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Report of the Special Rapporteur, Ms. Asma Jahanhir, submitted pursuant to Commission resolution 2000/31

          
          UNITED
          NATIONS
          Economic and Social
          Council
          COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
          Fiifiy-seventh session
          Item 11(b) of the provisional agenda
          Distr.
          GENERAL
          E/CN.4/200 1/9/Add. 1
          17 January 2001
          ENGLISH
          E
          Original: ENGLISHIFRENCHISPANISH
          ENGLISH, FRENCH AND SPANISH
          ONLY
          CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING QUESTIONS OF:
          DISAPPEARANCES AND SUMMARY EXECUTIONS
          Report of the Special Rapporteur, Ms. Asma Jahanhir, submitted
          pursuant to Commission resolution 2000/31
          Addendum
          Summary of cases transmitted to Governments and replies received
          GE.01-10261 (E)
        
          
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          page 2
          CONTENTS
          Paragraphs Page
          Introduction 1 - 2 5
          SUMMARY OF CASES TRANSMITTED AND REPLIES
          RECEIVED 3-437 5
          A. Countries 3 - 435 5
          Albania 3-6 5
          Algeria 7-9 5
          Angola 10-11 6
          Argentina 12- 15 6
          Austria 16 7
          Bahrain 17 8
          Bangladesh 18-19 9
          Bolivia 20 -26 9
          Brazil 27-35 11
          Burundi 36-41 13
          Cameroon 42 13
          Canada 43 -44 14
          Chile 45 14
          China 46-60 15
          Colombia 61 - 150 17
          Congo 151 35
          C6te d'Ivoire 152- 156 35
          Cuba 157-163 36
          Democratic Republic of the Congo 164 - 169 38
          Dominican Republic 170 - 171 38
          Ecuador 172- 173 39
          Egypt 174 39
          El Salvador 175 39
          Equatorial Guinea 177 - 176 40
        
          
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          CONTENTS ( continued)
          Paragraphs Page
          Ethiopia 178- 179 40
          Gambia 180-181 40
          Guatemala 182- 193 41
          Honduras 194- 205 43
          India 206 - 232 46
          Indonesia 233 - 244 50
          han (Islamic Republic of) 245 - 251 53
          Israel 252 - 262 55
          Jamaica 263 - 265 57
          Jordan 266 - 267 57
          Kenya 268 58
          Lebanon 269 58
          Mexico 270 - 297 59
          Myanmar 298-311 65
          Namibia 312 67
          Nepal 313-319 67
          Nicaragua 320 - 321 68
          Nigeria 322 68
          Oman 323 69
          Pakistan 324- 329 69
          Peru 330-337 71
          Philippines 338 - 340 72
          Russian Federation 341 -351 73
          Rwanda 352-353 75
          Saudi Arabia 354-355 75
          Spain 356-357 76
          SriLanka 358-370 77
          Sudan 371 -373 79
          Tajikistan 374 - 375 80
        
          
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          CONTENTS ( continued)
          Paragraphs Page
          Tunisia 376 - 378 80
          Turkey 379-380 81
          United Arab Emirates 381 - 384 81
          United States of America 385 -409 82
          Uzbekistan 410-418 88
          Venezuela 419 - 422 90
          Yemen 423 -425 91
          Yugoslavia 426 - 427 91
          Zambia 428 - 433 92
          Zimbabwe 434-435 92
          B. Other 436-437 93
          Palestinian Authority
          436 - 437 93
        
          
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          Introduction
          1. This addendum to the report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or
          arbitrary executions describes 63 country situations and gives an account of actions undertaken
          by the Special Rapporteur between 13 December 1999 and 15 December 2000. It also contains
          in summary form the replies received from Governments to her communications, as well as
          observations of the Special Rapporteur where considered appropriate.
          2. Owing to restrictions on the length of documents, the Special Rapporteur has been
          obliged to reduce considerably details of communications sent and received. As a result,
          requests from Governments to publish their replies in their totality could not be acceded to. For
          the same reason, responses from sources to requests of the Special Rapporteur, although of great
          importance to her work, are reflected only very briefly in the report.
          SUMMARY OF CASES TRANSMITTED AND REPLIES RECEIVED
          A. Countries
          Albania
          3. The Special Rapporteur received a reply from the Government of Albania to a previous
          communication concerning the death of Mr. Agron Pasha, reported in last year's report to the
          Commission.
          4. By letter dated 11 February 2000 the Government of Albania informed the Special
          Rapporteur that all the facts mentioned in her communication were correct. According to the
          Government, referring to the medical-legal expertise, Agron Pasha's death was due to severe
          injuries caused by weapons”.
          5. The Government reported that the relatives of the victim had submitted a complaint to the
          police station in Fier, which was sent immediately to the General Prosecutor's Off cc.
          Investigations were carried out by the Prosecutor's Offce of Fier District, which is the
          responsible authority for the investigation of this case, in cooperation with the Judicial Police of
          the Police Commissariat of Fier. The responsible judicial authority is the Supreme Court of Fier.
          6. The case was still under investigation. OEe Government had ordered the arrest of
          four persons who at the time of the murder of Agron Pasha were employees of the Fier
          Commissariat of Police; only one person has been detained so far.
          Algeria
          Communications sent
          7. On 20 October 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent to the Government an allegation
          concerning the violation of the right to life of Abdelkader Hachani, a member of the Islamic
          Salvation Front, who reportedly was shot dead while he was at his dentist's offce in Algiers
          on 22 November 2000.
        
          
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          Communications received
          8. On 8 December 2000 the Government of Algeria transmitted information to the Special
          Rapporteur concerning the case of Abdelkader Hachani. The Government reported that neither
          Abdelkader Hachani nor his family had made a complaint about alleged death threats. A
          post-mortem examination was carried out at the request of the competent court, but the results
          were still unknown. One individual has been accused of the crime. The case is still under
          investigation.
          Observations
          9. The Special Rapporteur wishes to recall that she has indicated her interest in visiting
          Algeria and hopes that the Government will give positive consideration to this request.
          Angola
          Communications sent
          10. The Special Rapporteur transmitted one allegation concerning 27 people who were
          reportedly killed on 11 December 1999 along the Kavango river, allegedly by government
          troops. It was reported that Mateus Huhwa, Kameya, Kanyanga, Lyamalilo Kanyanga,
          Ndumba Mawano, Kangonga Muhuli, Muyenga, Shihwaku, Joahnnes Shiyave,
          Kanoya Vihemba, Tjameja Muyenga, Shivava Kalimbwe, Ngondo Likolo, Ndaia Likuwa and
          Siyave Musenete were identiffied among the 27 reported killed.
          Communications received
          11. The Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the ffinalization of this report the
          Government had not replied to her communications.
          Argentina
          Urgent appeals
          12. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 31 October 2000 jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on the independence ofjudges and lawyers in connection with the cases of
          Carlos Varela, Diego Lavado and Alejandro Acosta, lawyers practising in Mendoza who were
          reportedly subjected to harassment and death threats. According to the source, the threats were
          related to those persons' work as legal representatives in one case of disappearance and in
          two presumed cases of murder. According to the information received, Carlos Varela,
          Diego Lavado and Alejandro Acosa represent the families of an individual who has been missing
          since 1997 and of two persons whose dead bodies were found in July 2000, in proceedings
          reportedly involving members of the police. On 24 October 2000, moreover, the Mendoza
          offces of the aforementioned persons were reportedly broken into and various ffiles are said to
          have been removed.
        
          
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          13. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 5 December 2000 jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on the independence ofjudges and lawyers and the Special Representative of
          the Secretary-General for human rights defenders concerning the death threats reportedly
          received by Matilde Bruffiera, a lecturer at the National University of Rosario and a lawyer for
          the Association Familiares de Desaparecidos, the Permanent Assembly for Human Rights and
          the Association Foro Memoria y Sociedad in the province of Santa Fe, as well as by other human
          rights activists and lawyers working to defend human rights. The source believes that these acts
          were related to the activities of a number of organizations, human rights defenders and
          professionals promoting so-called trials of the truth” in Rosario to establish the fate of persons
          who disappeared during the last military dictatorship (1976-1983) and to determine those
          responsible.
          Communications received
          14. By letter dated 10 March 2000 the Government of Argentina informed the Special
          Rapporteur about the cases of Elvio Zanoti, Sonia Tones de Parodi and Maria Teresa S5nchez,
          Lawyers of the Association Abuelas de Mayo, Cordoba Section. The Special Rapporteur had
          sent an urgent appeal on 26 May 1999 concerning the safety of these persons. The Government
          informed the Special Rapporteur that the actions taken to protect the lives of Elvio Zanoti,
          Sonia Torres de Parodi and Maria Teresa S tnchez were as follows.
          15. On 8 March 1999 the Public Prosecutor's Offfice took statements from Elvio Zanoti and
          Maria Teresa S tnchez. On 13 April 1999, appearing at the same Off cc, Maria Teresa S tnchez
          complained that a car had stopped in front of her home and had proceeded to take photographs
          of the house; she furthermore provided information for the identiffication of the vehicle,
          which according to the Government was traced. Regarding the complaints also made by
          Sonia Tones de Parodi about death threats said to have been received, the Government stated
          that on 23 April 1999, with a view to ensuring the informant's physical safety, an application
          was made to Federal Court No. 3 for 24-hour police protection to be provided to Sonia Tones
          de Parodi by special uniformed personnel. Concerning the threats received by Elvio Zanoti, the
          Government indicated that various steps had been taken to identify the author or authors and that
          at the time of the communication the Public Prosecutor's Offce had been in the process of
          analysing the recordings and transcripts of tapes already requested by it from TELECOM with a
          view to tracing the threats.
          Austria
          Communications received
          16. By letters dated 3 and 14 March 2000 the Government of Austria replied to the
          communication transmitted by the Special Rapporteur in 1999 concerning Marcus Omofuma,
          a Nigerian citizen who died in police custody while he was being deported from Austria
          on 1 May 1999. The Government reported that immediately aifier the announcement of the death
          of Marcus Omofuma, the Federal Ministry of the Interior ordered a full investigation of the case
          and the immediate involvement of the Public Prosecutor's Off cc. The purpose of this measure
          was to establish the facts independently of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and to ensure the
          necessary consequences under criminal law. OEe Government reported that a preliminary
        
          
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          investigation was being conducted by the Korneuburg Regional Court of the police off cers
          involved in the case. On 7 May 1999, the Vienna Federal Police Directorate, as the superior
          authority of the offcers carrying out the deportation, ffiled a disciplinary report with the
          Disciplinary Commission in the Federal Ministry of the Interior. In this report, the Directorate
          held the view, on the basis of the statement of facts, that the conduct of the offcers involved in
          the action amounted to a violation of their general duties. The offcers were immediately
          removed from their posts in the Aliens Police Department and assigned to the Offce for
          Criminal Investigation, Criminal Technology and Detective Action. In addition, it suspended the
          offcers in question on 20 May 2000 on suspicion of having violated their service duties. In view
          of the need for a still more intensive analysis of the human rights issue by the security police and
          a constant review of the police actions under the aspect of human rights, the Federal Ministry of
          the Interior has established a Human Rights Advisory Council in accordance with the Human
          Rights Advisory Council Amendment. Subsequently, the establishment of the Council was
          anchored in ordinary law as an amendment to the Security Police Act and safeguards were
          established in accordance with the relevant constitutional provisions. The Human Rights
          Advisory Committee is not restricted to conducting control measures and pointing out cases of
          administrative abuse, but may, within the scope of its activities, also make suggestions for
          improvement to the Federal Ministry of the Interior which include aspects concerning the
          performance of certain tasks as well as the organizational framework of the activities of the
          security police from the point of view of human rights. In a letter of 9 June 1999, the Human
          Rights Advisory Council was requested to examine the accusations against the security police in
          connection with the death of Marcus Omofuma from the point of view of human rights. OEe
          Government of Austria provided the Special Rapporteur with the recommendations made by the
          Council and which at the date of the letter were being reviewed by the Federal Ministry of the
          Interior. OEe Federal Ministry of the Interior has covered the cost of transferring the body of
          Marcus Omofuma as well as the expenditure for travel to and sojourn in Austria incurred by the
          family of the deceased. The Government informed the Special Rapporteur that any
          compensation payments beyond these amounts can only be eLected aifier the court proceedings
          are concluded. By letter dated 14 March 2000 the Government of Austria fully replied to the
          Special Rapporteur's questions on the death of Marcus Omofuma.
          Bahrain
          17. By letter dated 13 April 2000, the Government of Babrain informed the Special
          Rapporteur about the case of Mohamed Abdullah Hassan Mohamed Al-Sayyah, which was
          transmitted by the Special Rapporteur on 8 October 1998. Mohamed Abdullah Hassan
          Mohamed Al-Sayyah reportedly died on 30 September 1998 in Salmaya Hospital aifier being
          treated for injuries allegedly inflicted by a police offcer. OEe Government reported that
          Mohamed Abdullah Hassan Mohamed Al-Sayyah was arrested on 5 April 1995 on suspicion of
          having, together with other persons, caused death by ffirebombing a police vehicle in 1995. He
          was subsequently charged, tried and acquitted and was released on 12 July 1995. OEe
          Government reported that Mohamed Abdullah Hassan Mohamed Al-Sayyah had been
          admitted to hospital on 19 August 1995, and had at that time been diagnosed with cancer.
          He had been readmitted to hospital several times until his cancer-related death in hospital
          on 30 September 1998. The Government provided the Special Rapporteur with the death
        
          
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          certifficate. According to the Government neither the death certifficate nor any medical records
          provide any evidence whatsoever to substantiate the allegation that Mohamed Abdullah Hassan
          Mohamed Al-Sayyah's death was the result of mistreatment while in police custody.
          Bangladesh
          Communications sent
          18. The Special Rapporteur transmitted one allegation to the Government of Bangladesh
          concerning Saiful Islam Solet, who died allegedly as a result of torture in police custody in
          Tongi OEana, Gazipur district.
          Communications received
          19. The Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the ffinalization of this report the
          Government had not transmitted any reply to her communications.
          Bolivia
          20. The Special Rapporteur transmitted four urgent appeals and one allegation to the
          Government of Bolivia during the period under review.
          Urgent appeals
          21. On 14 April 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Bolivia jointly with the Special Rapporteur on the question of torture, the Special Rapporteur on
          ffleedom of opinion and expression and the Chairman-Rapporteur of the Working Group on
          Arbitrary Detention concerning a number of persons who, according to the information received,
          had been detained aifier taking part in demonstrations on 7 and 8 April 2000 and were at risk
          of being subjected to torture and ill-treatment. OEose said to have been detained were:
          Gabriel Herbas, a member of the Foro del Medio Ambiente; Walter Antezana, head of the
          Central Obrera Departamental; Emilio Sejas, a heavy transport operator from Cochabamba;
          Ascencio Picha, leader of Tr6pico de Cochabamba; Felipe Quispe Huanca, head of the
          Federaci6n Sindical Unica de Trabajadores Campesinos de Bolivia; Fred Nuffiez, head of the
          Sindicato de Professores Rurales; and Angel Claur&, Sacarias Pereira, Victor Cossio,
          Francisco Partis, Santiago Gareca, Victor Nina, Enriqueta Imaca, Emilio Rodriguez,
          Filomeno Rivera, Felipe Flores, Osvaldo Toco, Juan Yapura and Pedro Soto. The Special
          Rapporteur conveyed to the Government her concern on learning that ffive people, including an
          army offcer and a minor, had reportedly lost their lives during violent clashes between
          protestors and the military in Cochabamba and La Paz.
          22. On 18 April 2000 the Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on the
          question of torture and the Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression, sent an
          urgent appeal to the Government of Bolivia expressing concern about the situation of
          David Goitia Benito (16 years), Franz Guzm5n (14 years), Noel Guzm5n (12 years) and,
          Wilfredo Plaza (14 years), four minors reportedly detained aifier taking part in demonstrations.
          According to the information, they were tortured to obtain statements incriminating community
        
          
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          and trade-union leaders, as well as themselves. Although reportedly now released, there are said
          to be still fears for their safety and liberty. In addition, according to the information,
          David Goitia was beaten and suLered bruises on his body and a broken nose; Franz and
          Noel Guzm5n were held under water and beaten; Wilfredo Plaza was detained and later returned
          to his house; and Bartolom& Flores and Edwin Huanca were soaked with water and given electric
          shocks. OEe Special Rapporteurs also drew the Government's attention to death threats allegedly
          received on 13 April by Gloria Eyzaguirre and Jaime Buitrago, journalists for the Presencia daily
          newspaper, as well as a bomb threat in its offces. According to the information, the threats
          might have been prompted by the publication in the newspaper of a series of articles about
          clandestine gambling halls and their links with some powerful quarters, and might also have
          come from paramilitary groups hostile to the newspaper's editorial policy. According to the
          information, as of 10 April threats were received by Oswaldo Rojas, a correspondent, the
          photography department and editorial staL of the television station Periodistas Asociados
          Televisi6n (PAT) - Canal 39 in Cochabamba, which reportedly broadcast pictures of the
          crackdown on demonstrations in that city, as well as the members of the PAT television network
          reported to have ffilmed and shown the shooting of Hugo Gaza (17 years).
          23. On 18 July 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on the question of torture regarding the cases of Juan Carlos Caballero,
          Oscar Martin Serna, Ronald Alber Horna Aranda (a Peruvian national) and Carlos Albert Simoes
          Junior. OEe four were reportedly being kept in punishment and solitary conffinement cells at the
          high security prison of San Pedro de Chonchocoro in La Paz, Bolivia. OEe Special Rapporteurs
          expressed concern in their urgent appeal about information received regarding the torture to
          which the said detainees might have been subjected.
          24. On 6 October, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal jointly with the Special
          Rapporteur on the question of torture aifier receiving information about the events
          of 18 and 28 September 2000, when hundreds of peasants are said to have blocked roads in the
          departments of La Paz, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and Chuquisaca. It is reported that 40 persons
          were detained, 23 were injured and 3 died as a result of those events. The Special Rapporteur
          requested the Government to take the necessary steps to prevent any recurrence of such incidents
          and asked to be provided with information about investigations under way to establish the facts.
          Communications sent
          25. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation to the Government of Bolivia relating
          to the case of Victor Hugo Daza, a 17-year-old student who reportedly died on 8 April 2000
          aifier being shot in the head, according to the source, by a member of the Army's Seventh
          Division. OEe incident allegedly took place during a demonstration against an increase in water
          rates in the town of Cochabamba, where the army is said to have opened ffire on the
          demonstrators.
          Communications received
          26. By a letter dated 13 September 2000, the Government of Bolivia conveyed information to
          the Special Rapporteur regarding the case of Victor Hugo Daza. According to the information
          received, it had not been possible to identify the perpetrator owing to the failure of any military
        
          
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          personnel to come forward and make statements. According to the death certifficate, the cause of
          death was a gunshot wound in the labial region of the head. The Government indicated that,
          although no autopsy was performed, an examination of the dead body on 25 May conffirmed the
          cause of death. In the communication it is stated that a case was opened automatically and that
          the complaint from the victim's mother was made later. The case is being investigated
          Bnizfi
          27. During the period under review the Special Rapporteur transmitted six urgent appeals,
          one jointly with the Special Rapporteur on the question of torture, to the Government of Brazil.
          Urgent appeals
          28. On 1 March 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Brazil on behalf of Marcelo and Alexandre Barbosa dos Santos, both witnesses to the killing of
          their brother Fabio. According to reports Fabio Barbosa was shot in the back, allegedly by a
          military police off cer as he was passing a police vehicle in SAo Paulo on 5 December 1999. It
          was brought to the attention of the Special Rapporteur that when Fabio's parents reported his
          killing to the civil police (responsible for investigating crimes), the police chief allegedly refused
          to record their complaint. OEey later reported the killing to the SAo Paulo Police Ombudsman's
          offce and the two police offcers have since been charged with homicide. It was also reported
          that Marcelo Barbosa, who accompanied his mother to the 22nd Military Police Battalion where
          she had been summoned to testify on 23 February, was reportedly approached by two policemen
          who allegedly told him that if anything happened to the policemen charged with his brother's
          murder, he should be careful because he never knew who might be travelling in the bus he
          drives”. In view of these allegations, the Special Rapporteur urged the Government of Brazil to
          take all necessary steps to ensure the safety and physical integrity of Marcelo and Alexandre
          Barbosa dos Santos.
          29. On 22 March 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Brazil expressing her concern over the safety of members of the Macuxi and Wapixana
          communities in Roraima State, as well as some individuals who work directly with them. OEe
          Special Rapporteur had received reports of threats to the safety of Sirley Fatima Weber Marcelo
          and Edna Margarida Pitarelli, nuns from the order Servas do Espirito Santo , Jeronimo Pereira
          da Silva, General Coordinator of Roraima Indigenous Council ( Conselho Indigena de Roraima ,
          CIR), Jacir Jose da Souza, CIR regional leader, and Walter Bbs, member of the National Indian
          Foundation ( FundaQao Nacional do Indio , FUNAI). It was reported that these persons had been
          harassed and threatened in connection with their involvement in campaigning for the legalization
          of the indigenous peoples' claim to territory in Roraima State. On 2 March, Jeronimo Pereira
          da Silva and Jacir Jose da Souza were allegedly stopped and threatened by a group of armed
          military police, who were setting up a roadblock near the community of Urucuri, SAo Mateus,
          Roraima State. On 4 March, Sirley Fatima Weber Marcelo and Edna Margarida Pitarelli, who
          work with Macuxi and Wapixana indigenous people, were allegedly threatened by a group of
          more than 30 landowners while travelling towards the indigenous territory of Ananas in the
          Amajari region. It was further reported that Walter Bbs had received several death threats
          because of his professional activity within the National Indian Foundation in Boa Vista, which is
          responsible for the process of legalization of the Macuxi and Wapixana territorial claims.
        
