuing any case against the soldiers, as he
          did not know their identities and because they had only been performing their
          job when they brought him to the army camp. Because he did not wish to file a
          complaint and because the soldiers were in actual performance of their duty
          when the incident occurred, there was no basis to file administrative or
          criminal charges against the perpetrators and the file was closed for lack of
          evidence.
          390. In the cases of Renante Gamara, Pedro Baba Jr., Bonifacio Ilagan,
          Bernardo Aragoza and Aria Pagcaliwagan, who were allegedly tortured at a series
          of safe houses by officers of the Philippine National Police Corillera
          Regional Command (PNP-CRECOM) on 26 August 1994, the personnel who had
          participated in their arrest had vehemently denied allegations of torture or
          ill-treatment. Records indicated that the detainees had not been tortured or
          ill-treated, as evidenced by a medical certificate showing them to be in good
          physical and mental condition and revealing no indication of maltreatment or
          injury on their bodies. The criminal charges against the alleged victims had
          been dismissed by the Provincial Prosecutor for the failure of the personnel
          to follow the legal doctrine of “reasonable suspicion founded on probable
          cause”.
          391. Jerry Buttial, who was allegedly tortured following his arrest
          on 31 March 1995, had been charged with the murder of a police officer and
          his case was being heard at the Manila Regional Trial Court. During the
          custodial investigation he had been duly apprised of his constitutional rights
          and had chosen to remain silent. He had been visited by his relatives, as
          well as by representatives of non-governmental organizations. He had received
          medical examinations at his own request and had been interviewed by the media.
          He had never been subjected to torture or any form of harassment.
          Poland
          392. By letter dated 10 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information on the case of Maciej Czarnocki,
          who was reportedly beaten by police officers on 30 September 1995 in the
          centre of Warsaw. On 9 September 1996 the Government replied that
          Maciej Czarnocki had been observed by two officers stumbling in the middle of
          the street and had refused to produce his identification. When asked to get
          into the police car he had thrown himself on the floor and screamed, “People,
          help me.” During the drive in the car he hit his head against the window and
          kicked with his feet in the back seat. A doctor who examined him the next
          day found bruises on his chest, hands and thighs. On 5 October 1995
          Maciej Czarnocki filed notice alleging brutal treatment and theft by the
          police officers. The District Prosecutor's Office in r6dmie cie carried out
          an investigation and decided on 1 February 1996 to discontinue the proceedings
          because the circumstances lacked the characteristics of an offence. As the
          decision was issued by a body independent of and superior to the police, the
          accusations against the police officers should thus be regarded as unfounded.
          393. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted the case of Olaf Nehring, a
          German national, who was reportedly pulled out of his car, beaten and kicked
          by four police officers on 25 November 1995, near the border between Poland
          and Germany. At the police station in Zary he was allegedly kicked, thrown
        
          
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          down a flight of stairs, dragged up the stairs while being held by his
          handcuffs and denied food or drink for two days. He was charged with
          assaulting police officers. A medical examination revealed multiple bruising
          of the thorax, the left upper arm and wrist, abrasions to the left wrist and
          right index finger and both knees and abdominal trauma. The Government
          replied that Olaf Nehring, who had been stopped for speeding, had refused to
          show his documents and had then pushed a police officer away from his car and
          hit him in the face. The police officer then applied measures of direct
          coercion, using overpowering grips and handcuffs. Olaf Nehring underwent a
          medical examination before being taken to the police detention room, but the
          doctor found nothing untoward.
          Portugal
          394. By letter dated 10 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur informed the
          Government that he had received information on the two cases summarized below.
          The Government replied to them by letter of 17 September 1996.
          395. Joaquim Teixeira reportedly had an argument with officers of the Public
          Security Police (PSP) outside a club in Vila Real on 19 June 1995. He was
          then arrested and taken to the local police station, where he was allegedly
          beaten with a truncheon, kicked and punched. A medical certificate reportedly
          indicated that he had received stitches for three head wounds and had
          sustained injuries to his back, chest, sides and face. The Government
          reported that following the complaint filed by Mr. Teixeira charges of
          bodily harm had been brought against one member of the PSP.
          396. Duarte Teives, a lawyer, reportedly had an argument with PSP officers
          about a parking place. He was allegedly kicked and beaten repeatedly, as a
          result of which he suffered a fractured leg. The Government reported that
          proceedings on this case were under way.
          Information received from the Government with regard to cases included in
          previous reports
          397. By letter dated 16 October 1996 the Government transmitted information
          on the cases mentioned in the following paragraphs.
          398. Carlos Robelo, arrested on 3 March 1993 in Lisbon and allegedly beaten
          severely by judicial police officers. The Government reported that no
          judicial proceedings were initiated with respect to this case. It also
          reported that, according to a report from the judicial police, Mr. Robelo's
          injuries were due to the fact that he had tried to escape and the police
          therefore had to force him into their vehicle. The fractures, however, were
          not due to police action.
          399. Orlando Correia, allegedly assaulted by judicial police officers
          on 9 September 1992 in Guarda prison. According to the Government, the court
          in charge of the proceedings decided to file the case for lack of evidence
          corroborating Mr. Correia's account of the facts. A similar decision was
          taken by the organs in charge of the disciplinary proceedings.
        
          
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          Republic of Korea
          400. By letter dated 24 January 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted the
          case of Park Chang-hee, aged 63, who was reportedly arrested in April 1995 by
          the Agency for National Security and Planning (ANSP) under the National
          Security Law. During 19 days of interrogation, he was allegedly subjected to
          sleep deprivation, hit with books, and forced against his will to drink
          alcohol. This ill-treatment reportedly pressured him into signing a
          “confession” to membership of the North Korean Workers' Party. He tried
          to withdraw the confession during questioning by the prosecution, but was
          allegedly beaten and threatened as a result. On 29 April 1996 the Government
          replied that Chang-hee Park had filed a complaint alleging torture and
          ill-treatment, which prosecutors were investigating.
          401. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted the case of Park Young-saeng, a
          staff member of the National Association of Street Vendors, who was reportedly
          arrested with 12 other street vendors on 26 August 1995. At Song-dong police
          station they were reportedly beaten; Park Young-saeng was allegedly subjected
          to various forms of torture while his hands and feet were tied to a stick and
          the stick was hung between two tables (the “barbecue” position) . After he
          asked to be taken to hospital, he was allegedly strangled and beaten on the
          abdomen. He was also reported to have had his mouth taped shut with a
          gasoline-soaked towel stuffed into it. The Government replied that
          Young-saeng Park had attacked and threatened the investigating officers and
          kicked the desk-top glass. There was no evidence to support claims that he
          was beaten. He had not been stripped of his clothes, but had taken them off
          of his own accord. During his detention, he began to fast and beat his body
          against the iron bars. He was therefore handcuffed and bound with a rope and
          placed in solitary confinement. As he was continuously yelling and screaming
          and keeping the other prisoners from sleeping, a towel was taped around his
          mouth, but it was removed after 10 minutes. There was no evidence to support
          claims that he was tortured. At the police station he did not make any such
          claims, but had alleged torture only at the district court trials.
          402. In a subsequent letter dated 24 September 1996 the Special Rapporteur
          informed the Government of reports that he had received indicating that during
          the course of police operations between 10 and 22 August 1996 against students
          from a number of universities staging a demonstration at Yonsei University in
          favour of the reunification of the Korean peninsula, a substantial number
          of persons were arrested and subjected to severe beatings, including
          Ii Seung-joon, Myoung Ho and Yi-Jae Hyun. Others were reportedly injured
          by excessive tear-gassing, beatings with batons and being struck by rocks
          and tear-gas bombs, including Kim Hyun-ki, Tak Soo-Keun, Oh Seung-joon,
          Jung In-sun, Kim Jae-hong and Yoo Jung-hyup.
          403. On 20 August, around 5,000 special task force officers reportedly
          stormed the general building at Yonsei University. Many of the 1,800 students
          inside were allegedly dragged out of the building and beaten with fists and
          police batons and some were made to crawl over pieces of broken glass and bomb
          shell fragments. A number of female students were allegedly sexually molested
          during the course of the operation. Yang Han-seung was allegedly beaten
          all over his body by some 10 officers, resulting in injuries requiring
          21 stitches. Cho Hyoung-kyu was allegedly kicked in the face by an officer,
        
          
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          as a result of which teeth were broken, Oh Oon-shik was reportedly struck by
          a tear-gas bomb, which damaged his cornea and left him in need of surgery.
          404. At the time of the above-mentioned operation in the general building,
          some 2,500 students who had been occupying the science building reportedly
          began to leave the premises through the west gate of Yonsei University.
          Many of the students were allegedly beaten with batons or kicked by police
          in the residential area around the gate, including inside some residences.
          Park No-chil was allegedly beaten severely on the face, resulting in the
          breaking of eight of his teeth and a severe cut to the mouth, and was
          subsequently taken to hospital. Kim Kang-shik was allegedly beaten on
          the head with batons and taken to hospital, where he received 10 stitches.
          Cho Yoon-joo was allegedly kicked and beaten with police batons and shields
          after she had fallen down while trying to elude the police. She was then
          allegedly beaten further in the police van. A number of students were also
          reportedly subjected to ill-treatment following arrest, including Kim Man-soo,
          Jung Jae-hoon and Hong Sae-hee.
          Romania
          405. By letter dated 7 August 1996, the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the
          Romanian Government information on the following cases.
          406. loan Epure was arrested in March 1993 by the Pa cani police on suspicion
          of murder. During the investigation, he was reportedly stripped and beaten
          with iron bars and rubber truncheons and his chest compressed with a board
          beaten on with a hammer. The Iafl Military Prosecutor's Office had decided
          not to prosecute the police officers, but the Bucharest Military Prosecutor's
          Office reversed that decision in April 1994, deciding to make a further
          investigation.
          407. Liviu-Petri or Oprea was taken to the CSmpina police station in
          April 1993. When his father came to look for him, he reportedly found him
          lying on the ground with signs of blows to the head and nape of the neck. The
          hospital to which he was taken is said to have diagnosed cranial and cervical
          injuries. The Bucharest Military Prosecutor's Office allegedly decided to
          order the police officers responsible to be prosecuted for abusive conduct.
          The trial before the Bucharest military tribunal is reported to be under way.
          408. Robert Radu, 18 years of age, was reportedly arrested on 10 January 1995
          in Constanta for attempted rape. He was allegedly beaten at the municipal
          police station, then taken to hospital and admitted for treatment of multiple
          contusions, an open fracture and bruises. An investigation has reportedly
          been opened.
          409. Ilie Cojoc was reportedly arrested on 14 January 1995 and taken without
          explanation to the Suceava departmental police station, where he was beaten
          during his four days of detention. The medical certificate allegedly
          mentions, inter alia , multiple lesions on his entire body and inflamed and
          infected kidneys. Four police officers are said to have been charged with
          illegal arrest and investigation.
        
          
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          410. Kiss Istvan was reportedly visited on 23 January 1995 by three police
          officers who were to escort him to the Satu-Mare tribunal, where he was
          scheduled to appear as a witness. Two hours later, he was allegedly found in
          the street near the police station in a very serious condition. He was
          reportedly rushed to the hospital, where he died.
          411. Viorel Constantin was reportedly beaten severely by police officers and
          two constables from whom he had requested an explanation regarding the
          ill-treatment inflicted several days previously on his 14-year-old son for
          failure to carry an identity card. The alleged incident took place on
          2 April 1995 outside a bar in Tändärei (125 kilometres east of Bucharest)
          The certificate issued on the following day by the Slobozia forensic
          laboratory indicated, inter alia , the presence of multiple contusions on his
          chest and back, a cracked clavicle and a ruptured left eardrum.
          412. Gabriel Mitu, 16 years of age, was reportedly arrested on 3 July 1995 on
          suspicion of theft and taken to the Suditi (lalomita) police station. When
          his father-in-law, Alfred Panä, came to request an explanation of this arrest,
          he too was arrested and beaten. In particular, the police chief and his
          assistant are alleged to have beaten Mr. Panä's head against the walls. It is
          reported that Gabriel Mitu and Alfred Panã were released on the following day.
          Alfred Panä allegedly complained of headaches and abdominal pains and, on
          6 April 1996, was reportedly found dead. An investigation has allegedly been
          opened by the Bucharest Military Prosecutor's Office.
          Information received from the Government on cases included in previous reports
          413. By letter dated 8 January 1996, the Romanian Government provided further
          information on the following cases transmitted by the Special Rapporteur
          in 1993 and 1994.
          414. Viorel Baciu was reportedly tortured in 1988 at the Suceava police
          station in an effort to make him confess to the crimes of which he was
          accused. According to the Romanian Government, two police officers were
          prosecuted during 1994 by the Bacau military prosecutor.
          415. Mihai Poteras was reportedly beaten in 1993 at the Pascani police
          station. According to the Romanian Government, the lasi Military Court
          sentenced two police officers to one and two years of prison, respectively,
          for illegal investigation.
          416. Gheorghe and Dorm Anghel were reportedly beaten by police officers on
          3 August 1994 in Sugag. According to information provided by the Romanian
          Government, the military prosecutor decided not to prosecute the police
          officers.
          Russian Federation
          417. By letter dated 23 September 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had continued to receive information concerning cases of
          persons allegedly tortured or ill-treated during the course of military
        
          
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          operations in the Chechen Republic. The allegations from the Chechen Republic
          as well as two other cases transmitted to the Government are summarized in the
          paragraphs below.
          418. Magomed Butsaev, a senior instructor in a railway civilian guard unit,
          and a number of his fellow villagers, including Ruslan Serbev, Salman
          Tselikov, Katash, Yahya Beisultanov, Wahid Magomadov, Aslan Ginaev, Subyar
          Daudov, Ali Chadyev (a Chervlenaya military administration chief) , Ramzan
          Tolsultanov, Beslan Tolsultanov, Khalazhi Gabarov and Pasha, were reportedly
          detained in Chervlenaya and beaten at a nearby base by soldiers wearing masks
          on 14 January 1995. On 15 and 16 January the detainees were allegedly
          threatened with death and made to stay motionless on their knees with their
          hands tied behind their backs; those who moved were beaten. A number of the
          detainees were subsequently transferred to the “filtration” camp in Mozdok and
          subjected to further beatings. Magomed Butsaev was allegedly given electric
          shocks during interrogation by masked officials, before being released on
          24 January. The detainees were said to have sustained bruises and some,
          including Magomed Butsaev and Yahya Beisultanov, reportedly suffered broken
          ribs. Magomed Butsaev subsequently left Chervlenaya to receive medical
          treatment in Dagestan.
          419. Salimhan Sultanovich Temurziev, an Ingush living in Grozny, was
          reportedly detained by Russian soldiers on 9 January 1995. At the army
          headquarters at a cannery, he was allegedly tied to a pole, beaten, cut with
          knives and burned with cigarette butts. He was subsequently transferred to
          the “filtration” camp at Mozdok where he was allegedly beaten with clubs,
          kicked and punched in order to make him confess to taking part in rebel
          activities.
          420. Magomed-Rashid Akhmetovich Pliev, an Ingush journalist residing in
          Grozny, was reportedly detained on 17 January 1995. At the Mozdok
          “filtration” camp, he was allegedly beaten, including with clubs and rifle
          butts, and subjected to electric shocks. The reported purpose of the torture
          was to coerce him into admitting to being a Chechen rebel fighter. He was
          released on 24 January and removed to Ingushetia.
          421. Wahid Mikhailovich Tsomaev was reportedly detained in Assinovskaya
          on 18 January 1995, having fled there from Grozny to escape the war. He was
          taken to Mozdok and allegedly beaten, hung by his handcuffs and subjected
          repeatedly to electric shocks. On 26 January he was taken by helicopter to
          Khasavyurt, Dagestan, where he was reportedly exchanged for Russian prisoners
          of war.
          422. Shahid Isidovich Batashev was reportedly detained on 29 January 1995 at
          a checkpoint near Assinovskaya and allegedly beaten while blindfolded with his
          hands tied. He was subsequently transferred to the airport at Sleptsovskaya,
          where officials allegedly broke his nose with a club and broke his jaw with a
          rifle butt. He was then transported to Mozdok by helicopter and allegedly
          beaten again, before being released four days later. In addition to the
          broken nose and jaw he was also said to have sustained three broken ribs and
          injuries to his liver and to a kidney.
        