          
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          30. On 28 May 2000, the Special Rapporteur informed the Government of Brazil about
          concerns expressed over the safety of Henri de Rosiers, a priest who worked as a lawyer for the
          Catholic human rights organization CommisAo Pastoral da Terra (CPT), (Pastoral Land
          Commission), in Xinguara, in the south of Pant State. The Special Rapporteur had been
          informed of the death threats against Henri de Rosiers whose name had reportedly appeared on a
          death list drawn up by a death squad. It was reported that Henri de Rosiers was the prosecution
          lawyer in the expected trial of a local landowner accused of ordering the killing of land activist
          Expedito Ribeiro de Souza, President of the Sindicato de Trabalhadores Rurais (Union of Rural
          Workers), who died on 2 February 1991 in Rio Maria, Pant.
          31. On 19 June the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of Brazil
          concerning the safety of Eduardo Bernardes da Silva, an Amnesty International member who had
          received several death threats allegedly because of his work as a defender of the rights of gay
          and lesbian groups.
          32. On 7 July 2000 the Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on torture,
          sent an urgent appeal concerning the case of Anderson Carlos Crispiano, who was reportedly
          arrested by a group of police offcers in connection with two homicides. OEe Special
          Rapporteurs received reports that Anderson Carlos Cipriano had been severely beaten on the
          head, face and other parts of his body and had had four toenails torn out. He reportedly had lost
          consciousness and had been taken to the Bonsucesso General Hospital. As a result of the torture,
          he had reportedly been unable to speak, suffered from partial paralysis and had been diagnosed
          initially with a stroke. The Special Rapporteurs were informed that family members of
          Anderson Carlos Cipriano had received several death threats and that their lives may be at risk.
          33. On 5 July 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of Brazil
          concerning the death threats allegedly received on 28 June 2000 by Dionisio Vendresen, member
          of the Guarapuava Pastoral Land Commission. OEe Special Rapporteur was informed that the
          death threats were directly connected with his work as a human rights activist.
          34. On 26 September 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government
          of Brazil referring to reports that, on 9 September 2000, Sandoval Alves de Lima, one of the
          leaders of a group of 78 families occupying the Fazenda Antas estate in the municipality of
          Sobrado, had reportedly been shot dead in the municipality of Sap&. It is alleged that the killer,
          who reportedly works for a local businessman with close links to the owner of the Fazenda
          Antas, shouted to bystanders that he had not ffinished and that he had a death list with ffive more
          names on it, reportedly Jose Vitor de Oliveira Neto, Antonio Epitacio da Costa, Manoel Paulo
          and Josenilton Carreiro de Melo. According to the information received, despite the fact that
          CPT had provided the authorities with a list of eyewitnesses, no action has reportedly been taken
          to open an investigation into the murder of Sandoval Alves de Lima.
          Communications received
          35. By a letter dated 24 July 2000 the Government of Brazil provided information to the
          Special Rapporteur about the case of Fabio Barbosa dos Santos, who according to the
          Government died in cross-ffire with members of the police when the latter ordered Fabio Barbosa
          dos Santos and four other individuals who were riding motorcycles, to stop. OEe Government
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
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          stated that an investigation had been opened to clarify the facts. With regard to the death threats
          reportedly received by Marcelo and Alexandre Barbosa dos Santos, brothers of Fabio Barbosa
          dos Santos and witnesses in the case relating to his death, the Government indicated that the
          Chief of the Civil Police in SAo Paulo had made arrangements to provide for the safety and
          physical integrity of Marcelo and Alexandre Barbosa dos Santos.
          Bunindi
          Urgent appeals
          36. The Special Rapporteur transmitted ajoint urgent appeal with the Special Rapporteur on
          the situation of human rights in Burundi on 30 October 2000 on behalf of Napol&on Manikariza
          and Ren& Rukengamangamizi who had been sentenced to death on 18 October by the Conseil de
          Guerre. It was reported that the convicted were executed on 19 October 2000. It was alleged
          that the accused had no right to defence or appeal against the sentence.
          Communications sent
          37. The Special Rapporteur transmitted three allegations to the Government of Burundi
          concerning the violation of the right to life of more than 128 individuals.
          38. According to the information received, more than 28 civilians were killed by soldiers on
          29 September 2000 to the north of Bujumbura aifier a military operation in the area. More
          speciffically, it was at Kamenge, Gasenyi and Gituro, several kilometres to the north of
          Bujumbura, that some massacres were reportedly perpetrated.
          39. According to the information received, more than 43 civilians were killed by soldiers
          on 31 December 1999 to the south of Bujumbura aifier a military operation in the area. More
          speciffically, it was at Kabezi, to the south of Bujumbura, that some massacres were reportedly
          perpetrated. Several dozen civilians, including women and children were reportedly killed.
          40. According to the information received, Haruna Etungano, Pedezo Chuki, Sifa Lubanda
          and 57 other unidentified persons were killed by soldiers on 9 May 1999 in the village of
          Karamba, on the shore of Lake Tanganya, aifier a military operation in the area.
          Communications received
          41. The Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the ffinalization of this report the
          Government had not transmitted any reply to her communications.
          Cameroon
          Communications received
          42. On 10 August 2000 the Government of Cameroon transmitted information concerning
          the case of Mr. Tchambou. The Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur
          on torture, had transmitted an urgent appeal concerning the safety of Mr. Tchambou
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
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          on 26 November 1999. The Government reported that the detention of Mr. Tchambou was not
          related to his activities as a member of the Mouvement pour la defense des droits de l'homme et
          des libert&s (MDHL) but was due to an alleged common law infraction.
          Canada
          Urgent appeals
          43. On 9 August 2000 the Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on
          violence against women and the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, sent an
          urgent appeal to the Government concerning Anam Iqra, a Pakistani female citizen who has
          sought refugee status in Canada. According to the information received by the Special
          Rapporteurs, Anam Iqra's mother had been murdered by her father for not conforming to the
          traditional practices of her family. After her mother was murdered, Ms. Iqra had allegedly been
          confined and tortured by her brother. It was reported that her family threatened to kill her in case
          of any protest. Ms. Iqra ran away from home and was in hiding in diLerent places, pursued by
          her brother and male members of her family who threatened to kill her. She was helped to
          escape to the United States of America from where she went to Canada. According to the
          information brought to the Special Rapporteur's attention, she was at risk of being deported from
          Canada to Pakistan. The Special Rapporteurs expressed their deep concern about her fate in
          Pakistan should she be deported.
          Communications received
          44. On 28 November 2000 the Government of Canada transmitted to the Special Rapporteur
          information concerning Anam Iqra. The Government reported that Anam Iqra was determined
          eligible to be considered as a refugee (i.e. to enter the refugee determination process)
          on 25 July 2000. On 7 September 2000, she obtained an employment authorization, so she could
          work while the refugee determination process went on. According to the Government it
          currently takes approximately eight months in Qu&bec region for a hearing to be held and a
          decision on refugee status to be made. The Immigration and Refugee Board, which decides
          refugee claims, is subject to strict privacy regulations which do not allow it to provide
          information on refugee claims without the express permission of the applicant and/or her legal
          counsel. OEe Government reported that no decision had been made to deport Anam Iqra and that
          the concerns expressed by the Special Rapporteur had been transmitted to the Refugee Hearing
          OLicer to be added to Anam Iqra's ffile for the purposes of the hearing. As Anam Iqra had
          entered Canada from the United States, the Government of Canada reported that deportation,
          were it to be considered, would be considered to the United States and not to Pakistan. Canada
          has a reciprocal agreement with the United States on deportations.
          Chile
          Communications received
          45. On 8 November 2000 the Government of Chile replied to an urgent appeal transmitted by
          the Special Rapporteur on 14 January 1999 and reported in last year's report. OEe Special
          Rapporteur had expressed her concern over reports of death threats allegedly received by
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
          page 15
          members of the non-governmental organization Corporaci6n por los Derechos del Pueblo
          (CODEPU). According to the reply transmitted by the Government, the Director of the
          carabineros affrmed that there had been no death threats addressed to CODEPU members. The
          Government stated that the Penal Court 12 of Santiago, in charge of the investigation, had
          reported that no claim had been ffiled concerning death threats received by CODEPU.
          China
          46. The Special Rapporteur transmitted four urgent appeals concerning four individuals who
          were reportedly facing imminent execution.
          Urgent appeals
          47. On 10 March 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          China concerning the case of Hu Changqing, former vice-governor of Jiangxi province.
          Mr. Hu Changqing had reportedly been sentenced to death on 15 February 2000 by the
          Nanchang Intermediate People's Court for various crimes of corruption.. The Supreme People's
          Court upheld the sentence and Hu Changqing was reportedly executed.
          48. On 20 June 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal concerning the case of
          Fang Yong, who was sentenced to death for corruption by the Ningbo City Intermediate People's
          Court in Zhejiang province on 8 June 2000. Mr. Fang Yong, who worked as an accountant with
          the China Bank of Communications, was alleged to have embezzled public funds from the bank
          reportedly using forged documents. The Special Rapporteur appealed to the Government to
          refflain from executing Mr. Fang Yong.
          49. On 12 July 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal jointly with the Special
          Rapporteur on torture concerning the case of Zhuo Xiaojun who was sentenced to death aifier
          being convicted of intentional killings” by Fuzhou City Intermediate People's Court. It had
          been alleged that his trial and pre-trial detention did not meet basic international fair trial
          standards. Fears had been expressed that he had been tortured under interrogation and might be
          at risk of more torture or other forms of ill-treatment.
          50. On 10 August 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government
          concerning the case of Cheng Kejie, a 66-year-old senior member of Parliament of the People's
          Republic of China, who was sentenced to death on 31 July 2000 by the Beijing No. 1
          Intermediate People's Court. It had been reported that Mr. Cheng Kejie had been sentenced to
          death for various crimes of corruption. In March 2000, he was removed from his National
          People's Congress post and subsequently expelled from the Communist Party.
          Communications sent
          51. The Special Rapporteur transmitted eight communications of violations of the right to life
          to the Government of China on behalf of the following persons.
        
          
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          page 16
          52. On 21 April 2000, Li Hiu-Xi was reportedly taken to the police station in Hou town,
          where he was allegedly subjected to severe beatings by the police. The police reportedly
          informed the family of his death only aifier having cremated his body in the morning
          of 22 April 2000. The police allegedly threatened his family not to tell anyone about it.
          53. On 29 September 1999, Zhao Jinhua was working in the flelds when she was arrested by
          the police. She was reportedly taken to a police station where she was severely beaten and
          subjected to electric shocks. It was alleged that she died in police custody as a result of this
          treatment on 7 October 1999. An offcial autopsy report allegedly stated that her body displayed
          multiple wounds to the head and other parts of her body, probably sustained as a result of
          beatings with a blunt object.
          54. Chen Zixiu reportedly died while in police custody on 20 February 2000. It was reported
          that she was captured by the person responsible for regulating Falun Gong in her area, and taken
          to the Beigua police station. OEe following day she was reportedly transferred to the Falun
          Gong Re-education Centre”- Chengguan Street branch, where she was allegedly subjected to
          severe beatings by State off cials for several days. It is alleged that Chen Zixiu died in custody
          as a result of this ill-treatment.
          55. Li Zaiji had reportedly been sentenced to one year of forced labour because of his
          Falun Gong activities. On 7 July 2000, the police in Jilin city reportedly told his family to go to
          the local hospital to take care of him. When they arrived at the hospital, Li Zaiji was allegedly
          already dead. It is reported that his body displayed multiple wounds, suggesting that he had been
          severely ill-treated. His body was reportedly cremated by the police on 14 July 2000.
          56. Wang Xingtian allegedly died on 25 March 2000. It was reported that
          on 21 February 2000, the Dayang village authorities detained Wang Xingtian
          and 11 other persons in order to prevent them from going to Beijing to appeal against the
          treatment of Falun Gong practitioners. Aifier 33 days in detention they were reportedly taken to
          Beiquanli jail. While in detention the 12 persons were allegedly ordered to write a statement
          denouncing Falun Gong. Wang Xingtian reportedly refused to sign this document.
          On 25 March 2000, the village authorities in Beiquanly allegedly brought in a group of men who
          beat Wang Xingtian using electric batons and police truncheons. It is reported that he died of his
          wounds on 25 March 2000 at around 5.00 p.m.
          57. It was reported that on 21 April 2000, Li Huixi was on his way from his home town to
          Beijing when he was stopped by the police and escorted to the police station in Hou town. It is
          alleged that he was severely beaten while in custody. On 22 April 2000, the police reportedly
          informed his family of his death aifier having cremated his body. OEe police allegedly warned
          the family not to tell anyone about the death.
          58. It was reported that on 2 March 2000, Zhang Zhenggang was taken into custody at the
          Huaian police station. On 25 March 2000 he was allegedly subjected to severe beatings, which
          reportedly resulted in injuries to his skull and brain. According to the information received, he
          was later sent to the hospital in Huaian city for emergency treatment, where he fell into a coma.
          Zhang Zhenggang reportedly died at Huaian hospital on 30 March 2000.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
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          59. It was reported that in September 1999, Zhou Zhichang was arrested and taken to the
          detention centre in Shuangcheng city. On 6 May 2000, aifier several days on hunger strike, he
          was reportedly taken to Shuangcheng hospital where he died the same aifiernoon. It is reported
          that his body displayed injuries suggesting that he had been subjected to ill-treatment while in
          custody.
          Communications received
          60. The Government of China transmitted replies to the Special Rapporteur on 21 November
          and 1 December 2000. The replies have been submitted for translation.
          Colombia
          61. During the period under review, the Special Rapporteur continued to receive a large
          number of allegations of violations of the right to life in Colombia. The Special Rapporteur
          wishes to state that although the majority of these allegations relate to acts of extreme violence
          committed by paramilitary groups, the allegations received also include violations of the right to
          life attributed to State security forces. The Special Rapporteur is appalled by the acts committed
          on 5 May 2000, allegedly by members of the paramilitary and the military, in Vereda de la Pica,
          Department of Antioquia, where six minors died.
          Urgent appeals
          (a) Actions carried out by paramilitary groups
          Human rights activists
          62. On 22 February, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Colombia aifier learning that, at 7.30 a.m. on 19 February, around 20 armed and uniformed men
          had reportedly entered the peace community of San Jos& de Apartad6. They are said to have
          broken into several premises there, killing Jos& Ubaldo Quintero, Edgar Mario Urrego Osorio,
          Luis Eduardo Ciro Arestiz5bal, Alonso Jim&nez and Albeiro Montoya. The source reported that
          several witnesses had identiffied badges belonging to the 17th Brigade on the uniforms of the
          paramilitaries. It is reported that members of the 17th Brigade were seen at an estate called
          La Guantinaja near San Jos& de Apartad6, in the community of Caracoli shortly before the
          events. In this context, the Special Rapporteur referred to the urgent appeal sent to the
          Government of Colombia on 13 April 1999, in which she had drawn the Government's attention
          to the risk she saw to the lives of the inhabitants of the peace community in San Juan de
          Apartad6 aifier having been informed of several operations, presumably by paramilitary groups,
          in the area that had reportedly caused the deaths of several persons.
          63. On 27 March, the Special Rapporteur was informed of the killing on 22 March of
          Otoniel Bautista Mantilla and Ricardo Antonio Goes Restrepo, members of the community
          of displaced persons in Turbo, by members of a paramilitary group. OEe Special Rapporteur,
          through an urgent appeal, informed the Government of Colombia that two armed men had
          reportedly killed Otoniel Bautista Mantilla at his home, in the presence of his wife and daughter,
          aifier asking for his identity papers. Ricardo Antonio Goes Restrepo was reportedly killed by two
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
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          men belonging, according to the source, to the same paramilitary group, aifier the funeral wake
          for Otoniel Bautista Mantilla. The two victims were working on the return of displaced persons
          from the Turbo community to their homes in the Caraica river basin, in the department of
          El Choc6. The community of displaced persons have been in Turbo since February 1997, when
          thousands of inhabitants of the department of El Choc6 were forced to flee because of attacks by
          paramilitary groups in the area. The Special Rapporteur expressed her concern at the fact that,
          despite the strong military presence in the area, the displaced persons of Turbo were continuing
          to be threatened and their leaders killed by paramilitary groups, who were reportedly impeding
          the peaceful return of the displaced persons.
          64. On 17 April, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Colombia relating to death threats received by Pablo Javier Arenales, a member of the
          Corporaci6n Regional de Derechos Humanos (CREDHOS) of Barrancabermeja, department of
          Santander. Pablo Javier Arenales had reportedly received several death threats since
          March 1999, when two armed men allegedly tried to kill him. The Special Rapporteur informed
          the Government that on 9 April Pablo Javier Arenales had reportedly received several telephone
          calls during which a man identifying himself as a member of the paramilitary group
          Autodefensas del Magdalena Medio threatened to kill him if he did not leave the region
          within 24 hours.
          65. On 19 June, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of Colombia
          aifier having been informed of death threats received by Rocio Campos, a human rights defender
          working for the Asociaci6n de Familiares de Desaparecidos-Detenidos (ASFADDES).
          According to the information received by the Special Rapporteur, Rocio Campos received
          several telephone calls at his home in Barrancabermeja, department of Santander, during which
          he was made to listen to a recording of gunshots. On other occasions the authors of the calls
          referred, according to the source, to Rocio's brother, Daniel Campos, who was abducted together
          with 30 other persons in Barrancabermeja on 16 May 1998 and whose whereabouts are
          unknown. On 17 July the Special Rapporteur transmitted additional information regarding the
          threats made against Rocio Campos and other members of the ASFADDES organization.
          66. On 31 August 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal concerning the death
          threats reportedly received by M6nica Madero Vergel, Secretary of the Corporaci6n Regional
          para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos (CREDHOS) based in Barrancabermeja, department
          of Santander. According to the information received, M6nica Madero Vergel received several
          telephone calls in which an anonymous caller threatened her with death. It is stated that
          CREDHOS had on several occasions reported the presumed links between members of the army
          and various paramilitary groups. OEe source stated that the threats were directly linked to the
          above-mentioned reports. OEe Special Rapporteur drew the Government's attention to
          information received concerning the existence of a list allegedly distributed by a paramilitary
          group in the department of Santander giving the names of about 500 people, most of them human
          rights defenders, and accusing them of being collaborators or sympathisers with guerrilla forces
          and declaring them to be military targets.
          67. On 26 October 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal concerning
          Nelson Restrepo, Ignacio Arango, Juan Carlos Muffioz, Fredy V&lez and Wilfer Bonilla,
          members of the Instituto Popular de Capacitaci6n de Colombia (IPC), which had reportedly
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
          page 19
          received death threats. According to the source, on 9 October 2000 the IPC offces in Medellin
          had received three telephone calls from persons claiming to be members of the Autodefensas
          Unidas de Colombia (AUC) and stating that the above-mentioned persons had been declared
          military targets”. The source furthermore states that IPC was the target of two attacks in 1999.
          According to the information received, on 28 January 1999 four members of that institution were
          abducted by a paramilitary group, and on 29 August 1999 an explosive device was activated at
          the institution's headquarters.
          Lawyers
          68. On 23 May 2000, the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal, jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on the independence ofjudges and lawyers, concerning the case of the
          human rights lawyer Aliro Uribe Muffioz, who was working for the Jos& Alvear Restrepo law
          ffirm in Bogot and had been included in a list of names prepared by a paramilitary group.
          According to the information received, prior to the appearance of the said list, Mr. Uribe had
          been described as a guerrilla collaborator in a report of the Colombian Intelligence Service. It is
          alleged that Mr. Uribe had been subjected to continued harassment for some time, and the
          Special Rapporteur on the independence ofjudges and lawyers pointed out that he had sent a
          letter previously concerning his situation.
          Political leaders and trade unionists
          69. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 26 January 2000 to the Government of
          Cuba concerning the kidnappings of Hurberney Giraldo and Jos& Evelio Gallo, members of the
          Corriente de Renovaci6n Socialista (CRS) party. According to the information received by the
          Special Rapporteur, Hurberney Giraldo and Jos& Evelio Gallo had been abducted, together with
          two other associates from the same political party, by members of the paramilitary group
          Autodefensas Unidas de C6rdoba y Urab t (ACCU) on 23 January at the La Galleta estate,
          department of Antioquia.
          70. On 4 July 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on the freedom of opinion and expression concerning Roberth Caffiarte
          Montealegre, a trade unionist who had been abducted allegedly by members of the paramilitary
          group Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia. According to the information received by the
          Special Rapporteurs, Roberth Caffiarte Montealegre had been abducted on 29 June 2000 in the
          south west of the Valle del Cauca department, aifier he reportedly received death threats allegedly
          by members of the above-mentioned paramilitary group.
          71. On 9 August 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal, jointly with the Special
          Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression, concerning the alleged harassment of and
          threats against Gerardo Gonz5iez, Secretary for Agrarian and Indigenous Affairs of the Central
          Unitaria de Trabajadores (CUT), President of the Sindicato de Pequeffios Agricultores de
          Cundinamarca (SINPEAGRICUN) and member of the Advisory Council attached to the
          International Labour Organization (ILO). According to the information, on 5 May 2000 a
          pamphlet had been published giving information about a forthcoming paramilitary offensive in
          Bogot and announcing the execution of several persons, including Gerardo Gonz5iez. In
          August 1999, furthermore, his name had reportedly appeared in a list of the Ej&rcito Rebelde
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
          page 20
          Colombiano” where he was threatened with death. In previous years he had reportedly been
          forced to leave the region where he was living because of constant threats against both him and
          his family.
          72. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 4 October 2000 to the Government of
          Colombia aifier being informed that on 19 September 2000 an armed man had reportedly
          attempted to kill Ricardo Herrera, leader of the Sindicato de las Empresas Municipales de Cali
          (SINTRAEMCALI). As a result of this attack, Omar Noguera was reportedly killed. OEe
          source indicates that Ricardo Herrera had received repeated death threats in the past. In this
          context, Alexander L6pez, another leader of the same trade union, had reportedly been obliged
          to leave his place of residence aifier alleged plans to kill him were discovered.
          Peasants
          73. On 10 February 2000, the Special Rapporteur was informed that members of the
          paramilitary group Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) had made an incursion
          on 7 February into San Jos& de It&, department of Antioquia, where they reportedly threatened
          to kill the local population of La Congoja, Campo Bijao and Puerto Nuevo de It&. As a result
          of the operation, some 400 people reportedly leifi the towns. During the AUC attack,
          Gabriel Castaffieda and Jos& Ignacio SIIrez, farmers from the town of San Jos& de It&, were
          reportedly killed. It is also indicated that a son of Jos& Ignacio Su5rez was kidnapped by the
          same paramilitary group and there were fears for his life. The Special Rapporteur informed the
          Government of Colombia through an urgent appeal that, despite the continued reports about the
          danger to the inhabitants of the region and notwithstanding the substantial presence of the
          Colombian armed forces there, the source stated that no steps had been taken to protect the
          towns. In the light of these reports, the Special Rapporteur expressed her fears about the danger
          to the lives of the residents of La Congoja, Campo Bijao and Puerto Nuevo de It&.
          74. On 14 March, the Special Rapporteur expressed her concern to the Government of
          Colombia aifier learning that, in the morning of 5 March, a group of 150 armed men said to be
          members of the Autodefensas Campesinas de C6rdoba y Urab t (ACCU) had reportedly forced
          their way into the settlement of San Luis Beltntn in the municipality of Yond6, department of
          Antioquia. The attackers reportedly took eight people from their homes and led them to the main
          square in the settlement. There, from a list they were holding, they allegedly selected
          seven people to be executed in the presence of their families and neighbours. OEose reportedly
          killed included the peasants Pedro Chac6n, Pastor Chac6n, Juan Evangelista Chac6n,
          Dagoberto M&ndez, Leonel Pedroso Villareal, Oscar Mauricio Pedroso Villareal and Pedro
          Chac6n Albarracin. As they withdrew, the paramilitaries reportedly took away two people. OEe
          Special Rapporteur expressed her concern over the fact that, despite continued reports about the
          danger facing the inhabitants of the region and notwithstanding the substantial presence of the
          Colombian armed forces there, the source affrmed that no steps were taken to protect the
          peasants in the area. In the light of these reports there are fears that the lives and physical
          integrity of the peasants inhabiting the area might still be at risk.
          75. On 15 March, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Colombia aifier being informed that, between 16 and 19 February, 350 men of the paramilitary
          group Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) had reportedly made an incursion into the
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
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          municipalities of Ovejas, in the departments of Sucre and El Salado, Bolivar. OEe paramilitaries
          are said to have passed through several localities, including San Pedro, Canutalito, Canutal,
          Flor del Monte, Bajo Grande, El Cielito, Palmarito and Cienagueta, within the jurisdiction of
          Ovejas, and then reportedly proceeded to the settlement of El Salado. During their passage
          through these localities, the paramilitaries allegedly killed 18 people in the villages of Ovej as
          and 36 in El Salado. The Special Rapporteur was informed that in El Salado the paramilitaries
          had reportedly taken a group of people to a basketball ground where, as they were drinking and
          singing, they allegedly tortured 36 people to death. According to the information received by the
          Special Rapporteur, the victims showed signs of mutilation, including shooting or stabbing, and
          smashing of the skull. The victims reportedly included a six-year old girl who, according to
          eyewitnesses, had been tied to a stake and had her head covered with a plastic bag causing death
          from asphyxia. OEe Special Rapporteur requested the Government of Colombia to take the
          necessary measures to avoid any recurrence of such incidents and reminded the Government of
          its obligations to ensure respect for the right to life.
          76. On 12 April, members of the paramilitary group Autodefensas Unidas de
          Colombia (AUC) reportedly attacked the residents of El Tarra and Tib , municipalities located
          to the north of the province of Santander, on 6 April. It is reported that, as a result of this
          incursion, at least 20 people were killed. The source maintains that the paramilitaries were
          looking for individuals whose names appeared on a list they were holding and were to be
          executed. Despite the continued reports about the danger facing residents in the area and
          notwithstanding the strong presence of the Colombian armed forces there, the source afffirmed
          that no action was taken to prevent these regrettable incidents. In the light of these reports and
          referring to the communication she had sent to the Government of Colombia on 25 August, the
          Special Rapporteur conveyed her deepest concern about the danger to the lives of the inhabitants
          of the region bearing in mind that, despite the strong presence of units of the Colombian armed
          forces in the area, such incidents had allegedly recurred.
          77. On 1 May, the Special Rapporteur jointly with the Representative of the
          Secretary-General on internally displaced persons sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Colombia expressing concern about the events that had occurred between 21 and 26 April, when
          a group of some 400 paramilitaries had reportedly entered the settlement of Cerro Azul, in the
          municipality of San Pablo, in the Magdalena Medio area. OEe paramilitaries reportedly
          withdrew taking with them Maria Estrada, Jesiis Fl6rez Estrada, Orlando Badilla and two other
          peasants. The source stated that the paramilitaries leifi the scene with their captives in a
          helicopter in the direction of San Blas. The Special Rapporteur and the Representative of the
          Secretary-General expressed their concern as to the whereabouts of the above-mentioned
          persons. As a result of the action of this paramilitary group, about 160 peasants were reportedly
          obliged to move to the village of San Juan Alto. OEe Special Rapporteur and the Representative
          of the Secretary-General informed the Government that the paramilitaries were, according to the
          source, preventing food and medicines from being delivered to that area; the displaced peasants
          were therefore still completely unprotected and their lives were at serious risk. The source also
          indicated that the paramilitaries were holding 25 peasants in the hamlet of Cerro Azul, obliging
          them to bring water and cook for them. OEe Special Rapporteur and the Representative of the
          Secretary-General drew the attention of the Government of Colombia to the situation of the
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
          page 22
          people living around Barrancabermejo and particularly Magdalena Medio; these persons,
          according to the information continuing to be received, were being systematically harassed by
          paramilitary groups that were endangering the lives of the inhabitants of the region.
          78. On 11 July 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government
          relating to the deaths of Rigoberto Guzm5n, Elodino Rivera, Diafanor Correa,
          Humberto Sep lved a , Pedro Zapata and Jaime Guzm5n, who had reportedly been executed
          publicly, apparently in a joint operation by the army and paramilitaries. On 8 July 2000,
          about 20 armed and hooded men had reportedly entered La Uni6n, one of the 17 villages of the
          peace community of San Jos& de Apartad6, in the department of Antioquia. According to the
          information, they had gathered the inhabitants in the centre of the village, separating the men
          from the women and children, and had shot those named above. Later, 63 families of La Uni6n
          had been forced to flee because of threats made against them. OEe Special Rapporteur was
          informed that a helicopter apparently belonging to the 17th Brigade had overflown the area
          during the attack. Witnesses reportedly stated that ffive days before, a convoy of at
          least 100 soldiers, thought to have been from the 17th Battalion, had passed through the
          mountains in the direction of San Jos& de Apartad6. According to the source, among the
          soldiers there had been at least two men in military clothing with no insignias. The soldiers were
          reportedly from the Bejaranos Battalion and the Diaz L6pez Counter-Guerrillas Battalion. OEe
          army is said to have denied any such presence in the area. According to the information, during
          the attack on La Uni6n, soldiers, some of them in civilian clothes, had stopped and threatened
          peasants on the road to San Jos& de Apartad6. Two days before the attack, soldiers had
          reportedly referred to the peace community as a guerrilla community”.
          79. On 12 July 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government
          expressing her concern about information received concerning two settlements for displaced
          persons in Medellin. According to the information, on 2 July 2000 a group of heavily armed
          men in civilian clothes reportedly identiffied as members of the Autodefensas Unidas de
          Colombia (AUC) had entered the neighbourhoods of El Pinal and La Cruz, settlements for
          displaced persons in Medellin, and had threatened to kill several inhabitants they considered to
          be guerrillas. OEese threats reportedly coincided with the taking of hostages by the
          paramilitaries in the vicinity of Medellin. On 3 July 2000, a group of youths heading towards
          Piedras Blancas were reportedly stopped by paramilitaries, who allegedly abducted one of them.
          According to information of the same date, about 11 police off cers reportedly entered the
          neighbourhood of La Cruz in the North-Eastern Community of Medellin and harassed residents,
          ffiring shots in the air and saying that there were guerrillas in that place. According to the source,
          these events followed statements allegedly made by the Commander of the Army's Fourth
          Brigade based in Medellin, General Eduardo Herrera Vergel, to the eLect that a protest from the
          displaced persons in late June 2000 had been prompted by FARC. OEe Special Rapporteur
          requested the Government to take all the necessary measures in accordance with the international
          instruments in force to protect the lives of the residents of the above-mentioned communities.
          80. On 14 July 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Colombia aifier having been informed that a group of paramilitaries operating in the region of
          Montes de Maria to the north of the country had announced their intention to renew, apparently
          from 19 July 2000 onwards, their attacks against the civilian population. OEe Special Rapporteur
          had been informed that the threatened communities were those in the sector of La Cansonona, in
        
          
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          Carmen de Bolivar, and in particular the villages of Caracol, San Isidro, Ojito de Venado,
          Mam6n de Maria, L&aro, Guamuanga and La Sierra. OEe Special Rapporteur expressed her
          concern about the above-mentioned threats and requested the Government to take the necessary
          steps to protect the citizens of those communities.
          81. On 19 September 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government
          of Colombia aifier having been informed that, according to information received, the paramilitary
          group Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia-Bloque Calima (AUC) had ordered the return home of
          a group of forcibly displaced persons who were seeking refuge in Tulu %, threatening to take
          action against anyone who did not leave by 15 September 2000. OEe source indicates that the
          municipality of Tulu t had provided buses for the community of displaced persons, but had
          apparently not taken any steps to guarantee their safety, notwithstanding the fact that the armed
          forces and allied paramilitary groups were still treating the displaced persons as sympathizers
          and collaborators with the guerrilla forces.
          82. On 3 August 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Colombia on being informed that there had been various attacks by paramilitary groups,
          from 15 July onwards, resulting in the deaths of the peasants Alberto Ibarra Ibarra, Juan Alonso
          Montoya Ortiz, Adilio de Jesiis Montoya Ruiz, Luciano Ur6n and Willintong de Jesiis Rivera
          Ibarra, a minor, in Carmen de Atrato, department of El Choc6. The source indicates that the
          paramilitaries had moved to the community of San Pablo, in Bolivar, where they had reportedly
          executed Te6ffilo Tones and his young son Dario Tones. It is stated that since this incident the
          paramilitaries had ill-treated and threatened the inhabitants of both towns.
          83. According to the latest information received, the paramilitaries had made an incursion
          on 21 July 2000 into the rural area of the municipality of Santa Rosa, with the result that
          about 150 people had reportedly moved to the urban area of the municipality. It is stated that
          the paramilitaries had set up check points in various parts of the region, preventing the delivery
          of humanitarian aid and endangering the lives of the inhabitants of the region.
          84. On 7 November 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Colombia aifier learning that on 4 November 2000 the paramilitary group Autodefensas Unidas
          de Colombia (AUC) had reportedly made an incursion into the locality of Barrancabermeja,
          department of Santander. As a result of this attack, Osvaldo Buitrago Pradilla and Rodrigo
          Buitrago Pradillo are said to have been abducted and seven people were reportedly killed.
          According to the source, the army, whose New Granada battalion was located in the area, had
          not intervened at the time of the incursion, even though it had lasted approximately two hours.
          The source also claims that since 1998 the Barrancabermeja community has been the target of
          numerous attacks by paramilitary groups, as well as by the guerrillas.
          Indigenous leaders
          85. On 21 February the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal aifier being informed of the
          eviction by law enforcements offcials of members of the U'wa indigenous community at the
          localities of Cedeflo and la China, near the municipalities of Cubant (Boyaca) and Toledo
          (Norte de Santander), as a result of which the minors Nury Bokot?t, Mauricio Diaz and
          Jorge Anicuta had reportedly lost their lives. OEe Special Rapporteur informed the Government
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
          page 24
          of Colombia that since the time of the eviction, Eleonor Herrera, Luz Helena Herrera, Gustavo
          Delgado, Wilson Diaz, Antonio Delgado, Nelson Diaz, Edgar Diaz, Toflo Delgado, Fredy Diaz,
          Alfredo Diaz, Wilson Herrara and another 4 minors aged between 5 and 10 had disappeared. In
          the light of the complaints, the Special Rapporteur warned the Government of Colombia that the
          lives and physical integrity of the aforementioned persons could be at risk. OEe Special
          Rapporteur mentioned the disappeared minors in particular and asked the Government to take
          steps to avoid new deaths occurring.
          (b) Allegations received regarding acts committed by members of the miftary or the
          security forces.
          Minors
          86. On 27 October the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Colombia since, according to information received, paramilitary groups had carried out several
          attacks against groups of peasants travelling from the department of Meta to Villavicencio,
          Ciudad Porfia, San Carlos, El Rodeo and el Milagro. Also according to the source, between 20
          and 23 October 2000 a group of 20 young people, which included Ram6n Aguil Gait5n, Nelson
          Aguil Gait5n, Pedro Pablo, Ram6n Encinosa Diaz, Yineth Alvarado and Ferney N. Rios, had
          been abducted by paramilitary groups in the municipality of Puerto Gait5n, in the central
          department of Meta. According to the source, these young people, aged between 13 and 25, had
          been ill-treated and taken to a nearby farm, El Brasil”, allegedly used as a base and training
          ground by the paramilitary group for purposes of their enlistment in the group's cause.
          Communications sent
          87. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted communications regarding violations of the right
          to life on behalf of the following persons. Some of these persons were also the subject of urgent
          appeals (see above).
          Human rights activists
          88. According to information received, on 19 May 2000, Jesiis Ramiro Zapato Hoyos, a
          human rights activist, was abducted by a group of armed men. According to the source, his
          corpse was found some days later.
          89. According to information received, on 19 May 2000, Elsa Alvarado and Carlos Mario
          Calder6n, human rights activists, were killed by shots ffired by members of a paramilitary group
          at their flat in Bogot5
          90. According to information received, on 6 August 2000, Freddy Gallego, one of the leaders
          of the peace community of San Francisco de Asis, department of Choc6, was abducted by forces
          of the Autodefensus Campesinas de C6rdoba y Uraba (ACCU). According to the source, his
          body was found three days later with torture marks.
        
          
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          91. According to information received, on 1 September 2000, Orlando Moncada, one of the
          leaders of the peasant association of Valle del Rio Cimitarra, was killed in an attack by a
          paramilitary group.
          Tnide unionists
          92. According to information received, Cesar Wilson Cort&s, a militant of the trade union
          Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Industria de Hilados (SINALTRADIHITEXCO) and
          the Confederaci6n de Trabajadores DemocIIticos (CGTD), was abducted on 4 April as he leifi
          his place of work in Enka de Colombia by a group of men belonging, according to the source, to
          a paramilitary group. On 8 April, the corpse of C&sar Wilson Cort&s was allegedly found on a
          path in the municipality of Girardota, Antioquia.
          93. According to information received, Islem Quintero, Secretary-General of the Association
          of Telecommunications Workers, Pereira section, and employee of the national
          telecommunications company (TELECOM), was abducted on 6 April, apparently by members of
          a paramilitary group. Islem Quintero's corpse was apparently found on 7 April in the
          Department of Risaralda.
          94. According to information received, R6mula Gamboa, a member of the trade union
          Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Electricidad de Colombia (SINTRALECOL), Boyaca section,
          was killed in an ambush apparently by members of a paramilitary group.
          95. According to information received, on 17 May 2000, Carmen Emilia Rivas, president of
          the trade union Asociaci6n Nacional de Trabajadores y Clinicas, Cartago section, Valle del
          Cauca, died as she was about to enter the emergency unit of the Sagrado Coraz6n de Jesiis
          hospital. According to information received, Carmen Emilia Rivas died of several
          bullet-wounds. OEe suspected perpetrators are reportedly members of a paramilitary group.
          Peasants
          96. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted communications regarding violations of the right
          to life on behalf of the following persons. Some of these persons were also the subject of urgent
          appeals (see above).
          97. According to information received, on 7 February members of the paramilitary group
          Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) carried out an incursion in San Jos& de It&, department
          of Antioquia, as a result of which Gabriel Castaffieda and Jos& Ignacio Suiarez. farmers of the
          village of San Jos& de It&, were murdered.
          98. According to information received, at 7.30 a.m. on 19 February, about 20 armed and
          uniformed men allegedly came to the peace community of San Jos& de Apartad6. OEere they
          reportedly burst into several premises, killing Jos& Ubaldo Quintero, Edgar Mario Urrego
          Osorio, Luis Eduardo Ciro Arestiz5bal, Alonso Jim&nez and Albeiro Montoya. According to the
          source, several witnesses identiffied 17th Brigade markings on the uniforms of the paramilitaries.
        
          
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          It was also reported that members of the 17th Brigade had been seen at a farm near San Jos& de
          Apartad6 known as La Guantinaja”, in the community of Caracoli, a short while before the
          events.
          99. According to information received, in the early morning of 5 March, a group
          of 150 armed men claiming to be members of the Autodefensas Campesinas de C6rdoba y Uraba
          (ACCU) burst violently into the corregimiento San Luis Beltntn in the municipality of Yond6,
          department of Antioquia, killing Pedro Chac6n, Pastor Chac6n, Juan Evangelista Chac6n,
          Dagoberta M&ndez, Leonel Pedroso Villareal, Oscar Mauricio Pedroso Villareal and
          Pedro Chac6n Albarracin. OEe attackers reportedly took eight persons from their houses,
          including the seven listed above, and took them to the central square of the village. Once there,
          consulting a list, they allegedly selected the seven aforementioned persons and executed them in
          front of their relatives and neighbours.
          100. According to information received, on 24 March 2000, Antonio Hinestroza died as a
          result of an attack assumed to have been conducted by members of a paramilitary group in
          Uber Quintero.
          101. Alleged murder of 17 persons in El Tarra and Tib , Norte de Santander. It was reported
          that on 6 April 2000, paramilitaries went searching for persons they had listed and executed
          them. As a result of that operation, Ram6n Maria S tnchez S5nchez, C&sar Fernando Contreras,
          Victor Manuel Peffia Remolina, Fabio S tnchez Barrera, Jos& Martin Niflo Rodriguez,
          Jos& Laguado Contreras, Ovidio G6mez Garcia, Pablo Antonio Yepes Santiago, Jesiis Martin
          Urbina Jaimes, Nelson Carrascal Ascanio, Jos& Hilario Santana S5nchez, Luis Ram6n Beleflo,
          Eliodoro SIIrez, Luis Omar L6pez Parada, Fredy Sep lveda DuIIn, Evangelista Fl6rez DuIIn
          and H&ctor Julio Casadiego reportedly lost their lives.
          102. According to information received, on 10 June 2000, Bernardo Roldan was killed in an
          attack by the paramilitary group Autodefensas Campesinas de C6rdoba y Uraba (ACCU).
          103. According to information received, on 16 July 2000, Jos& Mosquera was abducted by a
          group of paramilitaries. According to the source, his corpse was found two days later in the
          Atrato river.
          104. According to information received, on 26 July 2000, Antonio Mosquera was killed in an
          attack by a group of paramilitaries against the boat in which he was travelling on the river
          Atrato.
          105. According to information received, on 16 September 2000, Aquilino Jarupia Bailarin and
          Antonio Domico were abducted by members of the paramilitary group Autodefensas Unidas de
          Colombia (AUC) in the Embera Katio reservation of Alto SiII, department of C6rdoba.
          106. According to information received, on 16 September 2000, Miguel Bailarin was abducted
          by four armed men in the municipality of Tierralta, department of C6rdoba. According to the
          source, his corpse was found on 17 September 2000.
        