          
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          423. Olga Sokulova was allegedly raped by four masked soldiers during a raid
          on her house in Assinovskaya in January 1995.
          424. Isani Hanoev, a villager from Assinovskaya, was reportedly detained
          on 25 March 1995, along with his father and two other villagers. The four men
          were allegedly blindfolded and beaten before being taken to a nearby army
          base, where Isani Hanoev was tortured and subjected to electric shocks. They
          were transferred to Mozdok by helicopter on 29 March. During the journey and
          upon their arrival at the airport they were reportedly beaten with rifle
          butts and kicked. Isani Hanoev was released on 6 April after signing a
          “no-grievance” statement.
          425. Ruman Suleimanov and his 16-year-old brother, Adlan Suleimanov, were
          reportedly beaten by soldiers at their home in Samashki on 8 April 1995.
          Ruman and about 80 other detainees were later taken to an army base in the
          Sunzha mountain range and were allegedly beaten along the way. After being
          interrogated and released at Saptsovskaya, Ruman was reportedly hospitalized
          for injuries suffered as a result of the severe beatings, including three
          broken ribs and a fractured thigh-bone.
          426. Makhmudemin Denisultaevich Iziev, reportedly detained at a checkpoint of
          the Interior Ministry forces (MVD) between Samashki and Sernovodsk on
          7 April 1995, was taken in a car blindfolded and handcuffed along with a
          number of other detainees to a location near Assinovskaya. There he was
          allegedly beaten repeatedly, especially on the kidneys and chest. He was also
          allegedly subjected to electric shocks, including to the mouth. He reportedly
          lost consciousness several times and suffered burns to his nose. He was
          transferred by helicopter to Mozdok on 10 April and allegedly beaten again,
          before being released on 18 April.
          427. Dmitry Valeryevich Kalitsinsky, V.N. Uyupin and K.E. Shekhovtsov were
          reportedly arrested on 4 November 1994 by police officers in Uglegorsk,
          Sikhalin region, in connection with a robbery which had occurred on the
          previous evening. Uyupin and Shekhovtsov were driven into the outlying hills
          and allegedly beaten with iron rods in order to make them confess to the
          robbery. Shekhovtsov was then reportedly taken to a cemetery, shown a pistol
          and told to dig his own grave, after which he admitted to robbing the shop.
          Kalitsinsky was taken to the police station in Uglegorsk where he was
          allegedly beaten and hit over the head with a chair so that he would confess
          to the robbery. Later all three detainees were allegedly beaten by police
          officers. Kalitsinsky was allegedly chained to a radiator, beaten and kicked,
          causing him to suffer a concussion and bruised ribs. On 7 November,
          Kalitsinsky reportedly informed the district procurator that officers had
          ill-treated him, but no action was taken. He was released on 2 December 1994,
          but rearrested three days later, allegedly because had told his family and
          villagers about his ill-treatment. He filed a statement against the officers
          allegedly responsible in July 1995, but withdrew it under pressure from
          officials in prison. The three men were reportedly convicted of the offence,
          despite the fact that Kalitsinsky and Shekhovtsov had withdrawn statements
          that had allegedly been extracted under torture. Kalitsinsky was given a
          six-year custodial sentence on 6 March 1996.
        
          
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          428. Sultan Kurbanov, a Chechen living in Moscow, was reportedly detained
          from his flat in Moscow by two police officers on 16 January 1996. He and his
          family were told that he was to be taken to police headquarters at Ulitsa
          Petrovka 38, but he was instead brought to a warehouse or depot in the region
          of Kuntsova. There some ten persons emerged from a bus parked nearby and
          allegedly beat him severely with batons and sticks. A local person who
          discovered him wounded on the street took him to the nearest police station,
          but the police allegedly refused to help. A relative later took him to Moscow
          city hospital number one, where he allegedly overheard a conversation among
          nurses to the effect that under orders from the head doctor, they could not
          treat Chechens. The relative then reportedly told the hospital staff that
          Sultan Kurbanov was Ossetian, after which he received treatment, including
          stitches to wounds on his face and head.
          Urgent appeals
          429. On 20 March 1995 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal in
          conjunction with the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary
          executions and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on
          internally displaced persons, concerning the situation in the Chechen
          Republic. A large number of persons had reportedly been killed, some
          deliberately, and many injured persons were trapped in Sernovodsk, following
          military operations. Humanitarian aid workers had been denied access to the
          area. Men between the ages of 16 and 55 in the towns of Sernovodsk and
          Samashki were reportedly being transferred to “filtration” camps.
          Information received from the Government on cases included in previous reports
          430. By letter dated 29 February 1996, the Government replied to the
          allegations the Special Rapporteur had transmitted in his letter of
          18 September 1995 (see E/CN.4/1996/35, para. 140 and E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1,
          paras. 568-573) . Concerning the situation in the Chechen Republic, the
          Government stated that in the course of measures to restore the constitutional
          order in areas marked by fighting, some persons had been lawfully detained to
          check their identity and possible participation in serious crimes. From the
          time temporary “filtration” points had opened until 13 December 1995,
          1,416 persons had passed through such points and 222 of them had been
          exchanged with the Dudaev faction. Seventy per cent of the detainees had been
          released after verification of their identities, while those suspected of
          having committed serious crimes had been sent to remand centres in Stavropol
          and Pyatigorsk. Many of the detainees, having come from areas of armed
          conflict, had sustained physical injuries. They had been given the necessary
          medical assistance. The office of the interregional procurator had constantly
          monitored the legality of their detention. Places of detention had been
          systematically visited by representatives of the International Committee of
          the Red Cross and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe,
          deputies of the State Duma, leaders of the Chechen Republic and
          representatives of the mass media and of human rights organizations. They had
          been given the opportunity to hold confidential conversations with the
          detainees. No instances of human rights violations or violations of the law
          had come to light and no complaints or declarations of mistreatment of
          detainees had been made.
        
          
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          431. With regard to the individual cases from the Chechen Republic that the
          Special Rapporteur had transmitted, Chingizkhan Uveysovich Amirkhanov had been
          held in Mozdok from 11 to 16 January 1995 and Magomed Maksharipovich Meyriyev
          had been held in Mozdok from 12 January to 15 February 1995; they were later
          transferred to the remand prisons in Pyatigorsk and Stavropol respectively.
          Criminal proceedings had been instituted by the Office of the Procurator of
          the Ingush Republic for violations of law by these two men and by Azamat
          Paragulov. The investigatory authorities as yet had no evidence of violence
          having been used against these persons. To ensure that the matter would be
          investigated by qualified personnel, it had been transferred to the Caucasian
          Interregional Procurator's office. The investigation was being monitored by
          the Office of the Procurator-General of the Russian Federation.
          432. As to the case of Andrei Vyacheslavovich Altukhov, who had allegedly
          been beaten nearly to death by police in Orel on 2 September 1993, he had been
          sentenced by the Zheleznodorzhny District People's Court in Orel in March 1994
          to five years' imprisonment for theft. The Orel Regional Court had upheld the
          sentence. His allegation that the law was breached and that illegal methods
          were used against him during the investigation were checked and were proven
          unfounded.
          433. In a subsequent letter dated 19 June 1996, the Government replied to the
          case of Arutyunyan Artyom and Karapetyan Karen, which had been transmitted by
          the Special Rapporteur in his letter of 12 December 1995 (see
          E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, para 574) . They had allegedly been ill-treated at the
          Central Anti-Crime Department in Moscow in November 1995. The Government
          stated that A.G. Arutyunyan and K.P. Karapetyan had been arrested on
          19 November 1995 on a complaint concerning an abduction by officers from the
          8th section of the Regional Directorate for Organized-Crime Control of the
          Chief Directorate of Internal Affairs (RDOCD CDIA) . They were subsequently
          released, pending an investigation of the abduction case. They claimed that
          RDOCD CDIA officers had beaten them and forced them to give evidence. After
          an inquiry by the city procurator's office, criminal proceedings were
          instituted under article 171, section 2, of the Russian Criminal Code
          (exceeding of power or official authority) . The investigations, which were at
          a preliminary stage, were being undertaken by Moscow's Koptevskaya
          inter-district procurator's office.
          Saudi Arabia
          434. The Special Rapporteur made two urgent appeals on behalf of persons who
          had been sentenced to flogging. The first appeal, transmitted on
          11 April 1996, concerned two secondary school students who had been sentenced
          by an Islamic court in Taif on 25 March 1996 for assaulting a teacher.
          Nasir Al-Shibani was to receive a three-month prison sentence and 210 lashes,
          70 of which were to be administered before teachers and fellow students.
          Muhammad Majed al Shibani was to receive two months' imprisonment and
          150 lashes, 75 of which were to be given in front of students and teachers.
          The second appeal, transmitted on 1 August 1996, was made on behalf of
          Emad Abd el-Raouf Mohamed Said, an Egyptian national detained in Alma prison
        
          
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          in Abha, who was reportedly sentenced in May 1996 to 120 lashes and five
          months' imprisonment for theft. He was said to have already received
          80 lashes, with the remaining lashes to be administered on or around
          S August 1996.
          435. The Government replied to the two flogging appeals on 20 November 1996.
          The Government also replied on 23 February 1996 to three urgent appeals
          concerning flogging that had been transmitted in 1995 (see
          E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, paras. 587-589) . In the replies, the Government stated
          that it greatly regretted the Special Rapporteur's description of legal
          judgements handed down by a Shari'a court in an Islamic country as falling
          within the category of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. The
          Government's regret bordered on indignation in the light of the Special
          Rapporteur's urging that it refrain from applying the penalty of flogging to
          those criminals. Flogging is a penalty prescribed by the Islamic Shari'a,
          which the Government considers to be a true source of security, right and
          justice. The supremacy of Shari'a was too great and sublime to be questioned
          by anyone, since it is God's law applicable to his servants and He knows best
          what is beneficial or detrimental to His creation. When a Shari'a court
          passes a sentence, the Government's role is to implement it, without
          intervening to have it increased or reduced, since everyone is convinced that
          the sentence is just, as it was handed down in the light of a fair trial in
          accordance with the Islamic legal system. Both the Declaration on the
          Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel,
          Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and the Convention against
          Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
          stipulate that torture “does not include pain or suffering arising only from,
          inherent in or incidental to, lawful sanctions Thus, flogging is
          excluded from the definition of torture. Flogging is a penalty prescribed by
          the Shari'a on the implementation of which Islam insists in order to safeguard
          security and stability and establish standards and morals.
          436. The Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on 6 March 1996 on behalf
          of Muhammad Samir Said Aljabari, a 60-year-old national of Jordan and civil
          servant in the Saudi Arabia General Accountancy Department, who was reportedly
          arrested in July or August 1995 in Riyadh and was being held incommunicado in
          Taif, where he had allegedly been subjected to torture. On 6 May 1996 the
          Government replied that he was under investigation, the results of which would
          be presented before the court. He had not been subjected to any kind of
          torture and had been allowed to contact his relatives in Jordan.
          437. The Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on 9 April 1996 on behalf
          of Dr. Abdul Rahim Turan Gari Bai, who was reportedly arrested in early 1995
          in Jeddah in connection with suspected political activities. He was said to
          have been held without charge or access to legal representation since his
          arrest and to have been subjected to torture. On 20 November 1996 the
          Government replied that during the investigation, he had enjoyed the legally
          stipulated guarantees protecting accused persons and had not been subjected to
          any form of pressure, coercion or torture.
          438. The Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on 22 July 1996 on behalf
          of Abdullah Abbas al-Ahmad, Kamil Abbas al-Ahmad, Muhammad Ibrahim al-Ibrahim,
          Nasser ‘Ali Rahim and Ali Hassan al-Dawood, who were among dozens of suspected
        
          
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          political and religious oppositionists reportedly detained by General
          Intelligence in al-Qatif, Sayhat, Turaif, al-Jarudy and al-Awamiya during the
          first half of July 1996. They were said to be held incommunicado at the
          General Intelligence building in Damman.
          Senegal
          439. By letter dated 10 October 1996, the Special Rapporteur informed the
          Government that it had received information concerning the cases summarized
          below.
          440. Marêne Ndiaye was arrested in September 1994 for receipt of stolen goods
          and taken to a police station in Dakar, where she was reportedly tortured and
          then released on the same day. The following day, she allegedly came to the
          police station in order to file a complaint. She is then said to have been
          arrested for a second time and taken to the beach, where several police
          officers raped her and poured a flammable solvent over her genital. She
          reportedly filed a complaint in September 1994 and, in July 1995, a police
          superintendent and four police officers are said to have been arrested.
          441. louba Badji, said to be a local official of the Mouvement des forces
          démocratiques de Casamance (MFDC) , was reportedly arrested by soldiers on
          24 January 1995 in his village, district of Niaguis, and tortured in order to
          extract a confession. In particular, melted plastic was allegedly poured over
          his body. It is reported that he was then murdered by hanging and his body
          buried by the soldiers.
          442. Bakary Diédhiou was reportedly arrested and tortured by soldiers
          on 19 February 1995 in Bouloum, near Niaguis. They allegedly poured melted
          plastic over his body, leaving him with second- and third-degree burns. He is
          said to have died as a result of this torture.
          443. Anice Sambou was reportedly arrested during the night of 4-5 April 1995
          in Niaguis. The authorities are said to have suspected him of complicity with
          members of an armed independence movement. He was allegedly beaten with a
          rifle butt and died before arrival at the prison. According to some sources,
          his throat was slit at the Niaguis military camp.
          444. According to information received, many acts of torture are directly
          linked to the situation in Casamance. For example, in 1995, it is alleged
          that most of those arrested in that region as a result of massive police raids
          were tortured during the first few days of detention. These acts reportedly
          took place at the central police station in Ziguinchor, in the Nema district.
          The detainees were then allegedly beaten and tortured in order to extract
          confessions or information regarding their supposed ties with the MFDC. The
          mayor of Goudoump, Demba Ndiaye, is also said to have been subjected to
          torture, which included blows to the nose and ears, but no investigation
          appears to have been opened.
          Follow-up to cases transmitted in the past
          445. On 3 March 1994, the Special Rapporteur addressed an urgent appeal to
          the Government concerning Lamine Samb, who had been arrested on 17 February in
        