          
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          Minors
          107. According to information received, on 15 August 2000, Paula Andrea Arboleda,
          Harold Giovanni Tabares, Alejandro Arboleda, Marcela S5nchez, David Ramirez and
          Gustavo Isaza Carmona, all minors, were killed as they were walking with 24 other pupils and
          teachers of the Veredal school. OEe above-mentioned minors were allegedly killed in an attack
          carried out, according to the source, by counter-guerrilla troops of the Nutibara infantry batallion
          and the 4th Brigade operating in the area.
          Follow-up
          108. The Special Rapporteur transmitted to the Government of Colombia communications
          concerning previous allegations of violations of the right to life to which she had not received a
          reply or cases in which the replies did not contain enough information in order to close the case.
          In this connection the Special Rapporteur asked the Government of Colombia to provide her
          with information regarding any developments concerning the cases of the following individuals
          who lost their lives in 1997, 1998 and 1999: Marino USpez, Francisco Tabarquino,
          Euclides Cuesta, Francisco Romaffia, Jos& Henry Hinestroza, Nicomedes Renteria,
          Oscar Valderrama, Alfonso Valderrama, Edilberto Areiza, Ricaurte Monroy, Luis Albeiro
          Avendaflo, Ananias Guisao, Florentino Guisao, Milton David, Angel Montoya, Herminio
          Palomeque Mosquera, Jos& Osorio Montoya, Ramiro Mena, Climaco Serpa, John Jairo
          Tordecillas, Luz Stella Oquendo, Leyson Arturo Franco, Jorge Ivan Franco, Rafael Antonio
          Milffioz, Jesiis Arias, Jorge Correa, Florebirto Hurtado, Gilberto Arango and Emilio Zapata.
          Communications received
          109. This section includes replies received from the Government to urgent appeals and to
          complaints of violations of the right to life transmitted by the Special Rapporteur during the
          period under review. In its communications the Government informed the Special Rapporteur
          that the Administrative Department for National Security (DAS) was investigating all allegations
          of death threats.
          110. On 18 January 2000, the Government of Colombia sent a communication to the
          Special Rapporteur concerning the alleged murder of Mr. Fabio de Jesiis G6mez Gil
          on 21 December 1995 in the city of Medellin and the subsequent disappearance of his sons
          Juan Carlos and Fabio Eduardo G6mez Mango. OEe Government of Colombia informed the
          Special Rapporteur that the Offce of the Attorney-General had reported that the only witnesses
          to the said murder were his wife and daughter, who had refused to collaborate with the
          investigation. With regard to the disappearances of Juan Carlos and Fabio Eduardo
          G6mez Mango, the Government of Colombia said that they had been included in the national
          register of disappeared persons and that checks had been made of various corpses found in
          the department of Antioquia, so far without any positive results. On 11 September 2000,
          the Government of Colombia supplied the Special Rapporteur with additional information to
          that sent on 18 January 2000. OEe Government of Colombia stated that according to the
          information provided by the Human Rights Unit of the Offce of the Attorney-General, as part
          of the investigation into the disappearance of the G6mez Mango brothers, charges had
          been brought against Captain Oscar Orlando Merch5n, Sergeant Jorga Roa Cartagena and
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
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          Agent Emiliano Mahecha Fajardo, police offcials of the Gaula in Medellin, for the oLence of
          simple abduction. OEe accused had ffiled an application for conflicting jurisdictions with the
          Military Criminal Court whereupon the Third Criminal Judge of the Special Circuit of Medellin
          had forwarded the application to the High Council of the Judicature, where it was currently being
          processed. In the light of this development, the Government stated that the investigation had
          been suspended until the issue ofjurisdiction had been resolved.
          111. The Government of Colombia informed the Special Rapporteur on 19 January 2000
          about the disappearance of Jorge Alirio Salazar and the death of Jaime de Jesiis Puerta
          Bohorquez, Alfonso de Jesiis Zulueta Arango and Francisco Castrill6n on 17 June 1996 in the
          municipality of San Roque, Antioquia. OEe Government of Colombia stated that the preliminary
          investigation had been suspended by order of 13 June 1998.
          112. On 19 January 2000, the Government of Colombia wrote to the Special Rapporteur
          concerning the alleged murders of Alejandro Melchor Suarez and Gildardo Tapasco
          on 6 April 1999 in the municipality of Riosucio, Caldas, apparently at the hands of the
          Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC). It stated that the investigation was being conducted
          by the OEird Prosecutor's Offce attached to the Criminal Court of the Manizales Special Circuit.
          According to the Government, at the time of the communication the perpetrators had not been
          identiffied.
          113. By letter dated 20 January 2000, the Government of Colombia provided information
          about the alleged murders of Gerardo Estrada Yampuezan, Marco Antonia Nasner and
          Alfredo Basante on 8 November 1996 in the municipality of OEquerres, department of Nariflo.
          The Offce of the Attorney-General reported that the investigation into the matter was at the
          stage of pre-trial proceedings, that two persons found to be involved had been placed in pre-trial
          detention, but that they were also being held on behalf of another authority.
          114. On 26 July 2000, the Government of Colombia sent the Special Rapporteur additional
          information concerning the alleged disappearance of Gilberto Bautista on 20 January 1993. OEe
          Government stated that the investigation had been shelved on 18 August 1993, since no
          probative evidence had been found to open a disciplinary inquiry against members of the State
          security forces.
          115. On 19 January 2000, the Government of Colombia sent the Special Rapporteur
          information concerning the alleged disappearances of Jorge Alirio Salazar, Jaime de Jesiis
          Puerta Bohorquez, Alfonso de Jesiis Zuleta Arango and Franciso Castrill6n. OEe Government
          stated that the proceedings undertaken for the disappearance of Mr. Salazar had been merged
          with those relating to the deaths of Messrs. Puerta, Zuleta and Castrill6n, since they concerned
          the same events of 17 June 1996 in the municipality of San Roque, Antioquia.
          116. The Government of Colombia informed the Special Rapporteur on 20 January 2000 that
          an investigation had been opened into alleged threats received by members of the Corporaci6n
          Regional para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos (CREDHOS) in Barrancabermeja.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
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          117. On 20 January 2000, the Government of Colombia informed the Special Rapporteur that
          an investigation had been opened by the Prosecutor's Offce attached to the Criminal Court of
          the Valledupar Special Circuit into the alleged abduction and subsequent murder of Luis Peroza
          and Numael Vergel.
          118. By letter dated 20 January 2000, the Government of Colombia informed the Special
          Rapporteur of the alleged murders on 8 November 1996 of Gerardo Estrada Yampuezan,
          Marco Antonio Nasner and Alfredo Bastante in the municipality of Tiiquerres, department of
          Nariflo. According to the Colombian Government, the investigation into the matter was at the
          stage of pre-trial proceedings; two persons had been found to be involved and had been placed in
          pre-trial detention; they were also being held on behalf of another authority.
          119. On 21 January 2000, the Government of Colombia informed the Special Rapporteur
          that, regarding the alleged murder of the indigenous leader Lucindo Dominic6 Juripa
          on 24 April 1999, the investigation into the case was at the preliminary stage and no positive
          results had been obtained concerning the perpetrators or instigators. OEe Government stated that
          an investigating unit had been assigned to visit the area where some members of the Embera
          Katio community were located in order to investigate the events.
          120. By letter dated 25 January 2000, the Government of Colombia sent the Special
          Rapporteur information concerning the alleged murder of Hern5n Henao Delgado, a professor at
          the Institute of Regional Studies of the University of Antioquia(INER), on 4 May 1999.
          According to the Government of Colombia, the Area 171 Public Prosecutor's Off cc, Medellin
          Rapid Reaction Unit, had ordered an investigation. Up to the time of the communication, it had
          been ascertained only that two men and a woman had apparently entered the INER premises and
          murdered Hern5n Henao Delgado.
          121. On 8 March, the Government of Colombia sent information about the case of the alleged
          murder of Isidro Segundo Gil, Secretary-General of the Carepa section of the Sindicato Nacional
          de Trabajadores de la Industria de Alimentos (SITNATRAL), on 4 December 1996. According to
          the Government of Colombia, the arrest of three persons had been ordered in connection with the
          events. The Government informed the Special Rapporteur that it would continue to follow the
          investigations with close attention.
          122. On 8 March 2000, the Government of Colombia sent the Special Rapporteur information
          concerning the murders of Silfredy Arboleda and his son Freddy Francisco Arboleda
          on 15 April 1995 in Aguaclara, 10 kilometres away from the municipality of Turnaco, Nariflo.
          According to the Colombian Government, on 9 July 1999 charges were brought against
          Eduardo Aristides Alvarez, Javier Fernando Guerra Urango, Jos& Milton Caidedo Gonz5iez and
          Jos& Ancizar Molano Padilla, for the oLences of aggravated homicide and infringement of
          decree No. 1194.89.
          123. The Government of Colombia, by letter dated 8 March 2000, stated that, in the case of
          the murders of Jairo de Jesiis Sep lveda, Graciela Arboleda, William de Jesiis Villa Garcia and
          H&ctor Hern5n Correa Garcia, pre-trial detention had been ordered on 14 December 1999 against
          two persons on charges of aggravated homicide. On 8 March 2000, the Government of
        
          
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          page 30
          Colombia also stated that charges had been brought against four persons for the aggravated
          homicide of Silfredy Arboleda and his son Freddy Francisco Arboleda, on 15 April 1995 in
          Aguaclara, Nariflo.
          124. On 15 March 2000, the Government of Colombia sent the Special Rapporteur additional
          information regarding the danger facing some students of Antioquia University. According to
          the Government, a pre-trial investigation had been ordered on 29 October 1999 and a warrant
          had been issued for the arrest of Carlos Castaflo Gil for the death of student Marulanda and for
          threats made against the students and offcials of Antioquia University. The Ministry of the
          Interior was also providing protection to the threatened persons, oLering humanitarian assistance
          to Maria Elena Piedrahita and her four children and facilitating her exit from the country and
          continuing with procedures for the exit of Guillermo Montoya.
          125. On 19 April 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur about
          the armed invasions which had occurred on 16 and 19 February 2000 in the municipalities of
          Ovejas, department of Sucre, and El Salado, department of Bolivar. OEe Government said that
          armed persons believed to belong to the Autodefensas de C6rdoba had carried out the invasion.
          Procedures conducted to date comprised the removal of the bodies, gathering of statements from
          witnesses, identity parades, and a judicial inspection with technical expertise in respect of
          weapons, munitions, uniforms, documents and other confiscated items. The Government stated
          that, on 23 February, pre-trial proceedings had been instituted, as by that time 15 people had
          been arrested, subjected to preliminary inquiries and, as a custodial measure, placed in
          preventive detention, as co-perpetrators of the crime of murder for terrorist purposes.
          126. On 29 May 2000, the Colombian Government sent a communication to the Special
          Rapporteur about the perilous situation of the lawyer Alirio Uribe Milffioz, a member of the law
          ffirm Jos& Alvear Restrepo of Bogot t. OEe Government said that the circumstances of the case
          had been communicated to the competent authorities and that measures had been taken to protect
          his life. To date no information has been received regarding the adoption of any speciffic
          measures.
          127. On 30 May 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur about the
          alleged murder of Jos& Ubaldo Quinero, Edgar Mario Urrego Osoria, Luis Eduardo Ciro
          Aristiz5bal, Alonso Jim&nez and Albeiro Montoya on 19 February 2000 in the village of
          San Jos& de Apartado. The Government said that on 21 February a preliminary investigation and
          the collection of evidence had been ordered. On 6 March, the competent prosecutor also ordered
          the collection of evidence and sent an instruction to the Technical Investigatory Corps of the
          Human Rights Unit and a request to the Special Prosecutor in Apartado for the conduct of these
          actions.
          128. On 31 May 2000, the Colombian Government sent a communication to the Special
          Rapporteur regarding the death, at the hands of a paramilitary group, of Otoniel Bautista
          Mantilla and Ricardo Goes Restrepo, members of the group of displaced persons from Turbo
          travelling back to Cuenca del Cacarica. The Government said that investigations into their death
          had been launched by the local prosecutor's offce of Turbo, Antioquia (the investigations were
          registered under numbers 5178 and 5188, respectively). In addition, with regard to the public
          protection agreements, the Red de Solidaridad Social said that coordination and institutional
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
          page 31
          management activities had been carried out in the framework of the joint commission set up to
          verify the consultation process for the return of the communities of Cacarica and that these
          activities were in compliance with the commitments given by the national Government. The
          Government also said that, working in coordination with the Public Prosecutor's Offce, it had
          established ajustice centre for Cacarica, as an additional protection measure. Finally, the
          Human Rights Advisory Offce in the Offce of the Procurator-General had launched a
          preliminary investigation with a view to gathering evidence regarding the incidents perpetrated
          against the displaced community of Cuenca del Cacarica.
          129. On 6 June 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur about the
          perilous situation in which Pablo Javier Arenales, member of the Corporaci6n Regional de
          Derechos Humanos (CREDHOS) of Barrancabermeja, found himself, having allegedly received
          various death threats. OEe Government stated further that the Administrative Department for
          National Security (DAS) had indicated that Mr. Arenales had not requested an armed escort
          since, under the agreements with non-governmental organizations, human rights activists could
          not be accompanied by armed persons. Accordingly, the Ministry of the Interior had assigned to
          CREDHOS the necessary resources to protect the institution in the context of the programme
          being implemented in Colombia. On 14 July 2000, the Colombian Government sent the Special
          Rapporteur further information on the situation, stating that the investigation was at a
          preliminary stage, with the taking of evidence, in consequence of which no suspects had as yet
          been identiffied.
          130. On 9 June 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur about the
          alleged armed invasion of the municipalities of El Tarra and Tib by a paramilitary group
          on 6 April 2000. On 21 July 2000, the Government sent further information to the Special
          Rapporteur regarding the status of investigations under way in the National Human Rights Unit
          of the Attorney-General's Off cc, noting that a number of inter-agency and judicial investigation
          commissions had been deployed to the area, with logistic support from the Offce of the
          Vice-President.
          131. On 22 June 2000, the Colombian Government sent a communication to the Special
          Rapporteur regarding the alleged abduction and subsequent murder of Cesar Wilson Cort&s.
          132. On 12 July 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur about the
          deaths of Pedro Chac6n, Pastor Chac6n, Juan Evangelista Chac6n, Dagoberto M&ndez,
          Leonel Pedroso Villareal, Oscar Mauricio Pedroso and Pedro Chac6n Albarracin. OEe
          Government said that an investigation into the murders had been launched on 31 March by the
          Puerto Berrio local prosecutor's offce and the case had been referred on 31 March to the
          Medellin Prosecutor's Offfice. By its letter of 7 August 2000, the Government transmitted
          additional information to the Special Rapporteur informing her that, in accordance with
          information provided by the Procurator-General's OLice, as contained in the ffiles of the OLice,
          it had been established that there was no evidence of the participation of any government
          offcials in this case.
        
          
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          133. On 12 July 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur of the
          deaths of R6mulo Gamboa Carvajal and C&sar Wilson Cort&s. OEe Government stated that, by
          its decision of 25 June 2000, an investigation had been launched to identify those responsible for
          the murder.
          134. On 13 July 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur about the
          situation of Pablo Javier Arenales, a member of CREDHOS in Barrancabermeja, regarding
          the alleged death threats and the offce of criminal constraint which had been reported
          on 19 October 1999. OEe Government stated that the investigation was at a preliminary stage,
          the taking of evidence, and as a result no suspect had yet been identiffied nor had any arrest
          warrant been issued.
          135. On 19 July 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur about the
          alleged death threats against Rocio Campos, a member of ASFADES, and about the death of
          Elizabeth Caffias Cano. With regard to the death of Ms. Caffias, the Government said that copies
          of the case-ffile had been passed to the relevant authorities. By its letter of 11 September 2000,
          the Government transmitted additional information to the Special Rapporteur about the case,
          informing her that investigations had been launched and that it had ordered the taking of
          evidence. With regard to the death threats received by Rocio Campos, the Government said that
          the relevant authorities had been apprised of the circumstances of this case, but did not know
          whether any speciffic steps had yet been taken. On 9 August 2000, the Colombian Government
          sent further information to the Special Rapporteur, informing her that, on 29 July 2000, it had
          been agreed to provide Rocio Campos and his son with tickets to enable them to leave the danger
          area and also to provide them humanitarian assistance and means of communication, measures
          which, according to the coordinator of the witness and threatened persons protection programme
          of the Ministry of the Interior, had already been carried out.
          136. On 21 July 2000, the Colombian Government sent a communication to the Special
          Rapporteur regarding the alleged abduction and subsequent murder of Islem de Jesiis Quintero.
          The Government said that, on 6 April 2000, the Technical Investigatory Corps had completed the
          task of removing the body of Islem de Jesiis Quintero. According to the autopsy report, the
          cause of death was homicide. OEe investigation team had launched the necessary inquiry and the
          matter was currently at the preliminary investigation stage, with no known suspect, and
          registered under No. 42464.
          137. On 9 August 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur about
          the abduction of the trade unionist Roberto Caffiate Montealegre on 29 June 2000 on the road
          between the corregimientos La Playa and Galicia, in the vicinity of Zarzal municipality, while he
          was travelling in a refuse collection truck, which was abandoned together with its driver. The
          Government said that, according to trade-union sources, the presumed perpetrators of the
          abduction could be members of the so-called Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC), who
          were wearing uniforms exclusively used by the armed forces and travelling in two trucks.
          138. On 7 September 2000, the Colombian Government sent a communication to the Special
          Rapporteur regarding the deaths of Rigoberto Guzm5n, Elodino Rivera, Diafanor Correa,
          Humberto Sep lved a , Pedro Zapata and Jaime Guzm5n. The Government said that once it had
          learnt of the incidents it had deployed a team from the Technical Investigatory Corps to the area
        
          
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          to inspect the bodies and to ascertain what had happened. On 9 July, a preliminary investigation
          was opened and the order given for the taking of evidence. By its letter of 2 November 2000, the
          Government transmitted additional information to the Special Rapporteur regarding this case,
          informing her that, by an order of 2 August 2000, a pre-trial inquiry had been opened, and was
          currently at the stage of the collection of evidence.
          139. On 15 September 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur
          about the deaths of Alberto Ibarra, Juan Alonso Montoya, Adilio de Jesiis Montoya Ruiz,
          Luciano UIIn and the minor Willintong de Jesiis Rivera. The Government said that, in
          accordance with statements by witnesses, a group of heavily armed men had burst into the
          houses and chosen the victims from a list they had with them. On 31 July, the investigation into
          this case was referred to the First Prosecutor's Offce of the Quibd6 Unit on Crimes against Life
          and Security of Person and on 1 August the order given for the preliminary investigation to begin
          and for the necessary fact-ffinding work to be carried out.
          140. On 15 September 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur
          about the alleged disappearances of Maria Estrada, Jesiis Flores Estrada, Orlando Babilla and
          two other farmers on dates between 21 and 26 April 2000 in the corregimiento of Cerro Azul in
          San Pablo municipality. OEe Government said that, aifier the case brought to the attention of the
          relevant authorities, the national police had stated that investigations had been launched by the
          Magdalena Medio special team had established that there was no knowledge of any incursions
          by armed groups into the corregimiento of Cerro Azul in April 2000 and that Mr. Estrada,
          Mr. Fl6rez and Mr. Badilla were unknown to the inhabitants of Cerro Azul.
          141. On 14 November, the Colombian Government submitted additional information to the
          Special Rapporteur concerning the alleged disappearance of Uberney Giraldo and Jos& Evelio
          Gallo. The Government said that the investigation was at the preliminary inquiry and suspect
          identiffication stage.
          142. By its letter of 26 September 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special
          Rapporteur about the alleged threats and harassment to which Gerardo Gonz5iez and his family
          had been subjected. OEe Government said that copies of the letter had been sent to the relevant
          authorities. To date there has been no further information about any speciffic steps taken.
          143. On 23 October 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur about
          incidents which had taken place in the neighbourhoods of El Pinal and La Gruz in the city of
          Medellin, occupied by displaced persons, on 2 and 3 July 2000. According to the Government,
          the Attorney-General had stated that no investigation had been launched into the said incidents.
          As a result, an informal fact-ffinding investigation had been initiated under case No. 371516 of
          the Prosecutor's Offce at the Criminal Court of the Medellin and Antioquia Special Circuit.
          144. On 26 October 2000, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur about
          alleged death threats received by Nelson Restrepo, Ignacio Arango, Juan Carlos Milffioz,
          Fredy V&lez and Wilfer Bonilla, members of the Instituto Popular de Capacitaci6n de Colombia
          (IPC). OEe Government said that a copy of the communication had been passed on to the
          relevant authorities. OEere is no information of any speciffic measures taken thus far.
        
          
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          145. On 14 November, the Colombian Government informed the Special Rapporteur about the
          alleged disappearance of Osvaldo and Rodrigo Buitrago Pradilla in the city of Barrancabermej a.
          The Government said that the circumstances of the case had been communicated to the relevant
          authorities.
          146. On 14 November, the Government sent a communication to the Special Rapporteur
          regarding the abduction of Robinson Taborda Tuberquia, William Garcia, Rodrigo
          Antionio Echevarria and Gabriel Angel Muffioz on 5 September 2000 in the communities of
          Caffi6n de Riosucio. OEe Government said that the Prosecutors' Offfice at the Special Court of
          Medellin had launched an investigation into these cases and that it was expected that the Ituango
          local prosecutor's offce would be entrusted with the task of questioning the families of the
          victims.
          147. On 15 November, the Colombian Government sent a communication to the Special
          Rapporteur regarding the alleged disappearance of Edgar Antonio Durango, Luis Pineda,
          Mois&s Quiroz and Rub&n Dario Sep lveda. OEe Government said that the task of examining the
          bodies of Henra Rodriguez Rivera, Mois&s Quiroz and Miguel Guerra Yaffiez, members of the
          group of six people forcibly abducted from the neighbourhood of El Pinal, had been concluded.
          In addition, on 4 May 1998, the task of removing the bodies of Edgar Antonio Durango and
          Luis Pineda had been concluded. In accordance with procedural records, the bodies of the
          victims had been returned to their families. OEe Government stated further that the whereabouts
          of Rub&n Dario Sep lveda remained unknown.
          148. On 17 November 2000, the Government informed the Special Rapporteur that, in
          connection with the abduction between 20 and 23 October 2000 of Ram6n Aguil Gait5n,
          Nelson Aguil Gait5n, Pedro Pablo, Ram6n Encinosa Diaz, Yineth Alvardo and Ferney N. Rios,
          a protest had been submitted to the Disciplinary Division for the Protection of Human Rights.
          149. By its letter of 31 May 2000, the Government replied to the request from the Special
          Rapporteur for additional information on various cases. It informed the Special Rapporteur that
          it was closely monitoring the results of the investigations which the various Colombian
          authorities had launched into these cases as well as the measures which had been adopted in each
          instance, of which it would apprise the Special Rapporteur in due course.
          Observations
          150. The Special Rapporteur is grateful to the Government of Colombia for its numerous
          prompt replies to her communications. However the Special Rapporteur is extremly concerned
          by the little progress achieved to put an end to the prolonged conflict. In particular the Special
          Rapporteur is concerned by reports which continue implicating the armed forces and
          paramilitary groups in serious human rights violations.
        
          
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          Congo
          Communications sent
          151. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation jointly with the Special Rapporteur on
          torture to the Government of the Republic of Congo concerning 12 individuals who reportedly
          died while in police custody in Pointe Noire.
          C6te d'Ivoire
          Urgent appeals
          152. The Special Rapporteur transmitted on 1 November 2000 a joint urgent appeal with the
          Special Rapporteur on torture concerning 28 soldiers who had reportedly been arrested following
          an attack on the private residence of General Robert Guei. It was reported that some of the
          detainees had suLered from torture and that one of them died as a result of several beatings while
          in police custody.
          Allegations
          153. The Special Rapporteur transmitted three allegations to the Government of C6te d'Ivoire
          during the period under review concerning the following cases:
          (a) On behalf of Lago Z. Raymond, who was allegedly shot dead by soldiers in
          Abidjan on 14 April 2000;
          (b) On behalf of two unidentiffied individuals who had been beaten to death, allegedly
          by soldiers, on 15 February 2000 at Selmer market in Abidjan.
          154. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation to the Government that 55 bodies had
          been found in a mass grave in an industrial area near Abidjan on 27 October 2000. The Special
          Rapporteur urged the Government to open an investigation and to provide her with the results.
          Communications received
          155. On 10 October 2000 and 7 November 2000 the Government of C6te d'Ivoire informed
          the Special Rapporteur that the allegations had been transmitted to the authorities and that the
          new Government was favourable to the establishment of a commission of inquiry concerning the
          allegations received.
          Observations
          156. On 23 November 2000 the Special Rapporteur transmitted a letter to the Government of
          C6te d'Ivoire requesting an invitation to visit the country.
        
          
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          Cuba
          Urgent appeals
          157. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on 17 May 2000 concerning the
          case of Jorge Luis Rodriguez Mir who was sentenced to death for the murder of a policeman
          on 6 November 1999.
          Communications sent
          158. According to information received, on 22 December 1999 Jos& Antonio Villacencio
          Milan&s died as a result of blows inflicted by a group of offcers in the police investigation unit
          in the capital of Las Tunas. Mr. Villacencio Milan&s remained in intensive care in the hospital
          until his death from fractures of the skull and concomitant haematomas.
          159. According to information received, on 8 February Liv5n Gonz5iez Larrude died in the
          intensive care unit of the Hermanos Almeijeiras Hospital as a result of blows inflicted, the source
          reports, by a group of police oLicers on leaving the Barrio Sur discoth que in La Palma,
          Arroyo Naranjo. It is reported that on 7 February Liv5n Gonz5iez Larrude was beaten by four
          offcers in an alley by the discoth que and leifi unconscious on the ground. OEe source reports
          that Mr. Gonz5iez Larrude was taken to the Julio Trigo Hospital, where the doctor who saw him
          allegedly claimed that he was inebriated and refused to treat him. However, the source maintains
          that the victim's injuries were diagnosed as serious at the Miguel Enriquez Hospital, where an
          emergency operation was performed seven hours aifier the incident occurred. According to the
          report, Liv5n Gonz5iez Larrude died on 8 February as a result of the blows he received.
          160. The Special Rapporteur sent an allegation jointly with the Special Rapporteur on torture
          regarding the case of Juan Carlos Carrillo Martinez, 24 years old, who is reported to have died
          on 3 February 2000 while in police custody.
          Communications received
          161. The Government of Cuba transmitted a reply on 26 May 2000 to the Special Rapporteur
          concerning the case of Juan Carlos Carrillo Martinez. OEe Government stated that the cause of
          the latter's death was bronchial pneumonia, as the death certifficate, which the Government
          claims is based on the results of the autopsy conducted on 4 February 2000, clearly stated. The
          Government reports that the autopsy revealed no external signs of violence of a surgical or other
          nature, and that an internal examination showed that both lungs were larger than normal and
          ffilled with bloody, purulent fluid, which corroborates, according to the Government, the clinical
          and radiological diagnosis of bronchial pneumonia of unspeciffied origin. The Government
          reports that the military prosecutor's offce in Col6n, Matanzas Province, was aware of the
          incident and conducted an appropriate investigation. According to the Government's
          information, Juan Carlos Carrillo Martinez had reported to the prison clinic on 31 January 2000
          with frequent diarrhoea, with mucus and blood, and a lack of appetite. During a physical
          examination he experienced only slight pain when his epigastrium was palpated; no other
          symptoms were present, and he was treated with oral rehydration salts and metronidazole. The
          Government states that Juan Carlos Carrillo Martinez subsequently reported back to the clinic
        
          
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          complaining of lethargy, muscular weakness and lack of appetite, whereupon it was decided to
          admit him for observation and treatment. On 2 February he was transferred to Col6n Municipal
          Hospital, where it was determined that he suffered from acute pneumonia, and he was given
          appropriate medical treatment. OEe patient died at 11.30 p.m. on 3 February 2000. As a result of
          the investigation, the military prosecutor's off cc in Col6n concluded that there had been no
          criminal acts associated with the death of Juan Carlos Carrillo Martinez. According to the
          Government, no complaints were ffiled in the matter. At the request of the Ministry of Foreign
          Affairs, the Offce of the Attorney-General conducted an investigation of the incident which
          confirmed the results of the investigation conducted by the military prosecutor's offce in Col6n.
          The Government maintains that the investigation included interviews with the cell-mates of
          Juan Carlos Carrillo Martinez. OEe Government further maintains that all those interviewed
          agreed that neither the corrections offcers nor the other prisoners beat Juan Carlos Carrillo
          Martinez at any time.
          162. On 7 September 2000 the Cuban Government transmitted information regarding the case
          of Liv5n Gonz5iez Larrude. In its reply, the Government states that Liv5n Gonz5iez Larrude was
          arrested on 6 February 2000 for disturbing the peace while intoxicated. The Government reports
          that Liv5n Gonz5iez Larrude had escaped from the police onto a roof from which he fell to the
          ground without any intervention on the part of the police. OEe Government states that these
          events were conffirmed by members of the provincial police and by the military prosecutor's
          offce. According to the Government, some 14 witnesses corroborated these events, and the
          experts who conducted the autopsy concluded that death was violent and its causes were
          consistent with the information provided about the fall from the roof OEe Government states
          that on 9 February 2000 a complaint was ffiled with police station No. 22 in Arrollo Naranjo, and
          that Liv5n Gonz5iez Larrude was found in the street in a weakened state and subsequently taken
          by the police to the Julhtn Grimau Clinic, where he was treated by the doctor on duty, who
          personally took him in an ambulance to the emergency room of the Julio Trigo Hospital. Some
          hours later, Mr. Gonz5iez Larrude was transferred to the Miguel Enriquez Hospital, when it was
          determined that his head required surgical attention. Because the patient's post-operative
          condition was diagnosed as serious, he was taken to the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, which
          the Government says is one of the country's best hospitals and has the most modern equipment.
          It was in this hospital that Liv5n Gonz5iez Larrude died.
          163. On 8 September 2000 the Cuban Government sent a reply to the Special Rapporteur
          concerning the case of Jorge Luis Rodriguez Mir. According to this communication,
          Mr. Rodriguez Mir was sentenced to death aifier enjoying all procedural guarantees and
          safeguards deriving from the exceptional nature and seriousness of this penalty. OEe
          Government maintains that the death penalty has never been imposed on a mentally retarded
          person. OEe Government maintains that Jorge Luis Rodriguez Mir ffiled an appeal, which was
          rejected, thereby upholding in its entirety the original court sentence which imposed the death
          penalty.
        
          
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          Democratic Republic of the Congo
          Urgent appeals
          164. On 11 February 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government
          of the Democratic Republic of the Congo expressing her deep concern over reports
          that 20 members of the military had been executed in the country despite the announcement of a
          moratorium on 27 January 2000 by the Government.
          Communications sent
          165. The Special Rapporteur transmitted three allegations of violations of the right to life
          concerning the following cases.
          166. According to the information received 12 women were reportedly buried alive in
          October/November 1999 in Bulinzi, Nwenga, allegedly accused of witchcraifi and collaboration
          with the Mai-Mai movement.
          167. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation concerning the case of Zakule Paeute, a
          teacher at a primary school in Bondo who was shot dead, allegedly by members of the armed
          forces.
          168. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation concerning 30 unidentiffied civilians
          who reportedly died in Goma as a result of a bombing attack allegedly carried out by the armed
          forces.
          Communications received
          169. The Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the ffinalization of this report the
          Government had not transmitted any reply to her communications.
          Dominican Republic
          Communications sent
          170. The Special Rapporteur sent an allegation to the Government of the Dominican Republic
          aifier receiving information concerning the death of six Haitian citizens. According to this
          information, on 17 August 2000, six Haitian citizens and one citizen of the Dominican Republic
          lost their lives while trying to enter the Dominican Republic. According to the report, the six
          Haitians were shot to death by members of the Department of Border Investigations of the
          Dominican armed forces.
          Communications received
          171. The Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the ffinalization of this report the
          Government had not transmitted any reply to her communications.
        
          
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          Ecuador
          Urgent appeals
          172. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on 12 May 2000 jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on torture on behalf of Julio Edison Rom5n Milffioz, who had reportedly been
          beaten by the police while being transferred to a prison. It was reported that he was asked to
          give money to the police offcers in order to have the accusations against him withdrawn. It was
          further reported that he was released and that since then he has received death threats, allegedly
          from the above-mentioned members of the police.
          Communications received
          173. The Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the ffinalization of this report the
          Government had not transmitted any reply to her communications.
          Egypt
          Urgent appeals
          174. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on 18 April 2000 on behalf of
          Sha'ban Ali Abd al-Ghani who had been sentenced to death for his alleged participation in the
          activities of an armed Islamist group. It was reported that Sha'ban Ali Abd al-Ghani had no
          right of appeal against his sentence which was announced by the court on 13 April, and that his
          execution could only be stopped by presidential pardon. According to the information received
          by the Special Rapporteur, there is no right of appeal against Emergency Supreme State Security
          Court sentences, in contradiction to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to
          which Egypt is a party.
          El Salvador
          Urgent appeals
          175. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal to the Government of El Salvador
          on 3 December 2000 expressing her outrage at continued reports of killings of gay men and
          transvestites in El Salvador. OEe Special Rapporteur was informed that a transvestite known as
          Walter/Walquiria” was shot and killed in the early hours of 19 November 2000 in San Salvador.
          A young man who was with him, Orlando S5nchez, was wounded in the incident and is currently
          recovering in hospital.
          Communications received
          176. The Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the ffinalization of this report the
          Government had not transmitted any reply to her communications.
        
          
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          Equatorial Guinea
          Urgent appeals
          177. The Special Rapporteurjointly with the Special Rapporteur on torture sent an urgent
          appeal on behalf of 50 prisoners from the Bubi ethnic group who had been transferred
          on 3 March from the prison in Malabo to the Evinayong prison, situated in the continental part of
          the country. OEe transfer made it very diffcult for families to bring the food and medicines
          prisoners have to provide for themselves in this particular country.
          Ethiopia
          Communications sent
          178. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation to the Government of Ethiopia
          concerning the case of Mohamed Abmed Aw Ismail who, according to the information received,
          was shot dead in the presence of his family in Ogaden on 25 March 2000, allegedly by members
          of the Ethiopian Government Forces.
          Communications received
          179. The Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the ffinalization of this report the
          Government had not transmitted any reply to her communications.
          Gambia
          Urgent appeals
          180. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on 14 April 2000 on behalf
          of 14 people who were killed and at least 28 injured, allegedly by security forces, while
          participating in student-organized protest demonstrations in Banjul on 10 and 11 April 2000. It
          is reported that the demonstrations were organized by the Gambian Students Union (GAMSU) in
          Banjul, Brikama and other towns to protest the death of Ebrima Barry, a 19-year-old student, and
          the rape of a 13-year-old schoolgirl allegedly by a police offcer. According to the source, the
          demonstration in Banjul on 10 April turned violent when the security forces tried to disperse
          crowds using tear gas and rubber bullets. The security forces apparently ffired indiscriminately
          into the crowd when demonstrators began throwing stones at them, burning tyres and setting ffire
          to buildings, including ffire stations and police stations. As a result 14 people lost their lives
          and 28 were injured.
          Communications received
          181. The Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the ffinalization of this report the
          Government had not transmitted any reply to her communications.
        
          
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          Guatemala
          Urgent appeals
          182. On 24 November 2000 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal jointly with
          the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on human rights defenders aifier receiving
          information about the presumed death threats against the staL of the OLice of the Deputy
          Counsel for Human Rights in Sololit. OEe source reported that staL of the Deputy Counsel's
          OLice had been harassed and intimidated by members of the police force aifier the Counsel for
          Human Rights made public a conclusion regarding the death of Teodoro Saloj in Quich&
          department. According to the source, the Counsel for Human Rights had concluded
          on 6 November 2000 that nine offcers of the National Civil Police (PNC) had ffired the shots that
          killed Teodoro Saloj on 10 October 2000. According to the information received by the
          Special Rapporteur, staL of the Deputy Counsel's Offce had been harassed and intimidated by
          police offcers. OEe Deputy Counsel in Sololit had expressed concern that staL of his Off cc
          might be attacked by members of the police force aifier the report of the Counsel for Human
          Rights was issued and in the light of the alleged harassment and intimidation of some staff
          183. On 7 July 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Guatemala concerning the death threats received by Mario Domingo and Rodrigo Salvado,
          members of the team investigating the death of Bishop Juan Jos& Gerardi, auxiliary to the Bishop
          of Guatemala and Coordinator of the Archdiocesan Human Rights Offce, who had been found
          dead in April 1998 aifier issuing a report on the activities of the security forces during the years
          of civil conflict in Guatemala. According to the information received, Mario Domingo and
          Rodrigo Salvado had begun receiving death threats when the judge in the case found three
          high-ranking military oLicers and two civilians guilty of the crime.
          184. On 28 July 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Guatemala concerning the case of Alfredo Quino and Man Elena Mej ia, director and secretary,
          respectively, of the non-governmental organization known as Coordinaci6n Regional de
          Cooperativas Integradas (CORCI), which is involved in protecting the human rights of
          indigenous peoples in Guatemala. According to the information received, both individuals died
          as a result of the attack on the CORCI offces in Sololit on 21 July 2000. It was reported that the
          attack might have been provoked by the work the two individuals were doing to defend the rights
          indigenous peoples were claiming in respect of land in the Sololit region. In her urgent appeal,
          the Special Rapporteur requested the Government of Guatemala to take the necessary security
          measures to cope with the death threats allegedly received by various members of the
          Foundation for Education and Community Development (FUNDACEDO), an organization
          headed by Jos& Alfredo Quino which was active in defending indigenous communities in Sololit.
          185. On 17 July 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on freedom of expression and opinion aifier learning that the Director of the
          CERIGUA (Centro de Reportes Informativos de Guatemala) information agency, Illeana
          Alamilla, and other journalists from that agency feared for their safety. According to
          information received on 23 June and 10 July 2000, various threatening calls had been received at
          CERIGUA headquarters.
        
          
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          Communications sent
          186. The Special Rapporteur sent three allegations to the Government of Guatemala
          concerning the cases of the following persons who had lost their lives during the period under
          review.
          187. Erwin Haroldo Ochoa and Julio Armando Vasquez, members of the National Council of
          Protected Areas (CONAP), were allegedly killed on 29 February 2000 aifier having been
          repeatedly threatened. The source informed the Special Rapporteur that the reason for the
          murder was linked to the eLorts of the two individuals to protect the ecosystem and the
          environment at Izabal and to defend the human rights of the inhabitants of that area.
          188. Roberto Martinez, a photographer for the newspaper Prensa Libre died, according to the
          source, from gunshots ffired by the Guardia Civil. According to the information received, the
          victim was shot several times on 27 April 2000 while covering protests against public transport
          price increases in Guatemala City. It was reported that the photographer found himself in a
          shopping centre in the southern part of the city where groups of young people were looting
          stores. OEe source reported that members of the Guardia Civil at the shopping centre had ffired
          on the young people, killing Roberto Martinez and wounding two other journalists.
          189. Jos& Alfredo Quino and Maria Elena Quino were killed in an attack perpetrated
          by 10 men on 21 July 2000. The source told the Special Rapporteur that the two were the
          director and secretary, respectively, of CORCI, an indigenous organization working for the
          peaceful settlement of land disputes that had erupted following the return of indigenous refugees.
          Communications received
          190. On 15 August 2000 the Government of Guatemala transmitted to the Special Rapporteur
          information relating to the urgent appeal sent in connection with the death threats received by
          Illeana Alamilla, the director of CERIGUA. OEe Government stated that on 18 July 2000, staL
          of the Presidential Human Rights Commission had come to CERIGUA headquarters to
          question the director about the threats she had allegedly received. Ms. Alamilla stated
          that on 11 July 2000 the events in question had been brought to the attention of the
          Attorney-General's Offce, and were being investigated by bureau No. 30, police station No. 1
          and National Civil Police commissary No. 11, as well as the Offfice of the Counsel for Human
          Rights. OEe Government states that several investigations are under way and that all relevant
          steps are being taken by the security authorities with a view to guaranteeing the life and physical
          safety of Illeana Alamilla and the otherjournalists threatened.
          191. On 14 August and 8 December 2000 the Government of Guatemala transmitted to the
          Special Rapporteur information regarding the case of Jos& Alfredo Quino Matzar and
          Maria Elena Mejia. According to the information provided by the Government, Jos& Alfredo
          Quino Matzar was the Executive Director of CORCI; according to his father, Domingo Quino
          Solis, Mr. Quino Matzar had never received any death threats. OEe National Civil Police have
          reported that a list of suspects in the case has been drawn up and that all the suspects are from
          San Antonio de Palop6 in Sololit Department. OEe Government of Guatemala has oLered to
          make the list of suspects available to the Special Rapporteur, but for reasons of security and
        
          
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          independence of the investigation, this information is not contained in the present report. OEe
          Government reports that the case is under investigation and that the results will be transmitted to
          the Special Rapporteur once the investigation is completed.
          192. On 21 July 2000 the Government of Guatemala transmitted to the Special Rapporteur
          information concerning the death of the journalist Roberto Martinez in connection with an
          allegation sent by the Special Rapporteur to the Government of Bolivia. In its reply, the
          Government states that the shots that had killed Roberto Martinez had been ffired by two private
          security guards and not by members of the Guardia Civil, as the source maintained. OEe
          Government reported that the private security guards had not acted in concert with government
          authorities. OEe Government reports that in the wake of the investigations conducted by the
          National Civil Police and the Attorney-General's Off cc, it was determined that two security
          agents (who are identiffied in the Government's reply) had ffired their weapons from the roof
          where they were posted, causing the death of three persons, including Roberto Martinez. OEe
          Government states that a complaint was ffiled in respect of this incident by the victim's mother
          and that the entity that dealt with it was the First Court of First Instance for Criminal Activity,
          Drug TraLicking and Environmental Crime. The Attorney-General's Off cc considered that the
          investigation that took place provided grounds for a public trial of the defendant and called on
          the judge to begin the trial. The Government states that the two alleged perpetrators are being
          held in the men's detention facility in zone 18, Guatemala City. To date, no verdict has been
          reached, nor has any economic compensation been made to the victim's family, since it is
          Guatemala's domestic criminal legislation that determines what civil liability is attributable to an
          oLence. Reparation or compensation must be made by the person or persons found guilty of the
          oLence, and in the present case this has not yet been determined by the courts.
          193. On 21 July 2000 the Government of Guatemala transmitted to the Special Rapporteur
          information concerning the deaths of Erwin Haroldo Ochoa and Julio Armando Vasquez,
          members of the National Council for Protected Areas (CONAP). OEe Government states that,
          contrary to reports in the press, neither of the victims had complained of receiving threats. As to
          the cause of death, the Government told the Special Rapporteur that both victims displayed
          gunshot wounds. It is reported that no formal complaint was made to the National Civil Police
          or to the Attorney-General's Offce. The Government reports that the District Prosecutor in the
          Public Prosecutor's Off cc in Izabal Department has responsibility for the investigation. To date
          the alleged perpetrator of the crime has not been identiffied, and thus no criminal sentence has
          been imposed. The Government informed the Special Rapporteur that the results of the
          investigation will be made available to her as soon as they are obtained.
          Honduras
          194. The Special Rapporteur has transmitted three urgent appeals and one allegation to the
          Government of Honduras during the period under review. OEe Special Rapporteur would like to
          express her appreciation to the Government of Honduras for the rapid response to her urgent
          appeals and allegations and its invitation to visit the country. OEe Special Rapporteur would also
          like to express her deep concern over reports of violations of the right to life of a large number of
          minors.
        
          
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          Urgent appeals
          195. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 23 May 2000 on behalf of
          Coronado Avila, Lombardo Lacayo and Horacio Martinez, leaders of the Coordinadora de
          Organizaciones Populares de Ag5n (COPA), who had received death threats from a group known
          as the Death Squadrons ( Escuadrones de la Muerte) . Lombardo Lacayo was the victim of an
          assassination attempt in September 1999. OEe Special Rapporteur mentioned in her urgent
          appeal the murders of ffive members of the same organization who were killed aifier having
          received such death threats.
          196. The Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and
          expression, sent an urgent appeal on behalf Julio C&sar Pineda, ajournalist with El Progreso
          Radio Station and human rights defender. According to the information received Julio C&sar
          Pineda was the victim of an assassination attempt which took place while he was with his family.
          It was reported that since then he has received several death threats, reportedly because of his
          claims that the police had committed human rights violations.
          197. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 6 September 2000 on behalf of
          Jos& Luis Amador, 12 years of age, who was shot in the feet on 1 September 2000 in
          Tegucigalpa, allegedly by a member of the police who had found him, together with four other
          juveniles, sleeping under a bridge. OEe boys were also allegedly beaten.
          Communications sent
          198. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation to the Government of Honduras
          concerning 47 individuals, among them 29 minors, who were reportedly shot dead, allegedly by
          members of the police, during the period 1 January to 29 May 2000. OEe Special Rapporteur
          urged the Government to provide her with information concerning the cases of the following
          identiffied individuals: Mario Alberto Garcia Claros (16), H&ctor Daniel Hern tndez (10),
          Jos& Antonio L6pez (17), Jos& Lucio Triminio (14), Carmenza del Socorro Gonz5iez (16),
          Sandy Jackeline Argueta (9), Frelin Orlando Cardona (15), Jos& Arnulfo Mendoza (14),
          Edy Nahum Donaire Ortega (17), Francisco Javier Espinoza (17), Javier Enemecio Erazo
          Zelaya (16), Denis Josu& Aguilar Aparicio (7), Franklin Fernando Ramos (16), Luis Alberto
          Turcios (15), Luis V5squez Tercero (17), Edwin Omar Fern tndez (17), Javier Antonio
          Hern tndez (17), Melvin Fern tndez Suazo (15), Armando Moncada (18), Asael P&rez (15-17),
          Fernando Adonaz Escobar (19), Juan Carlos Hern tndez (16), Walter Rolando Ticono (21),
          Juan Carlos USpez (22), Donaldo Alemis Hern5ndez (19), Mario E. Silva Mejia (17),
          Walter Felim Centeno (17), Carlos M. Ramos G. (17), Fernando A. Guevara (16),
          Gerlin Geovanny Oseguera (22), Marlon Aquiles (7), Mario Rafael Cordova (16),
          Nolan Alvarez (22), David Ernesto Alvarado Z. (19), Jesiis Alberto Cord6n E. (20), Elver Twin
          Romero Elias (20), Jorge Geovanny Amaya (22), Alfredo Gallardo Guevara (15), Eduar Lenin
          Martinez (16), Celso Castej6n Reyes (18), Elmer Portillo (22), Jaime Enrique Sevilla T. (14),
          Raul Reyes Rapalo (18), Jorge Alberto Alvarado (19), Jos& Argeta S tnchez (22),
          Manuel Abraham Castillo L6pez (19) and Juan Antonio Barela (19).
        