          
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          Dakar and had died two days later at the main hospital. On 8 July 1994, the
          Government, denying the accusations of ill-treatment, reported that
          Lamine Samb had been hospitalized for vomiting and dizziness and that his
          autopsy showed that his death had been due to a heart attack. However,
          according to recently received information, Lamine Samb was deprived of food
          and tortured while in detention. In particular, he is reported to have been
          hung head-down by the ankles. The results of his autopsy have reportedly not
          been made public.
          Slovak Republic
          446. By letter dated 10 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information on the case of Lubomir Pollak, who
          was reportedly approached by several police officers while photographing a
          student demonstration in Bratislava on 6 September 1995. At the police
          station in GunduliLleva Street, he was allegedly subjected to ill-treatment,
          including a karate chop to his neck, pulling off his ears, several kicks,
          including one to the groin, and having a breathalyser forced into his mouth
          against his will. On 3 October 1996 the Government replied that
          Lubomir Pollak had been taken to the police station after he refused to show
          his identification. Because of his aggressiveness, he was handcuffed and
          self-defence grips were used against him. An investigation undertaken by the
          Office of the Inspection Service of the Police Corps and the Office of the
          District Prosecutor in Bratislava resulted in the filing of the case. The
          Government attached to its reply a copy of the report of the psychiatrist who
          examined Lubomir Pollak and diagnosed acute stress disorder.
          Spain
          447. By letter dated 11 July 1996, the Special Rapporteur informed the
          Government that he had received information concerning the cases summarized
          in the following paragraphs. The Government replied in a letter dated
          26 September 1996.
          448. Manuel Enrico Carvalho, a Portuguese citizen of Mozambican origin
          residing legally in Spain, was reportedly arrested in Madrid on
          8 November 1994 by two officers of the national police while walking down the
          street in a normal manner. While being searched, he is said to have been
          kicked and his head struck repeatedly against a wall. It is reported that
          several hours later he received medical treatment for wounds to his head, jaw
          and legs. He was reportedly released the following day without having been
          charged and subsequently lodged a complaint. The Government reported that the
          person had categorically refused to produce his identity papers and had
          insulted the police officers who had requested them, which had led to his
          arrest. When he had resisted arrest, the police had been obliged to use the
          minimum force necessary to subdue him. The Madrid Police Headquarters
          provided the relevant confidential information on the events, granting access
          to their provisional records on 30 May 1995, in view of the lack of any
          evidence of responsibility on the part of the police officers.
          449. Sotero Etxandi was reportedly arrested on 27 February 1995 by the Civil
          Guard in the town of Arraioz, Nafarroa. He later informed the National High
          Court that he had received blows to his entire body and that his head had been
        
          
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          covered with a plastic bag until he lost consciousness. The judge reportedly
          ordered him to be examined by a forensic physician. The Government has
          transmitted copies of records of the judicial proceedings related to his
          arrest, including the report of the forensic physician ordered by the National
          High Court. According to that report, the detainee failed to respond when
          asked what treatment he had received. It is not indicated whether an
          investigation was carried out or whether a complaint was lodged for
          ill-treatment.
          450. The Special Rapporteur also retransmitted to the Government the
          following cases with a request for additional information concerning the
          replies previously provided.
          451. Kepa Urra Guridi was reportedly tortured after arrest by the Civil Guard
          in Basauri on 29 January 1992. This case was transmitted to the Government on
          26 August 1993, which replied in letters dated 13 December 1993 and
          27 October 1994 (E/CN.4/1994/31, paras. 485-487). The Special Rapporteur
          asked whether a judicial decision had been handed down and, if so, requested
          details thereof. The Government replied that the appeal on the grounds of
          torture had been rejected at first and second instance.
          452. José Francisco Lizaso Azkonobieta was reportedly tortured by members of
          the Civil Guard after being arrested in Usurbil, Guipuzcoa on 5 June 1994.
          The case was transmitted to the Government on 11 April 1995, which replied in
          a letter dated 18 July 1995 (E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, para. 611) . The Special
          Rapporteur also requested information concerning the results of the
          investigation into this case that had been ordered by the second division of
          the National High Court. The Government replied that on 26 January 1996, the
          court had ordered the case to be dismissed and archived.
          453. José Ramôn Diaz SIenz and Emilio Collazos Vega were reportedly tortured
          by police officers after being arrested in Vitoria on 2 March 1994. Their
          cases were transmitted to the Government on 11 April 1995, which replied in a
          letter dated 18 July 1995 (E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, para. 613) . The Special
          Rapporteur asked to be informed whether the investigation ordered by the
          second Court of Investigation of Vitoria-Gasteiz had been completed and, if
          so, what the result had been. The Government replied that the proceedings
          were still pending in anticipation of the filing of charges by the Office of
          the Prosecutor, which would take place in the near future.
          Sudan
          454. By letter dated 13 September 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted the
          cases summarized in the paragraphs below.
          455. Gift Matayo Warille, a southern Sudanese student, was reportedly
          arrested on 1 January 1995 in Khartoum for having attended while he was abroad
          a public meeting led by the leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Army
          (SPLA) . He was found in May 1995 in a military barracks in Khartoum with the
          right side of his body paralysed, allegedly as a result of his having been
          tortured. He reportedly died from his injuries one month later.
        
          
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          456. Mohamed Osman, a suspected opponent of the Government, was reportedly
          arrested in February 1995 and held at the “City Bank” secret detention centre.
          He was allegedly handcuffed to the door of his cell in a standing position for
          two days and beaten in the courtyard of the detention centre.
          457. Ibrahim Fateh al-Rahman, a student at the University of Khartoum, was
          one of 23 students and university graduates reportedly arrested by security
          forces on 2 September 1996 in al-Thawra, a suburb of Omdurman. He was
          allegedly tortured, resulting in his suffering fractured ribs.
          458. Reverend Phillip Abbas Gaboush, a cleric in his eighties from the
          Episcopal Church of Sudan, was reportedly arrested in late 1995 and taken to a
          secret place of detention, where he was allegedly kicked repeatedly, beaten
          and deprived of food and water for two nights.
          459. The following persons were reportedly arrested on 14 January 1996 and
          held until 18 May 1996 at the premises of the Executive Security: Taj Elsir
          Mekki Abu Zeid, Ibrahim Bilal, Mustafa Awad El-Kariem, Saif Eldeen El-Gadal,
          Abdalla Ali Adam, Ahmed El-toom Ali, Ahmed Suleiman Khogaly, Wadi, Ismail Musa
          Hamad, Mohammed Abu El-Kasim, Ibrahim Mohammed Ibrahim, Aid Fadl,
          Musa Ibrahim, Ahmed Abdel Rahaman, Abu Bakr Abbas, El-Hadi Tanjoor, Fadl Ahmed
          Nail, Awad Aman Alla and Yahia Adam. During their detention, they were held
          incommunicado and allegedly subjected to torture, which included beatings,
          lashings, hanging from the legs and hands while being doused with ice-cold
          water, sleep deprivation, enforced standing, prolonged standing on tip-toes
          and confinement to freezing cells. Some of the detainees were reportedly
          forced under torture to confess to activities in support of opposition groups
          operating out of Eritrea. The detainees were taken before a judge on 18 May,
          but they reportedly refused to confirm the confessions allegedly extracted
          through torture.
          460. The Special Rapporteur also informed the Government of a follow-up
          report he had received from the source of his 13 June 1996 urgent appeal on
          behalf of Ali Habeeb Alla and Adil Karrar (see below) . According to the
          information, Ali Habeeb Alla, whose actual age was 70, was transferred to a
          military hospital on 3 July 1996 after allegedly being subjected to torture,
          including severe beatings with plastic water hoses and being forced to walk
          across a hot iron.
          Urgent appeals transmitted and replies received
          461. On 12 February 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal in
          conjunction with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in
          the Sudan on behalf of Lieutenant Ahmed al-Badawi (ret.) and Farah Hasan
          Suleiman, who were reportedly arrested by the security forces in Khartoum on
          29 January 1996, and Dr. Atif Muhammad Idris, Musleh Salim Saeed,
          Babiker Muhammad Qarib Allah, Osman Muhammad Qarib Allah and Muhy al-Din Ali
          Daoud who were reportedly arrested in Khartoum on 31 January 1996. All of
          these persons were said to have been arrested in connection with their alleged
          involvement with the opposition organization Alliance of National Democratic
          Forces. On 31 May 1996 the Government replied that retired lieutenant Ahmed
          al-Badawi had been arrested on 19 January 1996 and was under investigation.
          Dr. Atif Muhammaed Idris had been arrested on 20 January 1996 and released on
        
          
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          18 February 1996. Musleh Salim Saeed had been arrested on 13 January 1996 and
          released the same day. All three men had been arrested because of their
          political activities. The other four persons mentioned in the urgent appeal
          had not been arrested at any time.
          462. On 23 February 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on
          behalf of al-Sir Mekki Abu Zeid, Hassabu Ibrahim, Walid Abu Seif and Ahmad
          al-Tom, who were said to be members of the Alliance of National Democratic
          Forces. They were reportedly arrested during the first week of February 1996
          in Khartoum by members of the security forces. Their whereabouts were
          unknown.
          463. On 4 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal in
          conjunction with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in
          the Sudan and the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary
          executions on behalf of 19 men convicted of armed robbery by a court in North
          Darfurhad between 16 and 25 May 1996. Reportedly, six of the men were to
          hang; three were to be hanged until dead, after which their bodies would be
          publicly crucified; and 10 were to suffer amputation of their right hand and
          left foot (cross-limb amputation)
          464. On 13 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on behalf
          of the following trade unionists, reportedly arrested in Khartoum on
          4 June 1996: Mahjoub al-Zubeir, Yahya Ali Abdullah, Minallah Abdelwahab
          Eissa, all former officers of the Sudanese Workers Trade Union (SWTUF) ; Yahya
          Saleh Mukwar, a former Sudan Doctors' Union official; Nasur Ali Nasur and Awad
          al-Karim Mohamed Ahmed. They had not been charged or brought to court and
          their whereabouts were unknown. The Special Rapporteur also appealed on
          behalf of Ali Habeeb Alla and Adil Karrar, who were reportedly arrested on
          16 May 1996 and were being held incommunicado in Kober prison. They both
          suffered medical problems. (The Special Rapporteur subsequently received
          information indicating that Ali Habeeb Alla had been tortured, as described in
          his letter of 13 September 1996 and summarized above.)
          465. On 28 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal in
          conjunction with the Chairman of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention and
          the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Sudan on behalf
          of a number of persons who had reportedly been arrested during the preceding
          10 days, allegedly for political reasons, and were being held incommunicado in
          the security service wing of Kober central prison. Among those reported to be
          detained were Mohammed El-Hafiz, Kamil Abdel-Rahaman El-Sik, Taha Sorij,
          Ali Isailat, Dali Rahmtalla, Abdalla Malik, Abdalla Abdel-Aziz, Omar Abdalla
          Jadalla, Ali Habiballa (aged 63) , Kamal Abdel-Karim Mirghani, El-Ustaz
          El-Buhra, El-Hag Osman, Mohammed Mahjoub (aged 66) , Taha Mohammed Taha,
          Mohammed Suleiman, Adil Karrar and Jthdel-Karim Karouma (aged 78) . Some of the
          detainees had allegedly been subjected to torture, including beatings and
          lashings. A number of the detainees were also reportedly being denied
          necessary medical attention.
          466. On 10 July 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal in
          conjunction with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in
          the Sudan on behalf of Galal Hamid (former Director of the Gezira
          (agriculture) Scheme) , Taj al-Sir Ahmad Abdallahi (President of Ahli Football
        
          
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          Club) , al-Kheir All Arbab, Abdeen Miheisi, Osman Abdelgader, Mohamed
          Abdelghafar and Mubarak Mohamed al-Hassan. They were among 30 men arrested on
          or around 23 June 1996 In Wad Medani In connection with alleged oppositionist
          activities. They were reportedly undergoing interrogation while held
          incommunicado in Sudan Security detention centres in Wad Medani and Barakat.
          467. On 25 July 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal in
          conjunction with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in
          the Sudan on behalf of Moneim Attia and Nagib Nejm al-Din, former Secretary
          General of the Sudan Doctors' Union, who were reportedly arrested in Khartoum
          on 8 and 13 July 1996 respectively. Nagib Nejm al-Din was taken to the
          security headquarters in Khartoum before being transferred to Khober prison on
          or around 20 July. The whereabouts of Moneim Attia were unknown. They were
          said to have been detained on suspicion of supporting the banned National
          Democratic Alliance (NDA)
          468. On 16 August 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on behalf
          of Mahamat Ousmane and Ahmat Abdoulaye, members of the Chadian armed
          opposition group National Council for Recovery, as well as Faki Adam, a member
          of the Dissident Chadian National Army. It was reported that they were among
          10 Chadian nationals arrested around 25 July 1996 in the Sudanese town of
          El Généima, near the Chadian border, by members of the Sudanese security
          forces. They were said to remain in detention without charge in El Généima
          prison, where they were feared to be at risk of torture. It was also feared
          that they may be facing forcible return to Chad, where they would also be at
          risk of torture and other human rights violations.
          469. On 13 September 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal in
          conjunction with the Chairman of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, the
          Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary detention and the
          Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Sudan on behalf of
          65 persons reportedly arrested in Port Sudan on 15 August 1996 on suspicion of
          attempting a coup d'etat . Among those detained were the following military
          officers: Gamal lusuf, Bushra Hamid Burma, Tariq Abu Abdu, Kamal al-Tigani,
          Faud Salih, Osman Atiat Allah, Jaknoon, Salah Karboni, Mohamed Mahmud,
          Abdallah al-Tayeb, Camillio Luthali, Salah Ahmad al-Jaber, Naser Kamal,
          Hassan al-Khatib, ‘Abd al-Maroug Hussein, al-Dardiri haf Ahmad, Ali Abbas Ali,
          and Taj al-Sir Sarbil. They were being held incommunicado and without charge.
          Concern was also expressed for the situation of the Chadian nationals
          mentioned in the urgent appeal of the Special Rapporteur of 16 August 1996.
          Information received from the Government on cases mentioned in previous
          reports
          470. On 14 February 1996 the Government replied to several cases that had
          been transmitted by the Special Rapporteur on 11 July 1994 (see
          E/CN.4/1995/34, paras. 683, 684 and 687) and to one case transmitted
          on 18 September 1995 (see E/CN./1996/35/Add.1, para. 632).
          471. With respect to Brigadier Mohamed Ahmed al-Rayah (ret.), who had
          allegedly been tortured extensively at a number of locations from
          20 August 1991 through late 1993, the Government stated that he had been
          sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment. The court had recommended that he be
        