          
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          Communications received
          199. By letter dated 25 July 2000 the Government of Honduras transmitted to the
          Special Rapporteur information concerning previous communications.
          200. Concerning the case of Obando Reyes, the Government of Honduras informed the
          Special Rapporteur that no complaint had been lodged and that investigations had been opened
          of the court's own motion. According to the Government, the autopsy revealed the existence of
          a bullet wound (caused by a ffirearm). OEe Criminal Investigation Directorate attached to the
          Minister of State in the Department of Security is in charge of the investigations. Two members
          of the police department have been identiffied as the alleged perpetrators of this killing. The
          Government stated that no criminal or disciplinary penalties had been ordered given that the
          accused had fled.
          201. Concerning the case of Marco Antonio Servell6n, Rony A. Betancourt, Di6medes Obed
          Garcia and Orlando Alvarez Rios, who allegedly died on 15 September 1995, the Government of
          Honduras stated that the investigation was at the pre-trial stage and that the authenticity of the
          facts would be stated in the ffinal judgement. The Government stated that an autopsy had been
          performed on all four victims and that complaints had been lodged only in the cases of
          Marco Antonio Servell6n and Rony A. Betancourt. According to the Government,
          on 6 May 1995 the Special Human Rights Prosecutor brought charges before the First Civil
          Court against four individuals assigned to the Public Security Force Seventh Regional
          Command, now known as Metropolitan Headquarters No. 1, and against the Police Court Judge
          of the Public Security Force Seventh Regional Command, for the killing of the above-mentioned
          victims. The Government stated that, as proceedings were at the pre-trial stage, no criminal or
          disciplinary sanctions have yet been ordered. OEe Government stated that no arrest warrant has
          been issued because, in the courts' opinion, further evidence linking the accused to the
          commission of the oLences had to be produced.
          202. Concerning the case of Noe Alejandro Alvarez, the Government states that proceedings
          are at the pre-trial stage and that the cause of death has not been divulged. It states that
          proceedings were opened of the court's own motion, as no complaint was lodged. OEe Criminal
          Investigation Directorate attached to the Minister of State in the Department of Security is the
          body in charge of investigating the oLences. On the basis of its investigations, which the Special
          Human Rights Prosecutor transmitted to the Second Magistrates' Criminal Court in Francisco
          Morazan, an investigation was opened into the death of Noe Alejandro Alvarez. The
          Government states that a member of the Preventive Police attached to the Minister of State in the
          Department of Security (the police off cer was identiffied in the Government's reply) was
          identiffied as the alleged perpetrator of the oLence. OEe Government states that the alleged
          perpetrator is currently incarcerated in the Marco Aurelio Solo National Prison pending ffinal
          judgement.
          203. In the case of Gerson Eduardo Calix, Esteban Varela and Angel Gabriel Bonilla, the
          Government states that proceedings are at the preliminary stage. It states that autopsies
          conducted on the three bodies indicate that the deaths were homicides according to forensic
          criteria. OEe Government states that no complaint was lodged and that the events were
          investigated of the court's own motion. The body in charge of the investigation is the Criminal
        
          
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          Investigation Directorate attached to the Minister of State in the Department of Security.
          According to the Government, in November 1999 the Human Rights Prosecutor brought criminal
          charges against the alleged perpetrator, who, is in prison pending the judgement of the Court of
          Appeals in San Pedro de Sula, Department of Cort&s.
          204. By letter dated 31 July 2000 the Government of Honduras transmitted to the
          Special Rapporteur information concerning the case of Julio C&sar Pineda. The Government
          reported that the information had been transmitted to the Criminal Investigation Directorate
          (DGIC) and that an investigation had been opened.
          Observations
          205. By letter dated 11 September 2000 the Special Rapporteur requested the Government of
          Honduras to invite her to visit the country so that she would be able to investigate reports
          brought to her attention. By letter dated 13 November 2000 the Government extended an
          invitation to the Special Rapporteur to visit Honduras. OEe Special Rapporteur looks forward to
          visiting Honduras in 2001.
          India
          206. The Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on the independence of
          judges and lawyers and the Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and
          expression, expressed by letters addressed to the Governments of India and Pakistan
          on 6 October 2000 their concerns over an increasing number of reports regarding human rights
          violations relevant to their respective mandates in certain parts of those countries. These reports
          led the Special Rapporteurs to request country visits which would enable them to evaluate the
          situation and reach an independent assessment of the reports and allegations received, and to
          formulate pertinent recommendations to be placed before the Governments of both countries.
          Urgent appeals
          207. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on the
          question of torture, on behalf of Mihamad Salim Bhat and Shabir Abmed Khan.
          Mohammad Salim Bhat was reportedly arrested by Special Operations Group (SOG) police
          on 23 May 2000 in his shop in Batmaloo and taken to the SOG post at the Cargo Complex,
          Srinagar, Kashmir. According to the information received, his family has not been allowed to see
          him, and when they attempted to ffile a ffirst information report questioning the legality of his
          arrest, the police at Batmaloo substation reportedly refused to accept it. Shabir Ahmed Khan
          was reportedly arrested on 30 May 2000 by soldiers and possibly SOG offficers at his residence
          at Shaheed Gunj, Srinagar and taken to Badami Bagh cantonment in Srinagar. According to the
          information received, former members of armed groups supporting the Government (so-called
          renegades) have threatened to kill him unless the family pays them a large sum of money. It is
          not known whether he has been charged with any offence. In view of the fact that Mohammad
          Salim Bhat's younger brother Irshad Abmad reportedly died in SOG custody on S May 2000,
          and in view of the incommunicado nature of their detention, fears were expressed that
          Mohammad Salim Bhat and Shabir Ahmed Khan may be at risk of torture or other forms of
          ill-treatment, summary, arbitrary or extrajudicial execution.
        
          
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          208. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 14 August 2000 concerning more
          than 20 people, mainly Hindu pilgrims, who were reportedly killed on 1 August 2000 in
          Pahalgam, south of Srinagar. OEe police reported that the pilgrims were on their way to a Hindu
          religious shrine when they were attacked by members of Islamic guerrillas ffighting for
          Kashmir's independence. It is reported that more that 13 people were injured and transferred to
          hospital in Srinagar.
          Communications sent
          209. According to the information received, on 14 January 2000, the SOG arrested
          Tariq Ahmed Gujri at his house and took him to Humahama SOG Camp where he was
          interrogated and reportedly tortured.
          210. According to the information received, on 13 September 2000, Ohulam Nabi Lone was
          apprehended by personnel of the 34 Rashtriya Rifles who reportedly threw him into the river. It
          is reported that Ohulam Nabi Lone received multiple injuries and was transported to Soura
          medical institute for treatment, where he died.
          211. According to the information received, on 14 August 2000, Ohulam Nabi Ganai was
          apprehended by personnel of the 34 Rashtriya Rifles. It is reported that on 15 August 2000, his
          dead body was recovered from a forest bearing multiple bullet wounds.
          212. According to the information received, on 25 March 2000, ffive men were killed in
          Panchalthan, allegedly by members of the army and the police.
          213. According to reports, on 3 April 2000, seven people were shot dead while participating in
          a demonstration in Brakpora. It is reported that the seven unidentiffied people died as a result of
          the force allegedly used by the police to disperse the demonstration.
          214. According to reports, on 30 March 2000, 35 men were killed in Chithisinghpora,
          allegedly by a group of gunmen wearing army uniforms.
          215. According to reports, on 22 February 2000, Ohulam Mohi-ud-din Najjar was reportedly
          shot dead while in the custody of the SOG outside the chiefjudicial magistrate's court in
          Srinagar. It is reported that he had received death threats the week before he was killed.
          216. According to reports, on 5 June 2000, Mushtaq Abmed was arrested while he was in his
          residence in Chandpora, Harwan, Srinagar, allegedly by members of the army. It is reported that
          on 8 June 2000, his dead body was found near Nundreshi colony, Bemina, Srinagar. It is alleged
          that his body bore bullet wounds and marks of torture.
          217. It is alleged that on 20 April, Colonel Save, an activist with the Kinara Bacaho Samiti
          (Save the Coast Committee), died while in police custody in Mumbai. The Committee had
          reportedly protested against the construction of a port in the coastal zone of Gujarat. It is
          reported that Colonel Save was arrested at his home and taken to the local police station. He was
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
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          allegedly beaten repeatedly by the police before being put in a crowded cell, despite pleading
          that he had a heart condition. Colonel Save subsequently suffered a brain haemorrhage and died
          in hospital in Mumbai.
          Communications received
          218. On 3 March 2000 the Government of India transmitted information to the Special
          Rapporteur concerning the case of Wahengbam Joykumar Singh, a human rights activist who
          had allegedly received several death threats. OEe Government reported that Wahengbam
          Joykumar Singh was stopped on 27 June 1999 by personnel of the Assam Rifles for a routine
          check. Mr. Singh introduced himself as a human rights worker and volunteered to visit the camp
          of the Assam Rifles for further discussions. According to the Government, Mr. Singh visited the
          camp on 28 June 1999 and had discussions with the post commander on a wide range of issues,
          including human rights and the role of the armed forces. The Government reported that while he
          was at the camp, Wahengbam Joykumar Singh was neither threatened nor intimidated.
          219. On 3 March 2000 the Government of India transmitted a reply to the Special Rapporteur
          on the case of Amrendra Choudghary and Susendra Bhuyan, reported in previous reports.
          According to the Government the above-mentioned persons were killed in an encounter between
          militants and army personnel. The inquiry into the incident remained inconclusive as the
          surviving militants involved in the incident had evaded arrest since the date of the encounter. No
          compensation had been paid to the family members of the deceased as they were members of a
          banned organization waging war against a constitutionally established Government.
          220. On 7 April and 21 July 2000 the Government of India transmitted information to the
          Special Rapporteur concerning the death sentences of four persons accused of murdering
          Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India. According to the information transmitted by the
          Government the trial of the accused was conducted by a special court as the accused were
          charged under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Act 1987 (TADA). The court
          convicted 26 accused and sentenced them to death. OEe case was referred to the Supreme Court,
          which is the court of appeal in cases of oLences under TADA. OEe Supreme Court confirmed
          the conviction against seven of the accused and set aside the convictions and the sentences
          against the remaining ones. Three of the accused, namely Robert Payas, Jaya Kumar and Ravi
          Chandran, had been given life imprisonment and the other four, namely Nalini, Santhan,
          Murugan and Perarivalan, had their death sentences conffirmed. The prisoners have since
          submitted a petition for mercy to the Governor of Tamil Nadu. OEe Governor has postponed the
          execution of the sentence. The prisoners have also submitted petitions to the President of India
          which, according to the Government, are still under consideration. OEe Government reported
          that the prisoners had been given adequate opportunities to present their cases before the court
          and that they had not been treated inhumanely.
          221. On 7 November 2000 the Government of India transmitted information concerning the
          case of Gulzar Ahmed Ganai. According to the Government, Gulzar Ahmed Ganai was
          kidnapped by unknown gunmen on 29 May 1998. His dead body was recovered by the police
          near Harilam Takibal on 5 June 1998. Investigations by the police revealed that there was no
        
          
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          involvement of the army in the kidnapping or killing of Gulzar Ahmed Ganai. According to the
          Government, the Rashtriya Rifles did not undertake any operation in the Waghama area on the
          dates mentioned by the source to the Special Rapporteur.
          222. On 9 November the Government of India transmitted information concerning the case of
          Colonel Save. OEe Government reported that in pursuance of a decision of the Government to
          examine the possibility of establishing a port at Umberagon Taluka Bulsar district, a survey team
          was to visit the area. OEere were reports that some sections of the local population were opposed
          to the proposed construction. In anticipation of a major confrontation, police reinforcements
          were mobilized. According to the Government, the crowd turned violent, and as a result some of
          the police personnel were injured. Following this incident some individuals were detained,
          among them Pratap Save. As he reportedly complained that he was not well, the offficer in
          charge of the police station immediately took him to the hospital for medical attention. The
          doctors at Umberagon provided ffirst aid and advised moving him to Vapi for further attention.
          According to the Government the offcer in charge informed the family of Pratap Save's medical
          condition. As the doctors at Vapi Hospital felt that the patient required immediate further
          medical attention, the executive magistrate released him from custody. Pratap Save was then
          moved to Mumbai hospital where he died on 20 April 2000.
          223. On 10 November 2000, the Government of India informed the Special Rapporteur about
          the case of Shabir Abmed Khan, stating that the case was under investigation at the Srinagar
          court.
          224. On 10 November, the Government of India transmitted to the Special Rapporteur
          information concerning the cases of Ghulam Mohammad Paul, Haffiz Bakhtiar War,
          Mohammed Sharief War, Mohammad Ayub, Mohammad Shafat, Mohammad Abdullah Sheikh,
          Abdullah Samad Dar and Ghulam Mohi-ud-Din Dar.
          225. Concerning the case of Ghulam Mohammad Paul, the Government reported that inquiries
          were being made, and that the investigations had revealed that on 6 February 1999 an operation
          was undertaken jointly by the Border Security Forces and SOG Avantipora to flush out
          militants who had entered the village of Buchoo. According to the Government, the militants
          opened ffire on the security forces, who returned ffire in self-defence. Later, the area was
          searched and one dead body was recovered from the scene. OEe deceased was identiffied as
          Ghulam Mohammad Paul. Further investigation revealed that he was a member of the
          Izb-ul-Mujahideen group and Operational Commander of Pulwama district.
          226. Concerning the cases of Haffiz Bakhtiar War and Mohammed Sharief War, the
          Government reported that on 10 December 98 personnel of the 129 Battalion of the Border
          Security Force and SOG Kupwara were ffired upon by militants during an operation at Gulgam
          forest and that the security forces had returned ffire. During the encounter Haffiz Bakhtiar War
          and Mohammed Sharief War were killed.
          227. The Government informed the Special Rapporteur concerning the case of
          Mohammad Ayub Bhat that the inquiries had revealed that he had been in custody at Anantnag
          police station from 3 to 14 December 1998, when he was released on bail at the order of the
          Anantnag Chief Judicial Magistrate. Mohammad Ayub Bhat's father complained verbally at the
        
          
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          Anantnag police station that while he was going home with his son, they were stopped by
          unknown persons. According to the Government, Mohammad Ayub Bhat was kidnapped by
          those persons. His body was found at Anzwolla village.
          228. Concerning the case of Mohammad Shafat, the Government informed the Special
          Rapporteur that he had been kidnapped by a group of unknown men on 11 December 1998.
          According to the Government, Mohammad Shafat was severely tortured by the men and thrown
          on the Vicharnag road on 12 December. Mohammad Shafat was taken by his parents to hospital,
          where he died.
          229. Concerning the cases of Mohammad Abdullah Sheikh and Abdul Samad Dar, the
          Government informed the Special Rapporteur that during the course of the investigations it had
          not been possible to identify the persons responsible for their deaths.
          230. The Government reported that a complaint concerning the case of Ghulam
          Mohi-ud-Din Dar had been filed at Hajin police station on 12 September 1998. The case was
          still under investigation.
          231. On 14 November 2000, the Government of India transmitted to the Special Rapporteur
          information concerning the killing of 35 individuals in Chitthisinghpora. According to the
          Government, a group of approximately 20 armed individuals carried out the massacre
          of 36 Sikhs in Chitthisinghpora, Anantnag district, Jammu and Kashmir, on 20 March 2000. OEe
          group belonged to the Lashkar-e-toiba and the Hizb-ul-Mujahideen. The Indian investigating
          agencies arrested a member of the Hizb-ul-Mujahideen in Chitthisinghpora who confirmed that
          the armed group called all male Sikhs from their houses and divided them into two groups and
          then killed them. OEe massacre was still under investigation by the Government.
          Observations
          232. The Special Rapporteur issued a press release on 17 August 2000 urging the
          Governments of Pakistan and India to investigate the outbreak of violence in Kashmir which left
          over 100 persons dead. OEe Special Rapporteur also called on the Government of India to
          conduct a high-level independent inquiry into the 1 August killing of over 85 people in the
          Kashmiri villages of Pahalgam, Anantnag and Pogal. Reports following the attack have linked
          the Hizb-ul-Mujahideen and Indian security forces to the deaths. In appealing to the two
          Governments, the Special Rapporteur said that the recent violence imperils the nascent peace
          process in Kashmir and delays one key dividend of such a process: an end to arbitrary and
          summary killings in that tortured land”.
          Indonesia
          Urgent appeals
          233. On 29 June 2000 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal to the Government
          of Indonesia concerning the situation in the Maluku islands. OEe Special Rapporteur had
          received reports describing numerous incidents of violence, looting, destruction of property and
          grave human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings, attributed mainly to Muslim
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
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          militants in that region. It was reported that on 19 June 2000, a group of some 500 Muslim
          militants attacked the church in the predominantly Christian village of Duma where hundreds of
          villagers, including many women and children, had sought shelter. It was also reported that
          more than 100 people were taken away from Duma to the village of Soa-Sio by the militants.
          Their fate and current whereabouts are unknown. It was alleged that the militants then set ffire to
          the church, and that more than 120 people died in the flames. Reports further indicate that
          soldiers of the Indonesian army were present at the scene but allegedly did not intervene to stop
          the violence. In this connection, the Special Rapporteur noted the Government's decision
          of 26 June 2000 to declare a state of emergency in the Maluku region. In view of these
          developments, the Special Rapporteur reminded the Government of its obligation to ensure the
          safety and physical integrity of all persons and to guarantee that security forces carry out their
          tasks in strict compliance with international human rights standards.
          234. On 10 October 2000, the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression and the Special Rapporteur
          on torture concerning 15 people who were detained in connection with violence which broke out
          in Trian Jaya on 6 October 2000. On that day, security forces are said to have opened ffire during
          attempts to remove forcibly Irian Jaya flags flying in several locations in Wamena town,
          Jayawijaya district. Two people were reportedly shot dead and around 28 injured, including
          members of the security forces. Local people are said to have launched a demonstration against
          the killings. During the ensuing violence, around 30 persons were reportedly killed. According
          to the information received, around 200 persons, including 25 children, were originally arrested
          during ajoint operation by members of the Police Mobile Brigade (Brimob), the police and the
          military, but most were said to have been released shortly aifierwards. Those released allegedly
          reported that they had witnessed other detainees, apparently those refusing to renounce support
          for the independence of Irian Jaya, being beaten, kicked and cut with razors by the police.
          Fiifieen persons were said to be held incommunicado in Jayawijaya police post and fears were
          expressed that they may be at risk of torture and other forms of ill-treatment.
          235. In the same urgent appeal the Special Rapporteur drew the attention of the Government
          to the information received concerning Yorenius Wenda and Alex Meage, who are said to be
          members of a pro-independence militia group, the Papua Taskforce (Satgas Papua). OEey were
          reportedly taken from their homes by members of the Indonesian National Army over the
          weekend. Local human rights monitors reportedly checked with Jayawijaya district military
          command which denied knowledge of their whereabouts. The Special Rapporteur expressed
          fears that they may be at risk of torture or summary, arbitrary or extrajudicial execution.
          236. On 13 November 2000 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal jointly with
          the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on human rights defenders to the
          Government of Indonesia concerning Mr. Aguswandi, an Acehnese human rights defender
          working for the Congress of Victims of Human Rights in Aceh, who had allegedly been
          subjected to several death threats. It was reported that, on 3 November 2000, Police
          Captain Sutriandani called the legal aid group LBH inquiring about Mr. Aguswandi's
          whereabouts and OEerating” him for his criticisms in the media of the police assault on the
          offces of the Aceh Referendum Information Centre the day before. According to the
          information received, on 4 November 2000, Mr. Aguswandi was warned that armed individuals
          in civilian clothes were looking for him at LBH headquarters and he reportedly managed to
        
          
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          escape. In the light of the increase in the number of acts of violence against human rights
          defenders in the province of Aceh, serious concerns were expressed for the safety of
          Mr. Aguswandi.
          237. On 22 November 2000, the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal, jointly with
          the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on human rights defenders, the Special
          Rapporteur on torture, the Chairman-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
          and the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, to the Government of Indonesia
          concerning the human rights situation in the province of Aceh. OEe Special Rapporteur had
          received information concerning alleged extrajudicial executions of numerous civilians,
          particularly human rights defenders and peaceful pro-independence activists as well as an
          increasing number of death threats against human rights defenders.
          238. On 12 December 2000 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal jointly with
          the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on human rights defenders concerning the
          murders on 6 December 2000 of Ms. Ernita (22), Mr. Idris (30) and Mr. Bakhtiar (24),
          three humanitarian aid volunteers working with the organization Rehabilitation Action for
          Torture Victims in Aceh (RATA). According to the information received, these
          three humanitarian workers, together with a fourth RATA volunteer, were transporting a
          torture victim from the vicinity of Cot Mat Tahe village, in North Aceh, to a hospital for medical
          treatment, when they were stopped by plainclothes Indonesian security forces. The four RATA
          workers, along with the torture victim, were allegedly taken to a military vehicle and tortured.
          While one RATA worker reportedly managed to escape, the three others were allegedly lined up
          on the road and shot in the head. It was reported that the torture victim accompanying the RATA
          volunteers was also killed during the incident. It is believed that the Police Mobile Brigade and
          the military were involved in the killing.
          Communications sent
          239. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation on behalf of Jafar Siddiq Hamzah, a
          human rights lawyer from the Indonesia Legal Aid and Chairman of the International Forum for
          Aceh, a not-for-proffit corporation incorporated in New York State, who returned to Indonesia in
          July 2000 to establish an offce of the Support Committee for Human Rights in Aceh and to
          publish the second edition of the ffirst-ever Acehnese language newspaper, Su Atieh. It was
          reported that Jafar Siddiq Hamzah was last seen on 5 August 2000 in Medan, Indonesia, where
          he failed to keep an aifiernoon appointment. His mutilated body was found with four
          others 80 kilometres outside Medan on 5 September 2000.
          240. The Special Rapporteur transmitted to the Government of Indonesia an allegation
          concerning the case of Samson Aregahegn, Carlos C ceres and Pero Simundza, staL members of
          the OLice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), who were
          reportedly killed on 6 September 2000 in Atambua, West Timor. It was reported that
          on 6 September 2000, violence erupted shortly aifier a funeral procession for a militia leader
          passed by the United Nations compound. As relief workers rushed to escape the mob over a
          fence at the rear of the compound, the three above-mentioned UNHCR staL were reportedly
          trapped in the Radio Room trying to contact colleagues in Dili. According to the information
        
          
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          received, they were hacked to death with machetes by militiamen who then poured gasoline over
          them and burned their bodies. It appears that Indonesian government forces present in the area
          did not intervene to stop the violence.
          Communications received
          241. By letter dated 20 July 2000, the Government of Indonesia transmitted a reply concerning
          the urgent appeal sent by the Special Rapporteur on the Maluku conflict. According to the
          Government, the conflict in the Malukus cannot be considered a strictly religious conflict; it is
          more an inter-community conflict driven by local economic disparities and instigated by certain
          forces bent on destabilizing the country. OEe Indonesian Government informed the Special
          Rapporteur that it is determined to address the problem and to continue to take the necessary
          measures. In this connection, the Government pointed out that all military and police personnel
          in the Malukus suspected of not being impartial have been replaced. In addition, the police are
          confiscating weapons from individuals. On 26 June 2000 presidential decree N88/2000 was
          adopted and a state of emergency imposed in Maluku and North Maluku. Under the state of
          emergency, the Government may take ffirm and eLective measures to restore order and stability
          in the two provinces. According to the Government, the Indonesian police and the security
          forces are under strict orders to respect and protect human rights. They have been instructed to
          avoid any excessive use of force. OEe Off cc of the State Minister for Human Rights Affairs is
          preparing a simple manual which will be distributed to all members of the police and the security
          forces inthe fleld.
          242. The Government noted that as an additional measure, on Monday, 26 June 2000, the
          Commander of the Pattimura Military Command, Brigadier-General Max Tamaela, was replaced
          by Colonel I Made Yasa.
          243. On 27 June 2000, the Governor of the Province of Maluku, as the authority in charge of
          the state of emergency, declared that all conflicting parties should cease their hostilities.
          244. The Government pointed out that it is strongly opposed to the deployment of Muslim
          militants, who call themselves Laskar Juhad, from Java to the islands. It continues to apprehend
          members of Laskar Jihad and to remove them from the islands owing to their involvement in the
          new clashes there.
          Iran (Islamic Republic of)
          Urgent appeals
          245. The Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on torture, sent an urgent
          appeal on 23 February 2000 on behalf of Akbar Mohammadi, one of the three students sentenced
          to death in September 1999 by the Tehran Revolutionary Court in connection with the student
          demonstrations of last July. Reports indicated that he was at risk of imminent execution. His
          sentence was reportedly upheld by the Supreme Court and can only be commuted by the Leader
          of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It was reported that he had been beaten; he was allegedly
          whipped on the soles of his feet with a cable. He was reportedly sentenced aifier a secret trial at a
        
          
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          special court. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted on 16 September 1999 an urgent appeal to the
          Government concerning the case of the students arrested aifier the above-mentioned
          demonstrations.
          246. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal to the Government of Iran
          on 13 April 2000 on behalf of Navid Balazadeh, age 16, who was arrested allegedly on charges
          of spying for Israel and the United States. It is reported that Navid Balazadeh was transferred to
          Shiraz where he was scheduled to be tried on 13 April 2000. It was also reported that he could
          face the death penalty despite the fact that he is a minor.
          247. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal, jointly with the Special Rapporteur
          on torture, to the Government of Iran on 17 August 2000, concerning the cases of
          Ali Hassanzadeh, Mostafa Nikbakht and Mirkhalil Seyyed Nazary who were reportedly arrested
          on 5 July 2000, accused of writing slogans against political leaders and of murdering a
          Revolutionary Guard member. It was alleged that they had been tortured while in police
          custody. It was further reported that Mostafa Nikbakht was sentenced to death in a trial in which
          the presiding judge reportedly also acted as the prosecutor and the jury. Fears had been
          expressed that Mostafa Nikbakht could be at risk of imminent execution by public hanging.
          248. On 16 November the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal to the Government,
          jointly with the Special Representative on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic
          of han, regarding the conviction of Hasan Youseffi Eshkevari on charges of apostasy, niohareba
          (waging war against God), spreading of lies to distort public opinion, insulting the late founder
          of the Islamic Republic, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, and defaming the clergy. A verdict
          had reportedly been pronounced but it had not been made public. It was alleged that Mr.
          Eskevari could be facing the death penalty. According to the sources, Mr. Eshkevari was
          arrested on 5 August 2000 by order of the prosecutor of the Special Court for the Clergy and
          taken to Evin Prison in Tehran in connection with a speech he had made at a conference in
          Berlin last April. Mr. Eshkevari was reportedly held in solitary conffinement until the end of
          September. It was alleged that during this period, he was denied both medical attention, being ill
          with diabetes, and access to legal counsel. OEe proceedings of the Special Court, which started
          on 7 October and ended on 17 October, were closed and he was forced to accept a court-
          appointed lawyer, as his own lawyer was not permitted to attend the hearing.
          Communications received
          249. By letter dated 14 March 2000, the Government informed the Special Rapporteur that the
          case of Mr. Akbar Mohammadi was still under consideration by the relevant judicial oLicials
          and that the death sentence had not been conffirmed.
          250. On 30 March 2000, the Government informed the Special Rapporteur that in the case of
          the trial of 13 Jews and 8 Muslims on charges of espionage and acting against national security,
          the accused had not chosen to be represented by their own lawyers and that, as stipulated in the
          relevant laws and regulations, the court had asked the Bar Association to appoint a lawyer to
          defend them. OEe Government also transmitted updated information on the trial on 9, 13
        
          
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          and 16 April 2000. On 6 July 2000, the Government informed the Special Rapporteur that the
          Court of Shiraz had acquitted Mr. Navid Balazadeh (on whose case the Special Rapporteur had
          sent several urgent appeals) and four others due to insuffcient evidence.
          251. On 10 March 2000, the Government transmitted information to the Special Rapporteur
          concerning the case of Morteza Amini Mogaddam. OEe Government reported that
          Morteza Amini Mogaddam had been sentenced to death aifier being found guilty of murder. OEe
          Government reported that he had been pardoned by the father of the victim and that the case had
          been sent to the competent court for reconsideration.
          Israel
          Urgent appeals
          252. On 3 October 2000, the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal to the
          Government of Israel expressing her deepest concern over the escalation of violence in the
          West Bank, the Gaza Strip and a number of other locations, including Nazareth and Sakhin. OEe
          Special Rapporteur had received reports indicating that Israeli security forces had used excessive
          and indiscriminate force in their operations. At least 50 people were reported to have lost their
          lives as a result of the above-mentioned violence. The Special Rapporteur stated that she was
          particularly alarmed by allegations that Israeli forces had used live ammunition against civilians
          and that heavy weaponry, including helicopter gunships and anti-tank missiles, had been
          deployed in some of the actions carried out by the Israeli army. OEe Special Rapporteur urged
          the Government to ensure that government forces were immediately ordered to act with restraint
          and to respect international human rights standards when carrying out their duties. OEe Special
          Rapporteur stated that all incidents of alleged killings by government forces had to be
          investigated without delay, and the persons responsible for these crimes brought to justice.
          Communications sent
          253. The Special Rapporteur transmitted allegations of violation of the right to life of the
          following individuals.
          254. According to the information received, Ramez Fayez Mohamed Rashid Elrzi, from
          el Nusseirat refugee camp in the Gaza Strip, died in his cell at el Nafha prison, in Israel. In
          February 2000, Ramez Fayez Mohamed Rashid Elrzi was arrested in Afula and subsequently
          convicted of entering Israel without the required permit and sentenced to three years of
          imprisonment. It is reported that his father had last visited him on 9 August 2000 and reported
          that his son was in relatively good health.
          255. According to the information received, on 16 August 2000, Muhammad Bazar Abdallah
          was reportedly killed by forces of the duvdevan” undercover army unit in Surda, north of
          Ramallah. It is reported that Muhammad Bazar Abdallah went up on the roof of his house, aifier
          hearing noises in the middle of the night. It is alleged that when the soldiers did not answer his
          call, he ffired his revolver and the soldiers shot back, killing him.
        
          
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          256. According to the information received, on 3 October 2000, Aseel Hassan Assalih died,
          allegedly aifier having been beaten and shot by the Israeli military while attending a
          demonstration.
          257. According to the information received, on 22 May Israeli forces allegedly directed tank
          ffire from the Israeli side of the border at Lebanese civilians, killing Abd Al-Karim Assaf,
          22 years of age, and Ibrahim Maruni, 16 years of age. It is reported that Abd Al-Karim Assaf
          and Ibrahim Maruni were driving along the road in Manara when their car was hit by fire from
          the Israeli side of the border. According to the information received, Salman Rammal was
          killed, allegedly as a result of tank ffire from Israeli forces, during the same incident in Manara.
          258. According to the information received, on 23 May 2000, Israeli forces allegedly
          directed tank ffire from the Israeli side of the border at Lebanese civilians, killing
          Abd Al-Rahman Taqqush while he was driving along the road in Manara.
          259. According to the information received, on 23 May 2000, an Israeli soldier allegedly
          killed Mohammed Al-Durrah. It is reported that Mohammed Al-Durrah died while his father
          tried, in vain, to shield him from gunffire as they crouched against a concrete wall near Netzarim
          in the Gaza Strip.
          260. It was reported that Halima Abdel Al-Aloul and her husband were approached by car at a
          military checkpoint between Kharas and Sourif, Hebron district. Abdel Al-Aloul's husband
          reportedly realized that they did not have the insurance document for the vehicle and decided to
          turn back. The Israeli soldiers manning the post allegedly opened ffire at the car, killing
          Halima Abdel Al-Aloul.
          261. According to the information received, Murad Azaru was shot dead on 30 March 2000,
          allegedly by an Israeli soldier in Shuafat. It was reported that Murad Azaru was in his car when
          the soldier opened ffire from a checkpoint at the entrance to the Shuaifi refugee camp in the
          West Bank.
          Communications received
          262. On 10 October 2000, the Government of Israel transmitted a reply to the Special
          Rapporteur to her urgent appeal dated 3 October 2000. OEe Government deeply regretted the
          casualties and the loss of life, both Arab and Israeli. Concerning the West Bank, the
          Government stated that Israeli residents were restricted in their movements and placed in great
          danger. According to the Government, the allegations of excessive and indiscriminate force
          were unfounded. OEe Government reported that helicopters had been used in certain incidents as
          a means of accurate identiffication, in order to target only speciffic snipers and ffiring positions,
          thereby minimizing damage and injury.
        
          
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          Jamaica
          Urgent appeals
          263. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on 23 August 2000 to the
          Government of Jamaica concerning the safety of Dahlia Allen, an attorney representing
          some 20 inmates at the St. Catherine's Adult Correctional Centre, Spanish Town, who had
          allegedly been the victims of ill-treatment by prison guards. It had been brought to the attention
          of the Special Rapporteur that Dahlia Allen had been intimidated and harassed, allegedly in
          relation to her attempts to represent the inmates during the hearings of the commission of
          inquiry. It was alleged that State agents connected with St. Catherine's prison were behind the
          death threats against Dahlia Allen.
          Communications sent
          264. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation concerning the case of Michael Gayle
          who reportedly died on 23 August 1999 due to injuries sustained two days earlier when
          attempting to pass through a police and army roadblock in Oympic Gardens, Kingston.
          Michael Gayle allegedly suLered a traumatic rupture of his stomach lining due to the severe
          beatings he was subjected to by the police offcers. It was reported that Michael Gayle suffered
          from mental illness.
          Communications received
          265. On 31 October 2000, the Government of Jamaica informed the Special Rapporteur that
          neither the Ministry of National Security and Justice, the Police Department, nor any public
          authority had received a complaint from Ms. Dahlia Allen regarding any concern for her safety
          or alleging any surveillance or telephone tapping.
          Jordan
          Urgent appeals
          266. On 22 September 2000, the Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on
          torture, sent an urgent appeal to the Government of Jordan concerning the situation of
          Khader Abu Hosher and Usama Husni Kamel Sammar who had been arrested in December 1999
          by security forces and reportedly held in incommunicado detention for up to three months at the
          General Intelligence Department's detention centre. On 18 September 2000, they were
          reportedly convicted of plotting to carry out bomb attacks in Jordan, manufacturing explosives
          and recruiting people to carry out attacks on Jewish and American targets and sentenced to death
          for their alleged involvement with al-Qa'eda (the Base), an organization allegedly linked to
          Usama ben Laden. It was reported that in April 2000, during the trial, serious restrictions were
          imposed on communication between the defendants and their lawyers, with whom they were
          allowed to meet only in the presence of security forces. It was alleged that Khader Abu Hosher
          and Usama Husni Kamel Sammar were subjected to prolonged torture and ill-treatment and that
        
          
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          confessions were extracted under duress. During the trial, Khader Abu Hosher was reported to
          have stated that he had been subjected to very tough interrogation methods” and that other
          defendants were tortured and terrorized” into testifying against him.
          Communications sent
          267. The Special Rapporteur transmitted one allegation of violation of the right to life of
          Usama Abdul-Karim Ali Qsaem. According to the information received, on 6 October 2000,
          Usama Abdul-Karim Ali Qsaem was reportedly killed in Jordan by the anti-riot police while
          expressing his support for the Palestinian people. It was reported that anti-riot police allegedly
          used tear-gas bombs and rods against the demonstrators.
          Kenya
          Communications sent
          268. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation of violation of the right to life of
          six individuals. According to the information received, six unarmed prisoners were killed aifier
          being stripped of their clothes by prison wardens in Nyeri. It was reported that the six
          reportedly killed were part of a group of eight prisoners on death row who attempted to
          escape from King'ong'o prison in Nyeri, 150 kilometres from Nairobi, in the early hours
          of 4 September 2000. It is reported that the prisoners were allegedly shot dead indiscriminately
          by scores of armed wardens.
          Lebanon
          Urgent appeals
          269. On 17 November 2000, the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal jointly with
          the Special Rapporteur on torture and the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
          concerning Sudanese asylum-seekers, Trabun Ibrahim Laku, Gilbert Kwagy, Adam Abu
          Bakr Adam and Salah Muhammad Abdallah, who were reportedly held in incommunicado
          detention at Furn al-Shibak General Security Detention Centre in Beirut, as well as
          about 200 Sudanese and Iraqi asylum-seekers/migrants held in the same and other detention
          centres around the country on charges of entering the country illegally. According to the
          information received, it was believed that Sudanese and Iraqi asylum-seekers were subjected to
          torture and other ill-treatment in an attempt to force them to abandon their asylum applications
          and leave the country. Gilbert Kwagy was believed to have sustained a broken arm, reportedly
          as a result of torture. It was reported that he did not receive any medical treatment despite his
          injuries. Awadalla Jum'a Jarkum, a 19-year-old Sudanese asylum-seeker, was reportedly
          detained by the Lebanese security forces on 9 October 2000. He was said to have initially been
          detained at the Furn al-Shibak General Security Detention Centre before being transferred to
          Rumieh Prison. A warrant for his arrest was reportedly issued on 28 October, charging him with
          entering Lebanon illegally. He reportedly died in Rumieh Prison on 3 November 2000. OEe
          Lebanese authorities were said to have issued a medical report stating that he had died of a heart
          attack. However, reports indicated that no autopsy was carried out. Trabun Ibrahim Laku was
          reportedly arrested on 19 April 2000, despite having produced a document proving that he had
        
          
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          lodged an asylum application with UNHCR. He was reportedly charged with illegally entering
          Lebanon and sentenced to three months' imprisonment by a court in Beirut. Upon completion of
          his sentence at Alya Prison, he was said to have been taken to Furn al-Shibak General Security
          Detention Centre and asked to produce his passport, reportedly in order to arrange for his
          deportation. When he failed to produce his passport he was reportedly forced out of his cell with
          his hands cuLed behind his back and beaten with batons until he fell to his knees. At that point,
          he reportedly received two severe blows to his lower back. As a result of the torture, he is said
          to be partially paralysed, to be suLering from severe back pain from a lumbar fracture, and is
          reportedly incontinent. On 14 October 2000, aifier a further two months of incommunicado
          detention, he was reportedly released and admitted to Al-Karantina Hospital. No investigation
          into his torture allegations is said to have been carried out. Fears had been expressed that the
          above-named persons could be at risk of torture, other forms of ill-treatment or even death in
          view of the reports received, the incommunicado nature of their detention and the fact that
          prolonged incommunicado detention can in itself constitute cruel, inhuman or degrading
          treatment.
          Mexico
          Urgent appeals
          Human rights activists
          270. On 9 February 2000 the Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on the
          freedom of opinion and expression, sent an urgent appeal to the Government of Mexico
          concerning the death threats received by Juan USpez Villanueva, a lawyer from the Fray
          Bartolom& de las Casas Human Rights Centre.
          271. On 7 July 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent the Government of Mexico an urgent appeal
          in connection with the situation of Arturo Solis, director of CEPRODHAC, in Reynosa,
          Tamaulipas State, bordering on the United States of America. Arturo Solis was allegedly
          accused of defamation by a government body aifier publicizing charges against offcials of the
          National Migration Institute (INM) in Tamaulipas concerning illegal traffficking, extortion and
          ill-treatment of migrants, and concerning the authorities' apparent failure to take measures in
          respect of these complaints. He reportedly lodged complaints with the Offce of the
          Attorney-General of the Republic (PGR), Ministry of Justice of the Republic. According to
          information since received, several witnesses testifying in defence of Arturo Solis, two of whom
          have allegedly retracted their statements, were threatened, one with death. Mr. Solis and his
          family are allegedly being kept under surveillance by unknown individuals in vehicles without
          licence plates. On 9 February 2000, the offfices of the Centre for Border Studies and Promotion
          of Human Rights reportedly received anonymous death threats.
          Journalists
          272. On 26 October 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal, jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression, to the Government of Mexico.
          On 21 October 2000 in Mexico City, Jaime Avil&s, ajournalist with the national daily newspaper
          La Jornada”, allegedly received an e-mail message threatening him with death. OEe source
        
          
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          states that on the same day La Jornada” had published an article in which Jaime Avil&s
          supposedly implicated the governor of the State of Tabasco, Roberto Madrazo Pintado, in
          various corruption cases. According to the source, in May 2000 Jaime Avil&s received another
          threatening e-mail message aifier writing a series of articles on the Government's action in the
          indigenous communities in Chiapas State.
          Peasants
          273. On 1 August 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent the Government an urgent appeal in
          connection with the situation of Marco Antonio Abadicio Mayo, a member of the Sierra del Sur
          Peasant Organization (OCSS), who was allegedly shot and seriously wounded on 21 July 2000,
          by a group of unidentiffied persons, while in the community of Atoyaquillo, municipality of
          Coyuca de Benitez. The source states that despite the lodging of complaints, the competent
          authorities have apparently not opened any investigations. According to the information
          provided by the source, Marco Antonio Abadicio Mayo had previously lodged a complaint
          alleging that he had been threatened and beaten on 12 January 2000 by a group of police off cers
          on the outskirts of the Pueblo Viejo community.
          Indigenous representatives
          274. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal jointly with the Special Rapporteur on
          torture on 13 July 2000 aifier learning that Benito Almaraz Enriquez, Jorcktn Almaraz Silva,
          Arnulfo Almaraz Valencia, Eleno Hern tndez Almaraz, Genaro L6pez Ruiz,
          Jos& Pacheco Contreras, Guillermo Pacheco Pacheco and Silvano Pacheco Pacheco and
          Agustin Pacheco Hern tndez, of the Loxicha region, Oaxaca State, had allegedly been
          sentenced to 40 years' imprisonment on 7 July 2000, following an apparently unfair trial
          which involved confessions made under torture. According to the information, since
          August 1996 more than 130 indigenous zapotecos have been detained and charged with
          membership in the armed opposition group Ej&rcito Popular Revolucionaria (EPR). OEe latest
          arrests allegedly occurred on 25 May 2000 and, according to the source, blows and threats were
          used and no judicial warrant produced. The above-mentioned individuals were allegedly
          detained unoffcially for ffive or six days, during which time they were beaten, tortured with
          electric shocks, threatened with death and forced to sign false confessions. Only 25 of the 60
          originally detained have been sentenced, on charges such as terrorism, conspiracy, attempted
          homicide and keeping ffirearms. Another 47 were reportedly released, but some of them did not
          return to their homes for fear of further abuse. According to the information, despite complaints
          lodged with both the Public Prosecutor's Offfice and the Human Rights Commission, it would
          appear that no investigations are being conducted into the charges of torture, ill-treatment and
          other irregularities, statements having been taken from persons who do not speak Spanish with
          no provision of translators. The detainees' relatives have allegedly suLered intimidation and
          harassment since the detentions and some have leifi their homes in order to ensure their safety.
          Israel Ochoa Lara, defense counsel for the Loxicha prisoners, was allegedly also subjected to
          harassment.
        
          
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          Communications sent
          275. The Special Rapporteur transmitted three allegations of violation of the right to life
          during the period under review. The Special Rapporteur also transmitted several letters to the
          Government of Mexico to follow up previous communications. During the period under review
          the Special Rapporteur transmitted allegations on behalf of the following individuals.
          Human rights activists
          276. Victor Arreola Barrientos, age 53, president of the ejido board representing the Partido de
          la Revoluci6n Democnttica (PRD), was allegedly killed on 12 May 2000 in an ambush carried
          out, according to the source, by a paramilitary group. The source states that the victim's body
          bore 43 gunshot wounds and a coup de grace.
          277. Jos& Angel Martinez Rodriguez, coordinator of the Beta Group in Tenosique-Balanc tn, a
          division of the National Migration Institute, was allegedly killed on 29 November 2000 in an
          attack by organized criminal groups.
          Peasants
          278. According to information received, Jos& Luis Rodriguez was murdered near the
          Tepetixtla river in the municipality of Coyuca de Benitez, Guerrero, on 15 April 2000, in an
          ambush by members of a paramilitary group which the source states is operating in the region.
          The source alleges that, on the night of 20 April, Jose Martinez Ram6n and Felipe Nava G6mez
          were murdered by the same paramilitary group while attempting to cross the Tepetixtla river.
          According to the source, both their heads had been smashed with stones and the men had been
          shot in the back of the neck.
          279. According to information received, Artemio Antonio P&rez was detained in the
          municipality of Mixistlan de la Reforma on 14 July 2000, allegedly on the orders of a Partido
          Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) candidate. The source states that Artemio Antonio P&rez was
          taken to the municipal prison. According to the information received, on 15 July 2000 the
          members of his family were refused permission to visit him. It is stated that Artemio Antonio
          P&rez's family subsequently received his lifeless body, bearing obvious signs of torture.
          Journalists
          280. On 20 May 1997, Jesiis Abel Bueno Le6n, publisher of the weekly newspaper
          Siete Dias”, was allegedly tortured and executed in the municipality of Tixtla, Guerrero, by
          government agents. Jesiis Abel Bueno Le6n allegedly leifi a note in which he cited a number of
          government oLicials as principals in the acts of torture which caused his death.
          281. On 30 August 1997, the body of Rub&n Calder6n Esquer, publisher of the newspaper
          La Montaffia de Nuevo Laredo” Tamaulipas, was found in a ditch at the side of the
          Monterrey-Nuevo Laredo road. It is stated that the competent authorities were informed of his
          disappearance, which had occurred three days earlier, and had been told that it was linked to
          charges of corruption against several public off cials which the newspaper had printed.
        