          
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          awarded special treatment because of his senior rank in the army and thus he
          was exempted from wearing a prison uniform and was receiving many visits from
          his family and lawyers. He had previously submitted a complaint to the Chief
          Justice, who had formed a special committee to investigate. With respect to
          Sayed Omer Awad Abu Garju, who had allegedly been tortured at “ghost house
          No. 114' in Wad Medani and was feared to have been tortured to death, the
          Government stated that he had not been subject to arrest at any time. With
          respect to the 10 persons arrested at the house of Kamal Mekki Medani on
          2 September 1993 for holding a political meeting and sentenced and subjected
          to flogging for consumption of alcohol, the Government said that they had
          received a fair trial before a competent court. With respect to Ali al-Mahi
          al-Sakhi, President of the Central Foundry Workers' Trade Union, who had
          allegedly been tortured following his arrest along with five other persons in
          Khartoum in June 1994, the Government stated only that the arrested persons
          had engaged in subversive activities against the Government.
          472. In another letter dated 14 February 1996, the Government replied to the
          urgent appeal made by the Special Rapporteur on 17 October 1995 on behalf of
          Shihab Ali lousif, a student at the Faculty of Environmental Studies, Ahlia
          University of Omdurman, who had reportedly been arrested in September 1995 and
          tortured in custody (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, para. 660). The Government
          stated that he had been detained to protect his personal integrity, as the
          general atmosphere at Ahila University of Omdurman was very tense. He would
          be released as soon as the situation at the university returned to normal.
          Sweden
          473. On 21 November 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on
          behalf of Cercis Tükenmez, a Turkish national from Mardin, whose application
          for asylum in Sweden had reportedly been rejected. He had allegedly been
          subjected to torture following his arrest in Mardin, Turkey, in November 1993.
          An investigation carried out by a team of experts from the Center for Torture
          and Trauma Survivors in Sweden, including specialists in psychiatry, forensic
          medicine and dermatology, was reported to have confirmed the statements of
          Cercis Tükenmez regarding his torture and to have found him to be in need of
          psychiatric care. Fears were expressed that he might be detained and again
          subjected to torture upon his return to Turkey.
          Switzerland
          474. The Special Rapporteur transmitted to the Government the case of
          Ali Doymaz and Abuzer Tastan, Turkish Kurds with political refugee status in
          Switzerland, who were reportedly arrested by the police in Chiasso, Ticino, on
          6 April 1995, severely beaten and tied to a very hot radiator. According to a
          medical report, Ali Doymaz had swellings on the left side of his head and
          face, a red mark on his left clavicle and a very sore left shoulder, while
          Abuzer Tastan had bruises on both forearms.
          475. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted the case of Alpha Jththony
          Dickinson, a Gambian national who was reportedly expelled from Switzerland on
          15 September 1995 after having been ill-treated while under arrest there.
          During his flight back to Gambia, he was accompanied by two Swiss police
          officers, who allegedly gagged him with adhesive tape, tied his hands to his
        
          
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          seat, completely covered his face with a hat and placed a screen around his
          seat in order to hide him from the sight of other passengers. This treatment
          reportedly caused him to lose consciousness. The doctor who examined him in
          Gambia is said to have observed painful areas on his ribs and bruises on his
          feet.
          Urgent appeals
          476. On 17 April 1996, the Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special
          Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Sudan, transmitted an
          urgent appeal on behalf of Abdel Gadir Ahmed Fidail, a Sudanese national to
          whom the Swiss authorities had refused political asylum. It was feared that
          he might be arrested and tortured if he returned to the Sudan. On 2 May 1996,
          the Government replied that the authorities had found no evidence to suggest
          that Mr. Fedail would be exposed to any danger whatever if he returned to the
          Sudan. The Swiss embassy in Khartoum would observe whether his return took
          place without incident. Furthermore, Mr. Fedail was free to contact that
          embassy at any time.
          Syrian Arab Republic
          477. On 2 September 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on
          behalf of Anthony Zakaria Laki and his brother, Samuel Lado Zakaria, both
          Sudanese asylum seekers, who were being detained in the Syrian Arab Republic
          at Yarmuk immigration prison. They were expected to be forcibly returned to
          the Sudan within the next several days and fears were expressed that they
          would be at risk of torture or other ill-treatment if they were so returned.
          On 9 October 1996 the Government replied that Anthony Zakaria Laki and
          Samuel Lado Zakaria had expressed no objection to travelling to the Sudan
          with the help of the Sudanese Embassy at Damascus, as their lives were not in
          danger and they had no political problems in their country. The Government
          produced a declaration to this effect, apparently signed by the two men.
          Tunisia
          478. By letter dated 14 October 1996, the Special Rapporteur transmitted the
          cases summarized below, to which the Government replied on 29 November 1996.
          479. Mohamed Hedi Sassi was arrested on 18 April 1994. He was reportedly
          accused of belonging to a banned organization, distributing pamphlets
          advocating action against the public order and writing slogans on walls. It
          is alleged that while he was detained at the Den-Den and Bardo (Tunis) police
          station, he was suspended in various positions, that a liquid was poured into
          his nostrils and that he was severely beaten. The Government replied that
          Mohamed Hedi Sassi had not been held incommunicado or tortured. A committee
          responsible for investigating the conditions of treatment of detainees had
          considered that they conformed to national and international law.
          480. Adel Selmi, a student living in Paris, was arrested on 10 June 1994 on
          arrival at Tunis airport. He was reportedly accused of belonging to the
          illegal movement, al-Nahda, of having participated in a demonstration in
          January 1991 and of having collected money without authorization. It is
          alleged that he was suspended in various positions and that his head was
        
          
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          immersed in a basin of water. The Government replied that the person in
          question had not been subjected to any ill-treatment and had been allowed
          medical examinations and visits by relatives and lawyers.
          481. Najib Hosni, a lawyer, was placed in detention prior to his trial for
          misappropriation of funds, scheduled for 15 June 1995. On 8, 9 and
          10 November, he was allegedly tortured at the Ministry of the Interior in
          Tunis. He is said to have been suspended in the so-called “roast chicken”
          position and subjected to electric shocks. The Government replied that the
          interrogation had been carried out by the police under the conditions
          prescribed by law and that no complaint of ill-treatment had been lodged.
          482. Ismail Khemira, who was arrested in 1991 and sentenced to four years'
          imprisonment for activities related to the al-Nahda movement, is reported to
          have died in 1994 in the “9 April” prison in Tunis as a result of an infected
          spinal cord wound due to ill-treatment. It is reported that he was beaten in
          February 1994 and, according to a witness, was almost totally paralysed a week
          later. According to the Government, he had never complained of ill-treatment.
          He received regular medical check-ups and his death was due to natural causes.
          483. Sahnoun Jaouhari, a former member of the executive committee of the
          Tunisian Human Rights League, member of the al-Nahda movement and a
          journalist, reportedly died on 26 January 1995 in the “9 April” prison in
          Tunis. It is alleged that, at the beginning of his period of detention, he
          had been held incommunicado and violently beaten and that, despite his fragile
          state of health, he had not received the necessary medical care. Allegedly,
          on 17 January 1995, he was eventually taken to hospital and diagnosed as
          having cancer. He died soon after. According to the Government, he had not
          suffered any ill-treatment. The autopsy established that his death had been
          due to complications related to his cancer.
          484. Mohamed Tahar Brahmi, Lofti Hammami and Bourhan Gasmi were reportedly
          arrested in Tunis on 17 August 1996 and released on 25 August of that year.
          On 20 August, Raja Chamekh and Ali Jallouli (previously arrested on
          6 December 1995) were reportedly arrested in Tunis and Mohamed Dridi in
          el-Kef; they, too, were reportedly released on 25 August 1996. During their
          detention, they were allegedly held incommunicado and violently tortured. It
          is said they were suspended in the “roast chicken” position, their heads were
          submerged in water, and they were regularly beaten and deprived of sleep.
          According to the Government, the public health physician who examined them
          reported no signs of violence.
          485. The Special Rapporteur also retransmitted the cases of Bachir Abid,
          Ali Jallouli and Abdel Moumen Belanes, who were arrested in early
          December 1995 and reportedly held incommunicado at the Ministry of the
          Interior. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on their behalf on
          13 December 1995. On 11 January 1996, the Government replied that they had
          not been held incommunicado and had been brought to trial within the period
          stipulated by law. It also stated that the three persons had not been
          subjected to any ill-treatment. However, further information received from
          the source of the allegations indicates that the three detainees suspended in
          the so-called “roast chicken” position and by the feet, with their heads
          submerged in a basin containing water and a toxic substance. They are also
        
          
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          said to have been subjected to electric shocks and deprived of sleep and food.
          While detained in the “9 April” prison, they were said to have been visited by
          their lawyers, who reported having observed evidence of the alleged
          ill-treatment. They were ultimately released. The Government has stated
          emphatically that these persons were not subjected to any ill-treatment.
          Urgent appeals and Government replies
          486. On 14 May 1996, the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on
          behalf of Frej Fenniche, executive director of the Arab Institute for Human
          Rights, who was reportedly arrested on 10 May 1996 at Tunis airport while
          waiting for a flight in order to participate in a conference on human rights
          in Montpellier, France. On 28 May 1996, the Government replied that
          Frej Fenniche had been released on 14 May and had not been subjected to any
          ill-treatment.
          487. On 27 November 1996, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on
          behalf of Radhia Aouididi, who was reportedly arrested by the police at the
          Tunis-Carthage airport while attempting to board a plane with a forged
          passport and is said to be held incommunicado.
          Turkey
          488. By letters dated 8 February and 3 October 1996 the Special Rapporteur
          advised the Government that he had received information on a number of alleged
          incidents of torture. The Government replied to many of these cases in
          letters dated 9 May, 4 June, 10 July, 25 September and 27 November 1996. The
          allegations, followed by the reply of the Government, are summarized in the
          paragraphs below.
          489. Dbner Talun, a 12-year-old girl reportedly detained by police
          on 12 December 1994 in the cubuk district of Ankara, was allegedly beaten,
          hung by the arms and subjected to electric shocks during five days'
          incommunicado detention at Ankara police headquarters.
          490. Faruk Dürre was reportedly detained on 27 January 1995 and tortured for
          eight days at Mu police headquarters. The torture allegedly included
          repeated squeezing of his testicles; repeated administration of electric
          shocks through his penis; spraying with water; deprivation of food for the
          first six days; and death threats. While not undergoing interrogation, he was
          allegedly held in a cell half a metre wide and one metre long. On
          10 April 1995 he and a number of other prisoners in his ward were allegedly
          beaten with sticks and truncheons by gendarmes and wardens, as a result of
          which he sustained two cracked ribs. The Government replied that Faruk Dürre
          had been arrested on charges of assisting the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK)
          The court had decided to release him on 31 October 1995, as he had expressed
          his willingness to benefit from the Repentance Law. It was established
          through medical reports dated 29 January and 6 February 1995 that he had not
          been subjected to torture or ill-treatment during detention.
          491. Can Dogan, aged 14, was reportedly detained for 2   days at Ankara police
          headquarters in March 1995, during which he was allegedly stripped naked,
        
          
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          beaten, soaked with pressurized water, and his testicles were squeezed. He
          was detained again on 10 April 1995 and allegedly beaten at Ankara police
          headquarters.
          492. Tayfun Kirs, aged 13, and Rifat Onurcan were reportedly detained on
          9 July 1995 on suspicion of theft and tortured at Jthkara Police Station.
          Rifat Onurcan was allegedly stripped, subjected to electric shocks, beaten
          with truncheons on the hands and feet and sprayed with cold water.
          Tayfun Kirs was allegedly subjected to electric shocks and beaten on the feet
          and back with truncheons.
          493. Leman celikaslan, detained by officers from the Anti-Terror Branch of
          Jthkara Security Headquarters on 21 July 1995, was allegedly sexually assaulted
          in a woodland. At Ankara police headquarters, she was allegedly tortured and
          raped repeatedly by several officers over the course of 13 days' detention.
          Before her transfer to Ankara central closed prison, she was to have undergone
          a medical examination, but she declined to undress before the doctor, who
          consequently certified that there were no signs of ill-treatment. On 9 August
          she filed a complaint of rape with the prosecutor and requested to be sent to
          hospital. At the Forensic Medicine Institute, she requested to be examined by
          a female doctor and, as there was none available, she refused to be examined,
          but did inform a male doctor that she had been raped. He referred her to
          hospital, but she reportedly was not taken to hospital until 17 August, by
          which time the examining doctor was unable to determine whether rape had taken
          place. The Government replied that Leman celikaslan had been detained on
          charges of participating in PKK activities. A report issued by the Ankara
          Branch of the Forensic Medicine Institute on 2 August 1995 showed that she had
          not been subjected to torture or ill-treatment during her detention. A
          medical report issued by the Zekai Tahir Burak Hospital on 17 August 1995
          showed that she had not been subjected to torture, ill-treatment or sexual
          assault. Another report issued by the Forensic Medicine Institute
          on 24 August 1994 also disproved the allegations.
          494. Ismet celikaslan, the mother of Leman celikaslan and a Mersin Provincial
          Board member of the People's Democracy Party (HADEP), reportedly appeared on
          television in September 1995 to publicize the rape allegations in her
          daughter's case. Police officers subsequently came several times to her
          house, before arresting her in Mersin on 27 September. During her
          interrogation, she was allegedly subjected to electric shocks through her
          hands and feet, beatings, and hosing with pressurized cold water. The
          Government replied that Ismet celikaslan had been detained on
          27 September 1995 at Içel police headquarters on suspicion of participating in
          PKK activities. It was established through medical reports issued by the
          Mersin State Hospital and the Health Directorate of Mersin that she had not
          been subjected to torture or ill-treatment during her detention. A
          preliminary investigation had been initiated by the Office of the Chief Public
          Prosecutor of Mersin concerning the torture allegations and the case had been
          referred to the Office of the Chief Public Prosecutor of the Konya State
          Security Court on 3 October 1995.
          495. Ali Haydar Efe was reportedly detained on suspicion of theft
          on 8 August 1995 and his brother, Müslüm Efe, was detained on 11 August. At
          Ankara police Headquarters they were allegedly subjected to torture,
        
          
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          including hanging by the arms, electric shocks, beating and sexual assault
          with a truncheon. On 12 August, Ali Haydar Efe was taken to hospital, where
          he died of “respiratory and circulatory failure”. The Forensic Medicine
          Institute examined Müslüm Efe and gave him a report exempting him from work
          for three days. He was said to bear marks of torture.
          496. A number of prisoners were reportedly beaten severely when a large force
          of gendarmes and Special Team members forcibly entered ward 6 of Buca prison
          near Izmir on 21 September 1995. The forces had been called in after
          prisoners went on hunger strike and barricaded themselves in the ward
          in protest at conditions at the prison. lusuf Baa, U ur Sariaslan and
          Turan Kilinç reportedly died from injuries sustained from the beatings,
          including brain haemorrhage and other internal bleeding. Autopsies on the
          three men reportedly concluded “suspicious death” . A number of relatives and
          lawyers of the prisoners, including lawyers Irfan Güler, Gül Kireçkaya and
          Sengül Gültekin, were allegedly assaulted and beaten with truncheons by
          members of the Mobile Force (Anti-Riot Police) while seeking details about the
          prisoners outside the local state hospital. The Government replied that when
          the officials entered the dormitories they were assaulted by convicts, forcing
          them to use tear-gas. An investigation was initiated by the Izmir
          Prosecutor's Office and a complaint was lodged against the convicts on grounds
          of collective mutiny. The convicts also filed complaints against the law
          enforcement officials. The case was under way before the Izmir Criminal
          Court. Irfan Güler filed a complaint and a case was commenced at the Izmir
          Criminal Court on 19 March 1996 against one chief police officer and three
          policemen on the ground of ill-treatment. The other lawyers had not lodged
          official complaints.
          497. Nurey Sen, Chair of the Mesopotamian Cultural Centre (MKN), was
          reportedly arrested in Diyarbakir by members of the gendarmerie intelligence
          branch (JITEM) on 10 November 1995. During 11 days of detention at the
          Diyarbakir gendarme station, she was allegedly kept blindfolded, subjected to
          electric shocks, sexually assaulted with a truncheon, hosed with cold water,
          beaten severely, kicked and sexually molested by a number of gendarmes, forced
          to run, forced to listen to constant loud music, subjected to death threats if
          she revealed information about her treatment and forced to sign a statement
          without being given the opportunity to read the contents. According to the
          Government, it was established by a medical report dated 21 November 1995
          issued by the Diyarbakir Branch of the Forensic Medicine Institute that she
          had not been subjected to torture or ill-treatment during detention.
          498. Ali Kanat, Nazif (Gürbüz Ergin), Erol Engin, Yilmaz Esbal, Yasin Ipek,
          Mehmet Bahri Kurt, Celal Cengiz, Cemal Odaba , Burhan De er, Ismail Olmez,
          Abdullah Talay, Resul Arslan, Selahattin Ba ir, Erol celikten, Hikmet Ezen,
          Mahmut Karakaya, Mahmut Turk, akir Dinç, Mehmet serif Düner, Abdullah Kanat,
          Zeynel Koç, Ismail Yilmaz, M. Nun Fidan, Hasan Gbnderici, Mehmet Demir,
          Ahmet Akkurt, Latif Dogan, Medeni Adiyaman, Umit Kaydu, Fevzi Bor,
          Soner Onder, Cengiz Hasano lu, Yuksel Yakiflr and Kemal Yilan were all
          reportedly hospitalized after some 200 police and gendarmes allegedly used
          excessive force to restore order at tJmraniye E-Type prison in Istanbul on the
          night of 12-13 December 1995. The officials were reported to have thrown some
          50 tear-gas and smoke bombs into the wards and then to have removed prisoners
          and beaten them severely. On 4 January 1996 the prison was again stormed and
        
          
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          Orhan Ozen, Riza Boyba and Abdülmecit Seçkin were allegedly beaten to death.
          Six prisoners were reported to have suffered from especially severe injuries,
          including Metin Turan, ADa Yildrim and Gültekin Beyhan, who eventually died
          from head injuries on 10 January. On 8 January, over 600 persons who had come
          to their funeral ceremony were detained by police, 300 of whom were taken to
          Eyüp sports Centre, and many were allegedly beaten and kicked by police.
          Metin Gbktepe, a journalist, was taken to the basement of the sports centre
          after showing the police his press card, and allegedly beaten to death. The
          Government replied that 34 police officers of the Eyüp police department had
          been referred to the relevant judicial authorities on charges of beating the
          detainees from the funeral and subjecting them to degrading and ill-treatment.
          A riot police chief had been charged with arbitrarily ordering Metin Gbktepe's
          detention; 11 officers had been charged with subjecting him to ill-treatment
          and failing to protect his physical integrity and well-being; and another riot
          police chief was charged with insulting the detainees.
          499. Gulbahar Gündüz, on whose behalf the Special Rapporteur had appealed
          on 14 July 1995, was reportedly detained by police on 21 March 1995, after she
          had travelled to Tunceli to apply for compensation for her family's house,
          which had been destroyed in operations by the security forces. She was
          allegedly tortured by hosing with cold water, especially to her mouth, ears,
          breasts, genitals and stomach; electric shocks applied through her toes and
          ear lobes; hanging, during which she suffered an attack of asthma; a severe
          kick in the back, which caused her to haemorrhage; death threats; beatings;
          having her head slammed against the wall. She was said to remain confined to
          a wheelchair and unable to walk as a result of the torture. The Government
          replied on 27 November 1996 that pursuant to her complaint, the Tunceli
          Provincial Administrative Council was investigating the case.
          500. Ali Ekber Kaya, President of the now-closed Human Rights Association
          branch in Tunceli, was reportedly detained on 23 March 1995 by members of the
          Jthti-Terror Branch. He was allegedly subjected to torture, during which his
          arms were tied to his legs and he was hosed with cold pressurized water,
          including to his kidneys, genitals and rectum. He was also allegedly hung
          from the ceiling and given electric shocks. A complaint he filed about his
          torture was said to be pending before the Provincial Administrative Council.
          The Government replied on 27 November 1996 that Ali Ekber Kaya had not lodged
          any complaint or taken any legal proceeding on the ground of torture, but that
          it had been established through medical reports dated 23 March and
          3 April 1995 that he had not been subjected to torture or ill-treatment during
          his detention.
          501. The following persons, mostly high-school students under 18 years of
          age, were reportedly detained on 26 December 1995 by members of the
          Anti-Terror Branch of Manisa police headquarters and subjected to torture
          during 10 days in custody, including electric shocks and sexual assault:
          Ali Gbktas (teacher) , Mahir Gbtkas (aged 14) , Faruk Deniz, Levent Kiliç,
          Emrah Sait Erda, Askin Yegin (female) , Ayse Mine Balkanli, Münire Apaydin
          (female, aged 16) , Sema Tasar (female, aged 16) , Hüseyin Korkut, Ozgür Zeybek,
          Jale Kurt, Fulya Apaydin, Erdogan Kiliç, Abdullah Yücel Karakas and
          Boran Senol. It was alleged that none of the medical reports of the
          above-named persons was submitted by the Office of the Chief Public Prosecutor
          to the State Security Court in Izmir, where the cases were to be heard, but
        
          
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          rather that the Prosecutor had produced fabricated medical reports stating
          that “no traces of stroke and violence have been seen”. The Government
          replied that a public case had commenced against the aforementioned persons in
          the State Security Court in Izmir on charges of being members of and providing
          assistance to the Revolutionary Peoples' Liberation Party/Front. Their lawyer
          had filed a complaint on the ground of torture and ill-treatment. Following
          the preliminary investigation, a public case was commenced in the Manisa
          Criminal Court against 10 police officers of the Manisa police department for
          violations of articles 243 and 245 of the Penal Code.
          502. Ferzinde Abi and his wife, irin Abi, were reportedly detained
          on 25 April 1996. At the Van security headquarters Anti-Terror Branch they
          were interrogated for 15 days, during which irin Abi was allegedly brought
          before her husband, stripped naked, suspended by the wrists with her hands
          tied behind her back and sexually molested. The purpose of her torture was
          said to be to force her husband to become a police agent or to sign
          incriminating statements. Ferzinde Abi was also allegedly subjected to
          torture, including by severe beatings with rifle butts which resulted in the
          paralysis and loss of use of both arms. Doctors at Van State Hospital were
          reportedly prevented under police threat from treating him and producing a
          medical report. The Government replied that the couple had been detained on
          suspicion of participating in PKK activities. It was established through a
          medical report dated 10 May 1996 that they were not subjected to torture or
          ill-treatment during their detention. Ferzinde Abi filed an official
          complaint of torture, which was being investigated by the Chief Public
          Prosecutor of Van.
          503. Sabri Beyter, Sedika Beyter (female, aged 80) , Cafer ciftci and
          Abdulhaluk Beyter were reportedly subjected to torture under interrogation on
          3 June 1996 during an operation by security forces connected with Hakkari
          Brigade Command in Bay village near Hakkari. Sedik Beyter was allegedly
          beaten and died two hours later. Abdulhaluk Beyter was said to have been left
          unable to walk as a result of torture. The Government replied that
          Sabri Beyter was not in the village during the security operation, having
          moved away five or six years earlier. Sedika Beyter died of old age on
          2 June 1996. Cafer ciftci had no record with the police. Abdulhaluk Beyter
          was one of 15 persons taken into custody in the operations against villagers
          with suspected PKK links. It was established through medical reports that he
          was not subjected to torture.
          504. Halil Dinç, President of the Turkish Union of Motor Vehicle Workers
          (TUMTIS) in Izmir, and Hasan layik, General Secretary of the Izmir branch,
          were among a number of persons alleged to have been severely beaten by
          anti-riot police and police from camdibi police station on 22 December 1995 at
          the beginning of a press conference in front of the premises of the transport
          company Nak-Kargo in Izmir that the union had called to protest job
          dismissals.
          505. In his letter of 8 February 1996 the Special Rapporteur also advised the
          Government of follow-up information he had received from the sources with
          respect to a number of previously transmitted cases. In the case of
          Talat Tepe (urgent appeal of 14 July 1995), a lawyer and Human Rights
          Association member detained at Istanbul Airport on 9 July 1995, he was
        
          
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          allegedly tortured during 12 days' detention at Istanbul and Bitlis security
          headquarters, including by electric shocks, prolonged dousing with cold water
          and physical assault. With respect to Hediye Altun (urgent appeal of
          28 July 1995), aged 16, who had been detained at the Jthti-Terror Branch in
          Istanbul, she had allegedly been tortured and, as a result, had suffered
          bleeding from her ears and loss of hearing. With respect to Mehmet Sen (case
          transmitted on 15 September 1994) a member of the since banned Democracy Party
          (DEP) reportedly detained by police officers in Nizip, Gaziantep on
          26 March 1994 and later discovered murdered, a witness who saw his body had
          reportedly stated that there were clear marks of torture, that the right side
          of his head had been crushed, an eye had been gouged out, and his neck, arms
          and a finger had been broken.
          Urgent appeals and replies received
          506. A number of persons were reportedly detained during security forces
          operations beginning on 25 January 1996 in the triangle between the towns of
          Zara, Kangal and Divri i in Sivas province. Mehmet Kambur (village headman)
          Hüseyin Polat, Mustafa Do aner, Güzel Polat, Ibrahim Erdoqan, Hasan Erdoqan,
          Riza Ate and Bayram Güngbz were among a number of persons detained on
          25 January 1996 by gendarmes in Güvenkaya village. Mehmet Ali Do an and
          Ali Karakoç, both from Dikmeçay village, were detained on 25 January.
          Nun lildirim, Reflt coflun and Davut Keskin were detained in the villages of
          Kirlangiç and Yefllyurt in the district of Kangal on 27 January.
          Battal Ozkan, ükrü Kaya and Hüseyin Akkaya were detained in Kürkçü village on
          28 January in the district of Kangal. Finally, Mustafa Poyraz was detained on
          28 January in Dagbnü village in the district of Kangal (7 February 1996) . On
          26 February 1996 the Government replied that it had been established that
          persons taken into custody during the operations conducted in Sivas were not
          subjected to torture or ill-treatment, as confirmed by the fact that no
          complaint had been made to judicial and administrative authorities. On
          8 May 1996 the Government further informed the Special Rapporteur that the
          detainees had been released in early February pending trial on charges of
          assisting the PKK.
          507. Teyfik Eren, editor of Govend arts magazine, was reportedly detained by
          plainclothes police officers on 12 February 1996 in Diyarbakir
          (16 February 1996) . On 17 May 1996 the Government replied that he had been
          released from Diyarbakir police headquarters on 13 February 1996, as it had
          been determined that he had no links with terrorist organizations. It was
          established through medical reports that he was not subjected to torture or
          ill-treatment in detention.
          508. Ishak Tepe, a politician who stood as a parliamentary candidate for the
          People's Democracy Party (HADEP) in December 1995, was reportedly detained by
          gendarmes on 24 February 1996 and transferred to Bitlis. His nephew,
          Safyettin Tepe, was said to have died in police custody in Bitlis in
          August 1995 and his son, Farhat Tepe, was reportedly abducted and killed in
          1993 (28 February 1996) . On 19 June 1996 the Government replied that
          Ishak Tepe had been detained on suspicion of assisting the PKK and a public
          case had commenced against him at Diyarbakir Security Court. It was
          established through medical reports dated 27 February and 4 March 1996 that he
          was not subjected to torture or ill-treatment in detention.
        
          
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          509. Ismail Keskin, former headman of Kazan village, and Ismail Demir were
          reportedly detained on 28 February 1996 by police in Hakkari (4 March 1996)
          On 17 May 1996 the Government replied that they had been released on
          1 March 1996, as it was established that they had no links with the murder in
          which they had been suspected of involvement. It was established through
          medical reports dated 1 March from the Hakkari State Hospital that they were
          not subjected to torture or ill-treatment in detention.
          510. Yücel Sarlçoban, Aydin Ipçi and Songül Ozbakir (female) were reportedly
          detained from their homes in Ankara on 6 March 1996 and were being held at
          Ankara police headquarters. In addition, Ali Baba Karaka , who had allegedly
          been previously tortured in detention, was reportedly detained from his home
          in Ankara, during which his wife and children were allegedly beaten
          (11 March 1996) . On 13 September 1996 the Government replied that the
          aforementioned persons had been detained on suspicion of participating in the
          activities of the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party (MLKP) . It was established
          through a medical report issued by the Forensic Medical Institute that they
          were not subjected to torture or ill-treatment during detention.
          511. Hatice Güden, Filiz Toprok, Mustafa KaraoLllan, N. Kemal Bekta ,
          M. Karaça and Muhittin Evrak were reportedly arrested on 6 March 1996 in
          Ankara by officers of the Anti-Terror Branch and were being held at Ankara
          police headquarters (15 March 1996)
          512. Gevher Toprak (aged 16), Edibe Toprak, Leyla a kin (aged 13),
          Vildan Umur (aged 14) , Ay er Umur (aged 16) Sabriye, cicek Eren,
          Abdullah a kin, Fadil Eren and eymus Nakçi were reportedly detained in
          Cukurkaynak by members of the security forces of the Silvan Gendarmerie
          (11 April 1996)
          513. Mahmut Yilmaz, Ahmet Aflin Doqan, Bulent Karaka Elif Kahyao lu
          (female) , Mustafa Bayram Misir, Haci Ferhan Temiz, Deniz Kartal (female)
          Hülya Yefllyurt (female) , Ozgür Yilmaz, Ibrahim Ethem Altun, Selda Salman
          (female) , Mestan Dinçer, Yunus Bakihan camurdan, Hanife (family name unknown)
          Mehmet Horu , Mehmet Karaman, Ender Turan, Gbkçen Zorcu, Faruk Adigüzel,
          Murat Yurdakul, Nurdan Bay ahan (female), Ozgür Tüfekci, Musa Ceylan,
          Yekbun Uzun were among a number of students reportedly being held
          incommunicado at Ankara police headquarters on 17 and 19 April 1996 during
          protests against the introduction of student fees. Mahmut Yilmaz, Ahmet Askin
          Dogan, Bulent Karakas and Elif Kahyaoglu were allegedly tortured and the
          female detainees were said to have been subjected to threats of rape
          (29 April 1996) . On 9 July 1996 the Government replied that Musa Ceylan and
          Hanife had never been taken into custody. The others had been taken into
          custody during operations conducted against the illegal organization
          Devrimci Yol-Devrimci Gençlik (Revolutionary Path-Revolutionary Youth) . It
          was established through a medical report issued by the Forensic Medicine
          Institute on 1 May 1996 that they had not been subjected to torture or
          ill-treatment during their detention.
          514. Sabiha Budak, Incigül Ba el, Mehtap Kuruçay and Filiz Oztürk, female
          journalists with the newspaper Alinteri , were reportedly detained by police
          on 3 May 1996 at the home of Sabiha Budak in Istanbul. They and the parents
          of Sabiha Budak were allegedly beaten by police before the police took the
        
          
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          detainees to the Anti-Terror Branch of Istanbul police headquarters at Aksaray
          (6 May 1996) . On 13 September 1996 the Government replied that they had been
          detained after the police had come to the home to conduct a search.
          Incigül Bagel was taken to hospital because she was suffering from low blood
          pressure. It was established through a medical report dated 14 May 1996 by
          the Forensic Medical Institute that they were not subjected to torture or
          ill-treatment in detention.
          515. A. Kadir Bilen, aged 80, Omer Akbay, aged 75, and A. Selim Da ku u,
          aged 65, were reportedly detained on 29 May 1996 by soldiers of the
          gendarmerie in Silvan and Ba dere and were being held incommunicado
          (31 May 1996)
          516. More than 600 persons were reportedly detained on 8 June 1996 at a
          protest vigil by relatives of disappeared persons in Istiklal street in
          Istanbul. At the vigil, police and gendarmes allegedly beat a number of the
          protestors. Hasene Türko lu, the wife of a recently disappeared person, and
          Hüsnu Ondül, General Secretary of the Turkish Human Rights Association, were
          said to have been injured in the incident. Over 200 of the detainees were
          reportedly being held at Gayrettepe police headquarters and the Anti-Terror
          Branch of Istanbul police headquarters. Zeynep Baran (female), a board member
          of the Istanbul Human Rights Association, was among those reported to be
          detained at Gayrettepe. Songül Beydili, a board member of the Turkish Health
          Professionals Union (Tüm Sa lik Sen) , Mahmut Pulga (a member of Tüm Sa lik
          Sen), Abdullah Sa men, Mehdi Perinçek, Neriman Berberoqlu, Yildiz Içer,
          Songül Ozkan, Gül Vidan, Bari Arça and Metin Karabulut are reportedly held at
          the Anti-Terror Branch in Istanbul (11 June 1996) . On 20 September 1996 the
          Government replied that Abdullah Sagmen, Neriman Berberoglu, Yilda Icer,
          Gul Vildan and Bans Arca had not been taken into custody. Records of the
          Istanbul police department did not verify that Hasene Turkoglu and Hüsbü Ondül
          were injured in the events. It was established through medical reports of the
          Beyoglu branch of the Forensic Medicine Institute that Sonül Beydilli,
          Zeynep Baran, Metin Karabulut, Mehdi Perinçek and Mehmet Pulgu were not
          subjected to torture or ill-treatment during detention. Songül Ozkan refused
          to undertake a medical examination and signed a statement to that effect.
          517. Sehettin Elçi, a resident of Izmir, was reportedly detained in Güroymak,
          Bitlis province, while en route to visit his family in Altinova
          (11 June 1996) . On 20 September 1996 the Government replied that he had
          served as the Vice-President of the Youth Commission of HADEP, which was
          involved in activities on behalf of the PKK. He was released pending trial.
          It was established that he was not subjected to torture or ill-treatment
          during his detention.
          518. Gülçin Ozgür, aged 15, was reportedly detained on 13 June 1996 from her
          house and taken to police headquarters in Mersin. The detention occurred
          eight days after a public statement she had made appeared in a newspaper
          describing her previous 16-day detention at the Gendarmerie commando battalion
          in Bismal, during which she was allegedly subjected to torture, including
          sexual assault (19 June 1996) . On 18 September 1996 the Government replied
          that following her first detention, a medical report issued by Bismal State
          Hospital dated 22 April 1996 established that she was not subjected to torture
          or ill-treatment. Her subsequent detention was based on suspicion of
        
          
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          activities connected with the PKK, not the statement she had made in the
          newspaper. It was established through a medical report dated 20 June 1996
          issued by the Içel health department that she was not subjected to torture or
          ill-treatment during her detention.
          519. Leyla Yaqiz and her husband, Temerhan YalJiz, were reportedly detained by
          police from their home in Nusaybin on 26 June 1996. It was alleged that
          Leyla YaDiz was tortured in the presence of her husband at police headquarters
          in Nusaybin for the purpose of extracting from her information about a
          relative who is wanted by the police. According to the information received,
          Robar YatJiz, an 18-year-old cousin of Leyla YaDiz, was also detained and
          tortured by the police, as a result of which he required hospitalization. In
          addition, his 70-year-old grandmother, Naima Ya iz, was allegedly beaten
          severely by the police during the search of her home and was subsequently
          hospitalized (2 July 1996) . On 18 September 1996 the Government replied that
          the aforementioned persons had been taken into custody on charges of assisting
          the PKK. Naime iaLliz was released on the same day owing to her health
          condition. Robar YaDiz and Temirhan iaLliz were released on 28 June and
          Leyla YatJiz was released on 6 July 1996. It was established through medical
          reports issued by the Nusaybin State Hospital that they were not subjected to
          torture or ill-treatment.
          520. Abdurrahman celikbilek, a member of HADEP, was reportedly detained
          on 24 June 1996 and had been subjected to torture at the Anti-Riot police
          headquarters in Diyarbakir (16 July 1996) . On 18 September 1996 the
          Government replied that he had been detained on 3 July 1996 during operations
          against the PKK. It was established through a medical report that he was not
          subjected to torture or ill-treatment.
          521. Halil Can Do an (aged 15), Esat Yilaz, eref Han, Ay e Kiliç (female),
          Riza Polat, Ismail Kizilçay, Tayfun Koçak, Taylan Keskin, Ebru Arkan (female),
          Servet Sandikli, Gbkçen Kaygusuz, Hülya Deveci (female) , Levent Can Yilmaz,
          Deniz Fidan, Ersin Atar and Müstecef Türkücü were reportedly being held
          incommunicado at Ankara police headquarters pursuant to a police operation in
          Jthkara between 8 and 16 July 1996. Another detainee, Pervin Abdalo lu
          (female) , was allegedly subjected to torture, including electric shocks,
          before being released and taken to hospital on 18 July (22 July 1996) . On
          12 November 1996 the Government replied that eref Han had no record in the
          police and Deniz Fidan was released the day following her arrest. It was
          established by medical reports issued by the Ankara branch of the Forensic
          Medicine Institute that none of the other detainees were subjected to torture
          or ill-treatment in detention.
          522. Münsif cetin, head of the Da kapi Health Centre in Diyarbakir, was
          reportedly detained on 16 August 1996 and was being held incommunicado at
          Diyarbakir police headquarters. He had allegedly been tortured during two
          previous detentions (22 August 1996) . On 5 November 1996 the Government
          replied that he had been detained on charges of assisting the PKK. It was
          established through a medical report dated 22 August 1996 that he was not
          subjected to torture or ill-treatment in detention.
        
          
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          Information received from the Government on cases included in previous reports
          523. With respect to the cases of Garip Aygün and Sultan Aygün, who were
          allegedly tortured in Istanbul on 18 January 1995, following their detention
          in connection with a traffic accident (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, para. 712),
          the Government replied on 4 June 1996 that they had been released when it was
          established that they had no connection with the accident. They had not
          lodged any complaints or taken legal proceedings with a view to exhausting the
          “domestic remedy”
          524. With respect to Hüseyin Koku, Chairman of the Elbistan branch of HADEP,
          who was allegedly tortured in Elbistan prison over the course of two months
          following his detention on 27 March 1994 and subsequently detained by
          gendarmes on 20 October 1994 (see E/CN.4/1996/35/Add.1, para. 703), the
          Government replied on 25 September 1996 that it had been established through a
          medical report issued by Elbistan State Hospital that he had not been
          subjected to torture or ill-treatment. He had died of gunshot wounds. An
          investigation conducted by the Office of the Chief Public Prosecutor of
          Pbtürge had determined that it was probable that he had been killed by the
          relatives of a woman with whom he was having a relationship.
          525. With respect to 16 persons detained on 17 April 1994 in connection with
          the activities of the magazine Alinteri ( Toil ) , who were allegedly tortured in
          police custody in Ankara (see E/CN.4/1995/34, para. 768), the Government
          stated that, according to medical reports dated 26 April and 2 May 1994, they
          had not been subjected to torture or ill-treatment during their detention.
          526. The Government sent replies asserting that with respect to the following
          persons on whose behalf the Special Rapporteur had made urgent appeals, it had
          been established through medical reports that they had not been subjected to
          torture or ill-treatment in detention: ükrü calli and Hüseyin Umit (appeal
          of 19 June 1995, reply of 8 January 1996) ; Adülkerim Demirer (appeal
          21 June 1995, reply 8 January 1996) ; Talat Tepe (appeal 14 July 1995, reply
          26 February 1996) ; Gülbahar Gündüz (appeal 14 July 1995, reply
          26 February 1996) ; Habib ciftci (appeal 29 September 1995, reply
          8 January 1996); Barhan Mutlu (appeal 18 October 1995, reply 8 May 1996);
          Gül Daqdeviren, Ersin Da deviren, Selma Yi iter, Kemal Bolat, Mehmat Altan,
          Hilal Usenti, and Barri Güaül (appeal 23 October 1995, reply 9 January 1996)
          Ibrahim ahin (appeal 7 November 1995, reply 17 May 1996); Necmiye Aslano lu,
          Nuran Tekda and Metin Acet (appeal 9 November 1995, reply 2 February 1996),
          Ali Güden (appeal 14 November 1995, reply 8 January 1996)
          527. With respect to Gevher Toprak, on whose behalf the Special Rapporteur
          appealed on 14 November 1995, the Government replied on 8 January 1996 that
          she had been released pending trial on charges of participating in PKK
          activities. However, Emrullah Toprak, Fatih Toprak, Makbule Tutal,
          Behiye Tutal, Mehmet Tutal and Urdayal Tutal had no record with the police.
          528. In the cases of Mina Fazelollahi and Maryambanoo Sepehri-Rahnama,
          Iranian nationals facing possible deportation to the Islamic Republic of Iran
          on whose behalf the Special Rapporteur appealed on 20 November 1995, the
          Government replied on 22 December 1995 that they were being held for using
        
          
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          forged passports and documents and when that case was over they would be
          allowed to apply for asylum in Turkey. Austria and Germany had also decided
          to admit them as refugees if they so desired.
          Turkmenistan
          529. By letter dated 11 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government that he had received information on the case of Durdymurad
          Khodzha-Mukhammed, co-Chairman of the unregistered Party of Democratic
          Development of Turkmenistan and former editor in chief of the clandestine
          opposition newspaper Ata Vatan , who had reportedly been confined against his
          will in the Geok-Tepe psychiatric hospital since 23 February 1996. He was
          allegedly being confined for political and not medical reasons.
          530. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted the case of Sukhanberdy Ishonov,
          who was among a number of persons reportedly arrested during a demonstration
          in Ashgabat on 12 July 1995 held to protest economic conditions in the country
          and beaten severely. He was released from police custody on 17 July and
          hanged himself at his home the following day. Marks of injuries sustained
          from his beatings in police custody were reportedly discovered on his body.
          531. The Special Rapporteur also reminded the Government of cases transmitted
          in 1994 and 1995 regarding which no reply had yet been received.
          Uganda
          532. On 13 September 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on
          behalf of Joseph Langoya, a political activist involved with work on behalf of
          the combined Uganda People's Congress and Democratic Party, who was reportedly
          arrested by members of the Ugandan Army near his home in Pawel in late July or
          early August 1996, apparently on suspicion of supporting guerrilla fighters in
          the region. He was said to be kept incommunicado in a large, unlit
          underground hole at Pabo army barracks. He had allegedly been tortured,
          including by means of knife cuts, and denied sufficient food.
          United Arab Emirates
          533. On 14 November 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on
          behalf of Elie Dib Ghalib, a Lebanese Christian, who was reportedly arrested
          in Abu Dhabi on 5 December 1995 for having married a Muslim woman and
          allegedly subjected to beatings and flogging at al-Am police station. A
          Shari'a court ruled on 29 October 1996 that his marriage was null and void and
          that because the marriage was immoral, he should receive 39 lashes and a
          one-year prison sentence.
          United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
          534. By letter dated 18 April 1995 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government of information he had received regarding four persons who died in
          police or Prison Service custody, allegedly as a result of torture or
          ill-treatment. On 31 July 1996, the Government replied to the cases, as
          summarized below.
        
          
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          535. Shiji Lapite, a Nigerian national, was reportedly detained for “acting
          suspiciously” by north London police in Stoke Newington on 16 December 1994.
          A violent struggle followed, during which he was allegedly kicked in the head
          with great force. While being restrained, possibly through the use of a
          “chokehold”, his body went limp and he was taken to hospital, where he was
          pronounced dead. A pathology report was said to have revealed 45 injuries on
          his body and a fractured voice-box. On 26 January 1996 an inquest jury
          decided that Shiji Lapite had been killed unlawfully. The Government replied
          that Shiji Lapite had been arrested for possession of drugs and that the
          pathologist had concluded that he had died of asphyxiation and cocaine
          intoxication. Two officers involved in the arrest had been suspended from
          duty. The Department of Public Prosecutions (DPP) , after receiving in
          May 1995 the report of the investigation of the Police Complaints Authority
          (PCA) , had found that there was insufficient evidence to bring proceedings
          against any officer. It was not known when a further decision would be
          reached by the DPP in light of the verdict of unlawful killing by the inquest
          jury. As the coroner had recommended that police officers should avoid the
          use of neck holds, that restraint technique was presently under review by the
          Association of Chief Police Officers.
          536. Brian Douglas and Stafford Soloman, reportedly arrested by police in
          south London on 3 May 1995 for possession of a knife, CS gas and cannabis,
          were allegedly beaten with 55-centimetre acrylic batons recently introduced by
          the police to replace wooden batons. Brian Douglas was allegedly struck on
          the back of the head. At the police station he was reportedly examined four
          times by a police doctor, who apparently considered him to be intoxicated or
          drugged, before he was taken, 15 hours after his arrest, to hospital, where he
          died on 8 May. Stafford Soloman was reported to have suffered a broken wrist
          in the incident. The officers alleged to be responsible were reportedly back
          on duty after a period of “compassionate leave”. The Government replied that
          Brian Douglas had become violent during his arrest and thus had to be
          restrained en route to Vauxhall police station. A post mortem revealed a
          fractured skull, but was unable to determine the cause of death. The DPP
          received the report of the PCA in December 1995 and decided that no criminal
          proceedings should be brought against any officer. A coroner's inquest into
          the death began on 17 July 1996. Two police officers were suspended from
          operational duties. The PCA were supervising an investigation into a
          complaint that the police had broken Stafford Solomon's wrist. The new
          batons, approved by the Home Office, did not have a higher level of impact
          than the old truncheons.
          537. Richard O'Brien reportedly died after being assaulted by five police
          officers in Walworth, south London, on 17 April 1995. The police maintained
          that he had been drunk and disorderly, but the family of Richard O'Brien
          contended that he had only been waiting for a taxi. The officers allegedly
          held his face to the pavement while one officer knelt on his back. He was
          reported to have then said “let me up, I can't breathe, you win”. A
          pathologist recorded 31 injuries to his body, including cuts, bruising to his
          face, a dislodged tooth, fractured ribs and bleeding suggestive of
          haemorrhaging after blood vessels on his face had burst. On 10 November 1995,
          an inquest jury at Southwark coroners' court found that he had been unlawfully
          killed. The Government replied that Richard O'Brien had become extremely
          violent during his arrest and had to be restrained by officers. The DPP
        
          
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          received the report of the PAC in December 1994 and decided that there was
          insufficient evidence to bring any criminal proceedings. No police officers
          had been suspended or received any disciplinary measures as a result of the
          incident. The DPP had not yet determined whether charges should be brought in
          light of the inquest jury finding.
          538. Dennis Stevens reportedly died after being placed in a punishment cell
          in a restraining body belt in Dartmoor prison, Devon, on 18 October 1995.
          (The belt was said to be of the same type that had been worn by Joy Gardner
          when she choked to death during a struggle with deportation officers in 1993.
          Three officers were charged with manslaughter and acquitted in that case.) It
          was alleged that Dennis Stevens had been subjected to severe beatings prior to
          being placed in the cell for allegedly assaulting a staff member. His body
          was said to display a number of injuries, including deep scratches down the
          side of his face and a deep dent in the side of his head above his left eye.
          The Government replied that Dennis Stevens had been placed in a restraining
          belt for 24 hours before being discovered dead. The Devon and Cornwall
          police, who were investigating the incident, would determine whether
          Dennis Stevens had been subjected to severe beatings, an allegation denied by
          the Prison Service. At the second of two post-mortem proceedings, it was
          determined that further specialist forensic analysis was required. That
          analysis was being carried out in the United States, after which a coroner's
          inquest would convene. The Prison Service had conducted an inquiry into the
          circumstances surrounding the death and another inquiry into the use of
          control and restraint methods in the case. The findings could not be
          disclosed pending the outcome of the inquest.
          United Republic of Tanzania
          539. By letter dated 10 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government of information he had received according to which some 30 police
          officers had raided the home of the opposition Civic Union Front (CUF)
          Vice-Chairman, Seif Sharif Hamad, on 2 April 1996 and severely beaten and
          arrested some 26 CUF Youths (members of the youth wing of the CUF) who were
          guarding the premises. Suleiman Abdallah Suleiman, Juma Mohamed Amour,
          Juma Simai Abdullah, Zahor Khatibu Makame, Ally Khamis Ally, Mohamed Abdallah
          Mussa, Ally Khamis Mohamed, Khelef Nassor Khelef and Omar Ally Omar were
          reported to have been among those arrested. All of the detainees were said to
          have suffered further ill-treatment while in detention. In a reply dated
          8 November 1996 the Government stated that these persons had resisted
          detention and therefore the police were forced to resort to the use of force.
          While they were exonerated of involvement in the explosion of the transformer
          of which they had been accused, they were being prosecuted for unlawful
          assembly. The police had acted with great restraint and professionalism.
          540. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted information on the case of
          Othman Hamad Othman, a watchman for the Department of Forestry, who was
          reportedly tortured at the camp of the anti-smuggling squad (KMKM) on
          4 March 1996, after being sent there by the Pemba North Regional Commissioner.
          The torture was said to include being beaten unconscious with canes; being
          forced to eat his own faeces and to wash his body with water and faeces; being
          cut on the knees with a razor blade; and having his head shaved with broken
          pieces of glass. The Special Rapporteur received copies of medical reports
        
          
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          from two hospitals at which he was treated describing numerous injuries. The
          Government replied that the Regional Commissioner had called Othman Hamad
          Othman in for questioning on 5 March 1996 and allowed him to return home. He
          had then gone to Wete police station to report that he had been beaten by
          members of the 1 <14KM. The police officer on duty saw no signs of visible
          injury, but gave him a form required to be completed in cases of grievous
          injuries. He had not returned the complaint form, so the police had no
          grounds for conducting an investigation. He had also failed to complain to
          the Permanent Commission of Inquiry (the Ombudsman) or to institute legal
          proceedings before the High Court.
          541. Mwinyi Juma Ali-Gando Pemba was reportedly arrested by members of the
          1<14KM on 25 March 1996 while attending proceedings in the case of his brother
          at Wete district court. The officers, who reportedly told him they were
          looking for CUF Youth members, brought him to the 1<14KM camp and allegedly
          forced him to sing a song in praise of the President and beat him unconscious.
          He was also reportedly shaved with pieces of glass which left bleeding
          impressions on his scalp, on top of which hot water was poured. The
          Government replied that the police had to use force to evict him from physical
          training exercises in a restricted area, after he had refused their orders to
          desist. The force used in the circumstances was reasonable. The police had
          not used glass pieces to shave him.
          542. Amour Suleiman, from Magogoni, reportedly went to the KMKM camp
          on 6 April 1996 to visit his elder brother. Three KMKI4 officers allegedly
          beat him and dropped him into a tank half filled with petrol. The Government
          replied that it was unable to verify from the police records or the 1<14KM these
          allegations.
          Uzbekistan
          543. By letter dated 12 June 1996 the Special Rapporteur advised the
          Government of information he had received indicating that Dmitrii Gavrilovich
          Fattakhov, Aleksey Smirnov and Oleg Gusev, who had been arrested in April 1995
          on reportedly trumped-up charges of murder, had allegedly been subjected to
          torture over the course of several weeks to get them to confess to the crime,
          including severe beatings, kicks and deprivation of sleep and food.
          Dmitrii Fattakhov was said to have suffered a large haematoma on his face and
          to have been left severely mentally ill as a result of the torture. He was
          reported to be confined to a state psychiatric hospital.
          Urgent appeal
          544. On 29 December 1995 the Special Rapporteur, in conjunction with the
          Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and the
          Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers, made an urgent
          appeal on behalf of Un Dmitry, Lee Vladimir, Arutyunov Vitaly and
          Tsoi Valeriy, who had been convicted of murder. Un Dmitry had been sentenced
          to death, while the others had received 12-year prison sentences. The
          defendants had allegedly been severely beaten to force a confession and the
          criminal cases were said to be marred by numerous procedural irregularities,
        
          
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          including admittance of false documents with forged signatures, refusal to
          receive exculpatory evidence and denial of the right to counsel of one's own
          choosing.
          Venezuela
          545. By letter dated 30 October 1996, the Special Rapporteur transmitted to
          the Government the following cases of persons reported to have been tortured:
          José Felix Rivas, who was arrested on 18 June 1994 at his home in Antimano,
          Caracas, by the Metropolitan Police; Jesus Diaz, 16 years of age, who was
          arrested on 27 January 1995 by the National Guard in Antimano, Caracas;
          Ramôn Flores, who was arrested in Puerto Ayacucho, State of Amazonas, on
          20 February 1995 by the judicial police; Fabio Perez, who was arrested on
          10 February 1995 in the town of Atabapo, Amazonas, by the National Guard and
          then handed over to a group of Rural Commando guards; David Rodriguez,
          15 years of age, who was arrested on 26 March 1995 by the Metropolitan Police
          in Nueva Tacagua, Caracas; José Tores, who was arrested on 26 March 1995 by
          the Metropolitan Police in Nueva Tacagua, Caracas; Luis Urbano, who was
          arrested on 26 March 1995 by the Metropolitan Police in Nueva Tacagua,
          Caracas; a group of 24 students from the Instituto Universitario Barlovento in
          Higuerote, State of Miranda, who were reportedly beaten by officials of the
          Miranda State police on 30 May 1995; Wilson lusuina and Abel Conde, who were
          arrested on 12 August 1995 by personnel of the 52nd Infantry Brigade of Puerto
          Ayacucho; Anibal Ernesto Medina Lares, who died on 29 September 1995 in
          Nirgua, State of Yaracuy, allegedly as a consequence of being beaten by
          officials of the National Guard; Andrés Eloy Blanco, who was arrested in
          Caracas on 5 October 1995 by the judicial police; Kleiner Alvarado Rodriguez,
          15 years of age, who was arrested on 20 October 1995 by the Metropolitan
          Police in the parish of La Vega, Caracas; Daniel José Urbano Frisneda, who was
          arrested in Catia, Caracas on 6 November 1995 by the National Guard; Baudilio
          Contreras, who was tortured on 16 November 1995 in Santa BIrbara, State of
          Barinas; Andrés Eloy Blanco, who, together with his co-workers, Antonio David
          Sanjuanero, Eddy Marcel Gonzalez and José Gregorio Guerrero, was arrested on
          5 October 1995 in Colinas de Bello Monte, Caracas, by the judicial police;
          Luis Escobar Ugas, who was arrested on various occasions during 1995 and 1996
          in Caracas, allegedly by two plain-clothes policemen; Américo Guzmmn, who was
          arrested on 16 May 1996 in the parish of El Valle by individuals suspected of
          belonging to the police; Julio José Nüflez Pineda, who was arrested on
          12 May 1996 in the municipality of Pampmn, State of Trujillo, by the State of
          Trujillo Special Brigade; José Anicasio Rojas, who was arrested on
          21 January 1996 in Guasdualito, State of Apure, by the judicial police;
          Danny Ojeda Arrieta, who was arrested on 3 February 1996 in Maracaibo by the
          National Guard; Buenaventura Lôpez Soriano, who was arrested in Totumito, in
          the autonomous municipality of PIez, State of Apure, on 4 February 1996 by the
          State Police; Luis Javier Rivero Olivares, who was beaten and hung up by
          personnel of the Maiquetia judicial police on 8 February 1995;
          Jairo A. Carrasquel, who was arrested on 12 February 1996 by the judicial
          police in Guasdualito, State of Apure; Victor Diaz Ojeda, who was arrested on
          19 February 1996 in El Amparo, State of Apure, by the National Guard;
          Rosa Sanchez de Garcia, who was reportedly raped on 18 February 1996 by an
          official of the National Guard in the Anaru district of the autonomous
          municipality of Páez, State of Apure; Josué Cuburuco and Gerardo Vargas, who
          were arrested by the National Guard on 20 February 1996 in El Amparo, State of
        
          
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          Apure; Asdrübal Fernández, who was arrested on 22 March 1996 in Guasdualito,
          State of Apure, by the judicial police; Samuel Garcia Eleuterio Duque and
          José del Carmen Vergel, who were arrested on 2 April 1996 by personnel of
          theatre of operations No. 1 in El Balsal, in the municipality of Urdaneta,
          State of Apure; Abrahin Celis, who was arrested on 3 April 1996 at his home in
          El Balsal by personnel belonging to theatre of operations No. 1; Amy Arturo
          Plasencia Flores, who was arrested on 6 May 1996 in Caracas by officials of
          the Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services (DISIP) ; Ramôn Molia
          Castro, who was arrested in Caracas on 2 May 1996 by the investigatory police;
          and Clodomiro Emilio Rivas Lôpez, who was arrested on 16 May 1996 in the town
          of Turmero, State of Aragua, by the investigatory police.
          Information provided by the Government concerning cases transmitted in
          previous years
          546. In the course of the Special Rapporteur's visit to Venezuela in
          June 1996, the Attorney-General's Office ( Fiscalia General de la Repüblica )
          provided him with the following replies concerning cases which he had
          transmitted on various dates.
          547. Miguel Angel Delgado Méndez, who was arrested in Caracas
          on 15 April 1992 by the Metropolitan Police. The Government reported that
          Federal District Prosecutor No. 105 had filed formal charges on 11 August 1993
          against nine Metropolitan Police officers for causing serious personal injury.
          The case is still under judicial investigation.
          548. Miximo Puerta Ollarves, who was arrested on 1 May 1993 in Maracaibo.
          The Government reported that Public Prosecutor No. 7a of the State of Zulia
          had filed charges for personal injury against two members of the DISIP. The
          case is still under judicial investigation.
          549. Osmmn José Colina Hernindez, Carlos José Gonzalez, Juan José Villamizar,
          Guillermo Tamayo Rivas, Luis Gerônimo Velasquez, José Vargas Perez and
          Ulises Lôpez Galantôn, who were arrested by the National Guard on
          17 October 1995 while taking part in a demonstration at the University of
          Carabobo. The Government reported that, on 17 November 1995, the Office of
          the Public Prosecutor had ordered a judicial investigation to be opened
          subject to a forensic medical examination. It added that the above-mentioned
          persons had not appeared before the court in order to complete necessary
          procedures.
          550. Isabelino Bustamante and 19 other persons, who were arrested
          on 14 July 1995 by the judicial police of Guasdalito, Apure. The Government
          reported that forensic medical examinations of Mr. Bustamante on
          19 and 21 July 1995 had not revealed any external injuries. Furthermore,
          Public Prosecutor No. 3 of the State of Apure had noted contradictions in
          Mr. Bustamante's statement. On approximately 20 July, the regional military
          court had opened an investigation which, as of June 1996, was still in the
          pre-trial phase.
          551. Daniel Alvarado Alarcôn, Julio Enrique Andrade, Enrique Barroso
          Hernández, Luis Alberto Caballero, Hector Chacôn Duque, José Gregorio Escalona
          Delgado, Lisandro Perez Hernández, Orlando Ramirez Perez, José Angel
        
          
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          Rodriguez, Julio Rojas Avila, Jhonatan Toro Marval, Carlos Alejandro Valeiro
          and Mark Zuchelli, students at the Central University of Venezuela, who were
          arrested on 23 January 1992 in Caracas. The Government informed the Special
          Rapporteur that on 29 August 1994, the Office of the Public Prosecutor had
          brought formal charges for the injuries for which officers of the Metropolitan
          Police were considered responsible and, on 28 May 1996, had requested an
          investigation for further clarification of the facts.
          552. Pablo José Rondôn Hernmndez and Brezne Manzano Rodriguez, who were
          arrested on 21 October 1991 in Caracas. The Government reported that on 30
          May 1995, the Office of the Public Prosecutor had requested the opening of a
          pre-trial investigation against officials of the Metropolitan Police, who had
          not yet been identified.
          553. Carlos Bernardino Carballo Morales, who was arrested on 18 October 1991
          in La Vaga, Caracas. The Government reported that on 26 December 1995, the
          Office of the Public Prosecutor had requested the opening of a pre-trial
          investigation before the Criminal Court of First Instance No. 27 and, on
          7 June 1996, had requested the court to reach a decision on the matter as
          quickly as possible.
          554. Tulio Aguilar and 21 other citizens, who were arrested in Valencia
          on 4 February 1992. The Government reported that the Office of the Public
          Prosecutor of the State of Carabobo had requested an informaciôn de nudo hecho
          investigation for physical injuries allegedly caused by officers of the State
          Police and the National Guard. However, the officials involved had not been
          identified. On 4 May 1994, the Prosecutor's Office requested the court to
          expedite the procedure.
          555. Yorfan José Berrios Montillo, who was arrested by officers of the
          National Guard on 18 October 1991 in La Vega, Caracas. The Government
          reported that on 13 December 1991 the Office of the Public Prosecutor had
          requested the appropriate informaciôn de nudo hecho procedure and was
          currently awaiting the results of some procedures before filing charges.
          556. José Jthtonio Briceflo, Omar Uribe, Julio César Vera and Arnel Rodriguez,
          who were arrested on 2 June 1992 by the Metropolitan Police in the vicinity of
          the Instituto Caballero Mejias in Caracas. The Government reported that, in
          the case of citizen Julio César Vera, the investigation had been closed due to
          prescription of the penal action, since the injuries had been described as
          slight. In the cases of José Antonio Briceflo and Omar Uribe, the
          investigation was still under way and the file had been forwarded to the
          Criminal Investigations Police (PTJ) for investigation. In the case of
          Arnel Rodriguez, the Office of the Public Prosecutor had not received any
          complaint.
          557. Pedro Miguel Franquis Aguilar, who was arrested on 25 February 1992 in
          La Laguna, Caracas, by the Metropolitan Police. One week later, he was
          reportedly found dead with signs of having been tortured. The Government
          reported that three officials of the Metropolitan Police had been dismissed
          from their posts and in 1994 sentenced to 7 years and 6 months imprisonment
          for homicide. On 27 June 1995, the Second Criminal Court of the State of
          Miranda suspended their sentences.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          558. Ivo Rodriguez Escudero who was arrested on 26 November 1992 in Valencia
          by members of the DISIP. The Government reported that on 6 September 1994,
          the Office of the Public Prosecutor filed charges in the Second Criminal Court
          of First Instance of the State of Carabobo, which had subsequently handed down
          a decision declaring that the investigation was closed due to prescription of
          the penal action.
          559. John Antonio PIez and Edgar Rafael SuIrez 1-lermoso, who were arrested in
          Maracay on 22 January 1994 and 9 December 1992, respectively. The Government
          informed the Special Rapporteur that no complaint had been lodged with the
          Office of the Public Prosecutor in these cases.
          560. José Fermin Macarri, a minor, who was arrested in July 1992 in Caracas
          by the Metropolitan Police. The Government reported that the person in
          question had not appeared at the Institute of Forensic Medicine for the
          medical examination that would have provided the Public Prosecutor with the
          necessary evidence for the processing of his case. It had therefore been
          impossible to request an informaciôn de nudo hecho procedure.
          561. José Blondell, who was arrested by officers of the PTJ of El Llanito,
          Petare, in March 1992. The Government reported that, despite multiple
          requests, the person had not appeared before the Office of the Public
          Prosecutor to confirm the facts as reported. Consequently, it had been
          impossible to request an informaciôn de nudo hecho procedure.
          562. Persons who were detained at the Barquisimeto police headquarters
          on 27 November 1992 on the occasion of a coup d'etat (urgent appeal by the
          Special Rapporteur dated 10 December 1992) . The Government reported that no
          complaint had been lodged with the Office of the Attorney-General of the
          Republic and that, consequently, no proceedings had been undertaken concerning
          the incommunicado detention, ill-treatment or other violations of these
          persons' human rights.
          563. Jesus Antonio Castillo Gômez, who was arrested by the investigatory
          police during the events which occurred at the Central University of Venezuela
          on 23 January 1992. The Government reported that the person in question had
          informed the Office of the Prosecutor in May 1994 that he did not wish the
          investigation to continue and that, as a result, it had decided to close the
          case.
          564. Romer Figueroa Lizardi, who died after being arrested in May 1992 in
          Ciudad Guayana, Bolivar, by the National Guard. The Government reported that
          on 13 April 1993, the Supreme Court had decided to declare the Permanent
          Military Court of Maturin competent to conduct the pre-trial investigation.
          On 15 July 1994, the President of the Republic dismissed the case.
          Viet Nam
          565. On 28 March 1996 the Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal in
          conjunction with the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary
          executions on behalf of Ly Thara, Ly Chandara (editor of the Cambodian-based
          Vietnamese language magazine Viet Nam Tu Do ) and Nguyen Phong Son, who had
          been deported from Cambodia to Viet Nam and were detained at Chi Hoa prison in
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          Ho Chi Minh City. Ly Thara had allegedly been beaten severely by
          interrogators to force a confession and was said to be facing the death
          penalty for crimes aimed at overthrowing the Government. Ly Chandara, who was
          reportedly being held in shackles, and Nguyen Phong Son were accused of
          writing articles critical of the Government. On 18 July 1996 the Government
          replied that they had been deported for having engaged in activities opposing
          Viet Nam on Cambodian soil. They were being treated humanely and receiving
          adequate medical attention and were in a normal condition of health.
          566. On 2 April 1996 the Special Rapporteur, in conjunction with the Chairman
          of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, made an urgent appeal on behalf
          of Thich Hai Tang, a Buddhist monk, who was reportedly being held in an
          underground solitary confinement cell, where he had been placed several months
          earlier, and was being denied urgent medical treatment for stomach ulcers. On
          19 July 1996 the Government replied that he had been brought to Hanoi for
          treatment of his stomach pain, not for solitary confinement underground. His
          health had stabilized, he was eating normally and he had gained weight. He
          had always been treated humanely while serving his sentence.
          Yugoslavia
          567. By letter dated 6 August 1996 the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the
          Government the cases of the following persons alleged to have been severely
          beaten by the police in timjle, Kosovo, in the dates mentioned in brackets:
          Rexhep Tahiri (7 June 1994), Sami Dugolli (11 March 1996), Ali Sadriu
          (10 March 1996) , Hana Tahiri, aged 89 or 90 (11 March 1996) , Xhevdet Tahiri,
          aged 13 or 14; Idriz Bajrami, (19 March 1996); and Nebih Hoxha, (3 May 1996)
          568. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted the case of Enver Grajçevi, an
          ethnic Albanian, who was reportedly arrested on 2 April in Priflina. At the
          time of his arrest he was said to be carrying a bag containing some 200 copies
          of a magazine issued by the clandestine organization the National Movement for
          the Liberation of Kosovo (LKcK) . He was allegedly subjected to torture,
          including electric shocks.
          Urgent appeals
          569. The Special Rapporteur, in conjunction with the Chairman of the Working
          Group on Arbitrary Detention and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of
          human rights in the territory of the former Yugoslavia, made urgent appeals on
          22 March and 30 April 1996. With respect to the 22 March appeal, it had been
          alleged that in timle, Kosovo, in February and March 1996, a number of
          persons had been questioned by police about their political and educational
          activities and some had been ill-treated, including Ali Sadriu, of the
          political party Lidha Demokratike ë Kosovés (LDK) , Sami Dugolli,
          Zenun Dugolli, Ragip Heseti, as well as a number of religious leaders and
          students, including Syleman Zuka and Shavit Rama. In a reply dated
          17 April 1996 the Government stated that the aforementioned persons had not
          been detained, nor had any criminal proceeding been conducted against them.
          They had not lodged any criminal charges against the officers alleged to be
          responsible.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          570. With respect to the appeal of 30 April 1996, information was received
          that more than 60 ethnic Albanians had been arbitrarily arrested in timlje,
          Detlane and PeD, following four separate incidents involving the deaths of five
          and the wounding of four ethnic Serbs on 22 April 1996. Some of the arrestees
          had allegedly been subjected to torture or other ill-treatment, including
          Nazmi Kabahsi, Shaqir Kreziu, Ramush Ahmeti and Ramush Sylaj.
          571. On 8 October 1996 the Special Rapporteur, in conjunction with the
          Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the territory of the
          former Yugoslavia, made an urgent appeal on behalf of a number of ethnic
          Albanians from Kosovo allegedly ill-treated by police upon returning to Kosovo
          from Germany following unsuccessful attempts to receive asylum in Germany.
          Zaire
          572. On 14 October 1996, the Special Rapporteur transmitted to the Government
          information on the cases summarized below.
          573. Odia Kabongo and Disashi Mwimpata were reportedly arrested on
          9 and 10 December, respectively, in Lubumbashi by the Civil Guard. While in
          detention, they were allegedly beaten with a metal bar and suffered various
          fractures.
          574. Kyamba Abedi was reportedly struck violently by a group of Civil Guard
          officers on 24 August 1995 at her home in Camp Mangengenge, Kinshasa. She was
          taken to Maluku Hospital, where she died of her wounds.
          575. Jean-Paul Kashila was arrested on 21 September 1995 in Kinshasa by three
          soldiers, who reportedly accused him of being in possession of a membership
          card of the Union pour la démocratie et le progrês social (Union for Democracy
          and Social Progress) . He was allegedly detained for 21 days on the premises
          of the Military Action and Information Service and tortured (in particular,
          his head is said to have been shaved with a piece of broken glass)
          576. Luanda Kibabo, Bahati Dieudonné, Nsdasimwa Maliralerwa, Byamungu Baroki,
          Milira Kubuya, Muhindo Mawazo, Bonane Bandu, Kamulete Ngabo and Kahima Bakulu
          were reportedly arrested on 28 January 1996 in Mweso by soldiers, who
          violently tortured them. It is alleged that Kamulete Ngabo and
          Byamungu Baroki died and Luanda Kibabo required the amputation of one hand as
          a result of this treatment.
          577. Sabini Victorina was reportedly arrested on 11 May 1996 in Kanyabayonga
          by members of the Goma Military Action and Information Service. While in
          detention, she was allegedly raped by several soldiers.
          578. Mbaire Lubuto was reportedly arrested on 15 June 1996 in Kirotshe by
          Operation Kimia soldiers and held in Sake, where he was tortured and subjected
          to inhuman treatment. In particular, he was allegedly wounded with a bayonet
          and a hot iron bar.
          579. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted to the Government urgent appeals
          on behalf of the following persons: Malira Kabuya, Byanungu Kahima,
          Ndasimwa Malire and Bonane, who were arrested on 29 January 1996 at Mweso, in
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          the Bachali Mokoto district of the town of Bashali in the Masisi zone of
          North Kivu (7 March 1996) ; Didi Mwati Bulambo, arrested on 25 July 1996 in the
          Mwenga zone of South Kivu (31 July 1996) ; Mr. Kabande and Mr. Rugazura, both
          local chiefs, and three clergymen, Mr. Muzizi, Mr. Bugunzu and Mr. Semutobo,
          who were arrested on 20 August 1996 in their village, Lemera, in the Uvira
          zone of South Kivu (9 September 1996) ; an unknown number of members of the
          Banyamulenge population of Uvira, South Kivu, after clashes with the
          Zairian army in early September (12 September 1996); and Kabuku Makule and
          Albert Muhingi, who were arrested on approximately 16 September 1996 between
          Kitshanga and Goma (8 October 1996)
          Zambia
          580. The Special Rapporteur made an urgent appeal on 20 March 1996 on behalf
          of Fred M'membe, editor in chief and Bright Mwape, managing editor of the
          newspaper The Post , who were detained in connection with articles critical of
          the Government published in the newspaper. On 2 April 1996 the Government
          replied that they had been detained after refusing to obey a summons to appear
          before the Privileges and Immunities Committee of the National Assembly to
          answer allegations of debasing the National Assembly. There was no
          information to suggest that they had been subjected to torture or
          ill-treatment and they had not complained of such upon their release.
          Other communications: information transmitted to
          the Palestinian Authority
          581. The Special Rapporteur sent to the Palestinian Authority the urgent
          appeals described in the paragraphs below.
          582. At least 700 suspected supporters of Hamas or Islamic Jihad were
          reportedly detained following several suicide bombings which had occurred in
          Israel. Many of these persons were being held incommunicado and some had
          allegedly been subjected to beatings during interrogation in Gaza, Jericho and
          Nablus prisons (27 March 1996)
          583. Adib Muhammad Ziadeh was reportedly arrested by members of the security
          forces ( mukhabarat ) on 8 March 1996 and taken to the intelligence section of
          Jericho prison for interrogation. He had allegedly been beaten severely and
          subjected to prolonged sleep deprivation and had been twice admitted to
          hospital during his detention. He was continuing to be held for interrogation
          (9 April 1996)
          584. lyad al-Sarraj, Director of the Gaza Community Mental Health Programme,
          was reportedly arrested on 10 June 1996 and allegedly beaten by police in
          custody. He was subsequently charged with drugs possession, pursuant to which
          a magistrates court reportedly ordered him released on bail. However, the
          State Security Court ordered that he remain detained in connection with a new
          allegation of assault on a police officer. According to the information
          received, he was continuing to be subjected to ill-treatment in detention
          (17 June 1996)
          585. ‘Ayman Sliman Muhammad al-Sabbah, Jamal al-Nabulsi and Naser Juma' were
          among a group of people arrested following their participation in a
        
          
          E/CN. 4/1997/7/Add. 1
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          demonstration on 2 August 1996 in Tulkarem. They had reportedly been
          subjected to severe beatings by members of the naval police in Jneid prison,
          Nablus. ‘Ayman al-Sabbah was allegedly beaten for seven hours on the soles of
          his feet. It was also reported that on 31 July 1996 another detainee in Jneid
          prison, Mahmud Jumayel, had died after being suspended from the ceiling,
          beaten and burned with electric implements and cigarettes. On 18 August 1996
          the Palestinian Authority informed the Special Rapporteur that it would
          investigate the above-described situation and take all proper measures through
          the appropriate channels (16 August 1996)
          586. Muhammad Yussef Matir, Yasser Muhammad Hantashal, Muhammad Hussain Abu
          Hawash, Isma'il al-Haj Musa al-Hantashal, Mustapha Ibrahim Abu Hawash, and
          Muhammad Jun Abu Hawash were reportedly arrested by the Palestinian Authority
          between 6 and 8 August 1996 in Dura, near Hebron. They were said to be held
          incommunicado in the custody of the Palestinian Preventive Security at an
          unknown location (23 August 1996)
        

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