          
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          282. On 12 February 1998, Luis Mario Garcia Rodriguez, a journalist with the daily
          newspaper La Tarde”, was murdered near a police station in Mexico City. It is stated that the
          murder was prompted by articles which Luis Mario Garcia Rodriguez had written concerning
          alleged corruption in the police force and the Off cc of the Attorney General.
          283. On 23 October 1998 Claudio Cortes Garcia, ajournalist and contributor to the Mexican
          edition of Le Monde Diplomatique” allegedly received several gunshot wounds which led to his
          death. His body was found on the back seat of his car.
          284. On 29 October 1998, Pedro Valle Fern tndez, a radio and television correspondent in
          Guerrero, was allegedly shot in the back of the neck and killed. His body was found on the back
          seat of his car in Puerto de Zihuatanejo, near Acapulco.
          285. On 18 December 1998, journalist Armando Mel&ndez S tnchez allegedly died as a result
          of gunshot wounds which he received while in the company of his wife.
          Follow-up
          286. The Special Rapporteur transmitted follow-up letters to the Government of Mexico
          concerning the cases of the following individuals: Pedro Hern tndez Monjaras, Selerino Jim&nez
          Almaraz and Aureo Mendoza Rosales.
          Communications received
          287. On 21 May 2000, the Government of Mexico provided the Special Rapporteur with
          information about the situation of members of the Centro de Derechos Humanos Miguel Agustin
          Pro Ju5rez, and in particular the case of Digna Ochoa y Placido. The Government of Mexico
          stated that an investigation had been opened and protective measures ordered immediately to
          safeguard the lives and physical integrity of the victims. OEe Government informed the Special
          Rapporteur that on 18 November 1999, Digna Ochoa y Placido accepted the oTher of personal
          protection and that since 4 November 1999 she has been provided with 24-hour police protection
          at the headquarters of the Centro de Derechos Humanos Miguel Agustin Pro Ju5rez.
          288. On 24 May 2000 the Government of Mexico transmitted to the Special Rapporteur
          additional information about the case of Jorge Nava Avil&s. According to the information
          submitted by the Government, on 3 March 1998 four individuals were brought before the ffirst
          district court for federal criminal matters as allegedly responsible for torturing and killing
          Jorge Nava Avil&s and concealing his murder. OEe Government states that several appeals were
          lodged by one of the four individuals, a certain C.P., who was subsequently convicted and
          sentenced to four years, seven months and 14 days of imprisonment plus a ffine. OEe accused
          appealed the sentence, however, and a second court issued ajudgement on 25 June 1999 altering
          the previous decision. The second court found him guilty of concealment but innocent of the
          torture charges and handed down a new sentence of one year, seven months and 15 days of
          imprisonment, with the possibility of substituting a ffine for the prison sentence. OEe
          Government informed the Special Rapporteur that it would send her additional information
          concerning the other accused individuals.
        
          
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          289. On 26 May 2000, the Government of Mexico sent the Special Rapporteur information
          about the case of Arturo Solis, Director of the Centre for Border Studies and Promotion of
          Human Rights (CEPRODHAC) and Juan L6pez Villanueva, an attorney with the legal division
          of the Fray Bartolome de las Casas” Centre for Human Rights. Concerning the latter, the
          Government of Mexico stated that it had informed the Mexican League for the Protection of
          Human Rights that the victims should apply to representatives of the Public Prosecutor's Offce
          and lodge a complaint for appropriate legal action. Concerning the situation of Mr. Arturo Solis,
          the Government of Mexico stated that it had informed the Offce of the Attorney-General in
          Tamaulipas State of Mr. Solis's desire that the investigation of the violations at issue should be
          carried out under the Programme for the Protection of Journalists and Human Rights Defenders.
          On 7 July 2000, the Government of Mexico transmitted to the Special Rapporteur additional
          information regarding the case of Arturo Solis. OEe Government of Mexico stated that
          on 11 July 2000 the Off cc of the Attorney-General of the Republic had instructed the Offfice of
          the Attorney-General in Tamaulipas State to provide the necessary federal judicial police
          protection, which was done immediately.
          290. On 21 July 2000, the Government of Mexico sent the Special Rapporteur information on
          the circumstances surrounding the death of Pedro Valle Hern tndez. According to the
          information provided by the Government, an autopsy showed that the cause of death was
          hypovolaemic shock secondary to a bullet wound caused by a ffirearm. OEe Government stated
          that a complaint was lodged with the Investigating Public Prosecutor of the Ordinary Court of
          the Judicial District of Teniente Jose Azueta, in Zihuatanejo, Guerrero, the body responsible for
          conducting the investigation. On the basis of a preliminary investigation criminal proceedings
          were opened against four persons (whom the Government identiffies in its reply). OEe persons
          concerned were acquitted by the judge in charge of the case in his ffinaljudgement, who decided
          that they were not guilty or criminally responsible for aggravated homicide; the decision was
          appealed. Criminal proceedings remained open in respect of the other three accused persons
          (whom the Government identiffies in its reply), against whom an arrest warrant was issued, for
          the oLence of aggravated homicide committed against Pedro Valle, but which it has not been
          possible to carry out. Lastly, the Government states that, as responsibility for the acts concerned
          has not been proved, it has not been possible to determine whether compensation is appropriate.
          291. On 9 September 2000, the Government of Mexico sent the Special Rapporteur a reply to
          the letter containing the allegation in the case of Jesiis Abel Bueno Le6n. OEe Government
          stated that a complaint had been lodged concerning the death of Jorge Nava Avil&s, and that
          responsibility for the investigation lies with the Offce of the Attorney-General in Guerrero State.
          The Government states that the persons allegedly responsible for the death of Jorge Nava Avil&s
          have been identiffied and are being prosecuted. No charges have been brought as proceedings are
          still at the pre-trial stage, with submission and examination of evidence. The Government
          informs the Special Rapporteur that as soon as any relevant information is received it will be
          forwarded to her.
          292. On 12 September 2000, the Government of Mexico provided the Special Rapporteur with
          information about the case of Luis Mario Garcia Rodriguez. The Government informed the
          Special Rapporteur that an autopsy indicated the cause of death as bullet wounds to the skull,
          thorax and abdomen caused by a ffirearm. OEe Government stated that a complaint had been
          lodged with the representative of the Public Prosecutor's OLice, OLice of the Attorney-General
        
          
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          in the Federal District, which is the body responsible for carrying out the investigations, that
          proceedings were at the stage of pre-trial investigation and completion of the ffile, and that the
          alleged perpetrator had not yet been found.
          293. On 12 September 2000, the Government of Mexico provided the Special Rapporteur with
          information about the case of Claudio Cort&s Garcia. OEe Government informed the Special
          Rapporteur that an autopsy found the cause of death to be asphyxia by hanging. OEe
          Government stated that a complaint was lodged with the representative of the Public
          Prosecutor's OLice attached to the Ordinary Court, the body responsible for investigating such
          facts. According to the information provided by the Government, the investigation is still being
          completed and three persons (whose names are supplied by the Government in its reply) have
          been identiffied as the alleged perpetrators of the oLences of conspiracy, aggravated illegal
          deprivation of liberty and aggravated homicide.
          294. By letter dated 14 September 2000, the Government of Mexico provided the Special
          Rapporteur with information about the situation of Freddy Secundino S tnchez. OEe Government
          of Mexico stated that, once the case had been transmitted to the competent authorities, the
          Judicial Police informed the Federal District Human Rights Commission that several of its units
          had conducted investigations in the complainant's home and adjacent streets for the purpose of
          providing him with the requisite protection.
          295. On 15 September 2000, the Government of Mexico transmitted to the Special Rapporteur
          information about the situation of Marco Abadicio Mayo. The Government stated that, although
          no one had come forward to lodge a complaint regarding the events in question, the authority
          opened an investigation of its own motion and transmitted the ffile to the authority with
          competence to try the case, which, in turn, opened a preliminary investigation in the context of
          which the appropriate steps were taken. The State Attorney-General's Off cc is continuing the
          investigation with a view to obtaining the information required to open the appropriate criminal
          proceedings.
          296. On 30 November 2000, the Government of Mexico sent information concerning the case
          of Jaime Avil&s. OEe Government stated that the Governor's Off cc had informed Jaime Avil&s
          that it was willing to support investigations in the case and provide any protection deemed
          necessary. OEe Legal Affairs Department of the Offce of the Governor of Tabasco State ffirmly
          denies that the Governor of Tabasco State, either himself or through another person, caused,
          promoted, sponsored or conducted any action against any individual such as would contravene,
          inter alia , the right to freedom of expression enshrined in the Constitution”.
          297. On 30 November 2000, the Government of Mexico sent the Special Rapporteur
          information concerning the judgement handed down in the cases of Benito Almaraz Enriquez,
          Jordan Almaraz Silva, Arnulfo Almaraz Valencia, Eleno Hernandez Almaraz, Genaro Lopez
          Ruiz, Jose Pacheco Contreras, Guillermo Pacheco Pacheco, Silvano Pacheco Pacheco and
          Agustin Pacheco Hernandez.
        
          
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          Myanmar
          Urgent appeals
          298. On 5 September 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Myanmar in relation to the arrest of Aung San Suu Kyi and other members of the National
          League for Democracy (NDL) on 2 September 2000. It was reported that Aung San Suu Kyi
          and the other members of the NDL were stopped by members of the security forces
          on 24 August 2000 shortly aifier leaving Yangon. Fears were expressed over the safety of Aung
          San Suu Kyi and the members of the NDL.
          Communications sent
          299. The Special Rapporteur transmitted allegations of violation of the right to life concerning
          the following cases.
          300. It was reported that on 7 April 2000, a group of some 170 soldiers of the State Peace and
          Development Council (SPDC) from Unit IB72 in Loi Kaw township in Karen State, under the
          command of Major Aung Win, entered Kun-Hing township. OEe soldiers then opened ffire on a
          number of farmers who were sheltering in their huts. It is alleged that Lung Sara Wi died
          instantly aifier having been shot in the head. Lung Na-Ling was reportedly wounded in his upper
          right thigh while trying to escape. He reportedly died of his injuries. Zaai Zit-Ta was allegedly
          captured and beaten to death by the soldiers.
          301. It was reported that on 4 June 2000, a group of soldiers surrounded the marketplace in
          Ham Ngaai village and opened ffire indiscriminately on a crowd. Allegedly, Lung Paem was
          killed, and ffive other people wounded in the incident.
          302. According to the information received, on 19 May 2000, a group of soldiers stopped and
          searched the farmer Aa Zer and his family who were on their way home aifier work in the rice
          flelds. When the soldiers started pointing their guns at them, Aa Zer tried to run away,
          whereupon he was shot dead.
          303. It was reported that on 1 June 2000, Aa Ku, a farmer, was captured by a group of six
          soldiers who allegedly beat the man to death near the entrance to his village, Aa Yae.
          304. It was reported that on 11 April 2000, some 100 soldiers under the command of
          Captain Htun Myint searched, looted and burned a camp set up in Kun-Hing by displaced
          farmers from Kun Pan village. When the soldiers arrived, the camp was deserted as the villagers
          had run away. However, Naang Oo, who was mentally and physically handicapped, was unable
          to flee and was captured by the soldiers. It is alleged that Captain Htun Myint tried to interrogate
          Naang Oo. When it became clear that she was unable to answer any questions, the commander
          reportedly beat her and ordered his troops to take her away. It was alleged that a group of
          soldiers gang-raped Naang Oo, aifier which they shot her dead and dumped her body in a stream.
        
          
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          305. According to the information received, Ai Lao, an indigenous tribesman, was beaten to
          death on 27 March 2000 allegedly by soldiers of company 2 of Unit L1B334, near his home in
          the village of Nam Ngaw in Murng-yawng township.
          306. It was reported that during an operation around Lai-Kha on 29 June 2000,
          Captain Myint Oo, commander of army Unit LIB515, ordered Nang Zing U, an 18-year-old
          woman, to come to a hut for questioning. When she resisted, the captain reportedly pulled out
          his pistol and threatened to kill her if she did not obey. It was alleged that he then dragged her to
          the hut, where he raped her. Hearing screams from the hut, Naang Zing U's brother, Zaai Maai,
          ran to her rescue. Captain Myint Oo allegedly shot him dead when he tried to enter the hut.
          307. It was reported that on 12 June 2000, around 12 soldiers of army Unit 1B227, led by
          Lieutenant Mm Oo, were collecting taxes from opium farms in the Paa Khaa Long tract. Two
          farmers, Aa Jur and Ai La, were allegedly shot dead by soldiers as they were reportedly unable
          to pay the taxes demanded.
          308. According to the information received, a group of some 80 soldiers of company S of
          Unit LIB S 14, under the command of Captain Hla Myint, forcibly conscripted 24 civilians as
          porters in early May 2000. OEe civilians were originally from Kung Yom village in Ham Ngaai
          tract in Murng-Kerng township, and had reportedly been forcibly relocated to a site at the
          outskirts of Murng-Kerng town by SPDC troops a few years earlier. It is alleged that at least the
          following four men were beaten to death by SPDC soldiers when they were too exhausted to
          continue their work: Lung Kyawng Lu, Zaai Num, Zaai Su-Ma-Na and Lung Saw-Pc-Ta.
          309. It was reported that in early May 2000, a group of soldiers from company 3 of Unit IB S S,
          under the command of Captain Them Win, captured, detained and raped Naang Kham Leng and
          Naang Zing Nyunt in a military camp in Lai-Kha township. It is alleged that aifier six days of
          ill-treatment and abuse the two girls were taken away by soldiers who shot them dead and
          dumped their bodies in a nearby forest.
          310. It was reported that on 20 January 2000, a group of soldiers from Unit lBS 5, under the
          command of Captain Htun Mya, shot and killed the two farmers, Lung Aw-Zinna and Naang OEa
          Mya, while they were taking cover in their huts. The soldiers reportedly captured Naang Suk
          and took her away to an unknown location where they allegedly raped her. After 90 days she
          was returned to the farm. Five days later she allegedly died as a result of her injuries.
          311. It was reported that on 26 June 2000, soldiers under the command of Captain Win Myint
          were trying to steal an ox from in front of the owner's house in Lai-Kha township. When the
          owner, Lung Kham Leng, saw the soldiers he went outside and told them not to take the animal
          as it was his draught ox. When the soldiers refused to listen, Lung Kham Leng reportedly picked
          up a stick and hit the soldier who was pulling the ox with a rope. In response, one of the
          soldiers, Corporal Tin Hla, allegedly shot and killed Lung Kham Leng.
        
          
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          Namibia
          Communications sent
          312. The Special Rapporteur transmitted to the Government of Namibia one allegation of the
          violation of the right to life on behalf of Elias Florindo Chimuco. According to the information
          received, on 14 June 2000, Elias Florindo Chimuco was arrested in the Kavango region,
          allegedly by a military unit of the special fleld forces. It was reported that Elias Florindo
          Chimuco was held in custody until 3 July 2000 when he was taken to the Rundu state hospital
          where he died of starvation. It is alleged that he did nor receive any food during the period of his
          detention.
          Nepal
          Urgent appeals
          313. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 9 May 2000 on behalf of
          Laxmi Mubdari who had been held in detention at Morang Prison since her arrest
          on 31 January 2000 in Biratnagar. It was reported that Laxmi Mubdari was allegedly
          removed from Morang Prison by police off cers on 23 April 2000. Since then her whereabouts
          are unknown. OEe Special Rapporteur expressed her concern that the woman's life might be in
          danger.
          Communications sent
          314. The Special Rapporteur transmitted four allegations of violations of the right to life to the
          Government of Nepal concerning the following cases.
          315. According to reports, in March 2000 the bodies of Sita Pun, Sirjana Pun, Bal Badbra
          Thapa and Ram Bahadur Kharki Chetri were recovered from an abandoned police station at
          Simrutu, Rukum district. Sita Pun, 13 years old, and Sirjana Pun, 16 years old, were arrested
          on 3 January 2000. It is reported that Bal Badhra OEapa and Ram Bahadur Kharki Chetri were
          allegedly taken into custody at the police station on 1 February 2000 and on 27 January 2000,
          respectively. All of them reportedly died in custody as a result of torture or deliberate killing.
          316. According to reports, on 26 May 2000, Bhaghawati Chaudhari, a 17-year-old girl, was
          reportedly killed by police at Urma village, Kailali district. According to the information
          received, the police had been in pursuit of some 25 members of the OEaru National Liberation
          Front (TNLF), reported to be an organization affliated with the Communist Party of Nepal
          (Maoist), who had attacked an Indian businessman and tried to extort money from him. OEe
          police caught up with the group at Urma village and a three-to-four-hour ffireffight ensued.
          Several TNLF members managed to escape whilst the police reportedly teargassed the house in
          which the remaining members were hiding and set it on ffire. Bhaghawati Chaudhari came out of
          the house and reportedly shouted at the police not to kill her friends. OEe police reportedly
          questioned her for a long time and subsequently shot her. According to the source, her body had
          ffive bullet wounds, three in the chest, two on her hands, suggesting that she might have tried to
          protect herself
        
          
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          317. According to reports, on 22 February 2000, Tika Ram Wali, Bhadra Bahadur Khadaka,
          Paraveer Khadaka, La! Rahadur Khadaka, Kaxmi Khadaka, Khadaga Bahadur Khadaka,
          Govinda Bahadur Khadaka, Dcvi La! Khadaka, Trivan Wa!i, Gopa! Khatri Chetri,
          Deurup Khatrichetri, Hemanta Khatri, Dhana Bahadur Wa!i, La! Bahadur Wa!i and Tikaram
          Khatri were reported!y ki!!ed by the po!ice in Khara Vi!!age District Counci! (VDC), Rukum.
          318. According to the information received, Li!a Shrestha, a mi!itary guard at the
          te!ecommunication tower of Jerung VDC-9, So!ukhumbu district, and resident of Marekatahare,
          Dhankuta district, was reported!y shot dead by po!icemen from the Pata!e po!ice post at Kerung
          VDC.
          Communications received
          319. The Specia! Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the ffina!ization of this report the
          Government had not transmitted any rep!y to her communications.
          Nicaragua
          Urgent appea!s
          320. The Specia! Rapporteur sent an urgent appea! to the Government of Nicaragua
          on 30 March concerning the death threats reported!y received by Vi!ma Nuffiez de Escorcia,
          Chairperson of the Nicaraguan Centre for Human Rights ( Centro Nicaraguense de Derechos
          Humanos) . It was reported that Vi!ma Nuffiez de Escorcia had received severa! death threats,
          a!!eged!y from members of the po!ice, owing to the investigations she is carrying out into the
          murders of members of the Frente Unido Andr&s Castro (FUAC) on 16 March 2000.
          Communications received
          321. On 15 May 2000 the Government of Nicaragua transmitted to the Specia! Rapporteur
          information concerning the case of Vi!ma Nuffiez de Escorcia. OEe Government reported that
          there were no threats to her safety and that the Court of Appea!, Crimina! Chamber, did not order
          her detention or any action that cou!d p!ace her physica! integrity in danger.
          Nigeria
          Communications sent
          322. The Specia! Rapporteur tansmitted one a!!egation to the Government of Nigeria
          concerning the case of Barinaadua Jung!e Gbaraka who was reported!y shot dead on 11 Apri!,
          a!!eged!y by po!ice offcers, during a raid on K-Dere vi!!age, Ogoni!and, south-west Nigeria.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
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          Oman
          Urgent appeals
          323. The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 13 November 2000. According to the
          information received, on 7 November 2000, Habib bin Jum'a bin Sulayman, Ahmed bin Habib
          bin Jum'a, Mohammad bin Habib bin Jum'a, Faisal bin Hilal bin Salem and Najeeb bin
          Mahfoudh were sentenced to death by a criminal court in Muscat. OEey were accused of
          murdering three owners of a j ewellery store during a burglary in September. According to the
          information received, this sentence has to be ratiffied by a legal committee, of which the
          Grand Muifii is a member, and by the Sultan before it can be carried out. It is reported that the
          committee invariably upholds the decision of the criminal court. It was also reported that under
          Omani law it is not possible to appeal death sentences for premeditated murder.
          Pakistan
          324. The Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on the independence of
          judges and lawyers and the Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and
          expression, expressed by letters addressed to the Governments of Pakistan and India
          on 6 October 2000 their concerns over an increasing number of reports regarding human rights
          violations relevant to their respective mandates in certain parts of those countries. The Special
          Rapporteurs stated that country visits would enable them to evaluate the situation and reach an
          independent assessment of the reports and allegations received, and to formulate pertinent
          recommendations to be placed before the Governments of both countries.
          Urgent appeals
          325. The Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and
          expression, sent an urgent appeal to the Government of Pakistan on 10 August 2000 in order to
          draw its urgent attention to information concerning death threats received by Inayat-ul-Haq
          Yasini, a journalist at the Pushto-language daily Wahdat based in Peshawar (north-west
          Pakistan). It had been reported that Inayat-ul-Haq Yasini had received threatening telephone
          calls since he published, on 26 June 2000, a survey based on the comments of Afghan refugees
          and their leaders in refugee camps in north-west Pakistan. It is reported that the anonymous
          caller had told him that the article was too favourable to General Al-Maroof Shariati, leader of
          the Afghanistan National Council for Peace” (an opposition party in exile). According to the
          information received, Mr. Yasini had already been threatened, allegedly by an anonymous
          person who said he was calling from the Taliban”. It is alleged that Mr. Yasini also received
          an anonymous letter telling him not to favour the movement of General Al-Maroof Shariati” if
          he did not want to pay the OEigh price”: We would not be responsible for what might happen to
          those who support this party funded by the CIA”.
          326. On 14 August the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal to the Government of
          Pakistan concerning more than 12 people who were reportedly killed and 30 others injured
          on 10 August 2000 by a car bomb allegedly set by the Hizbul Mujahideen, a guerrilla group
          reportedly based in Pakistan. OEe killings took place outside a branch of the State Bank of India
          in Srinagar, Kashmir. It was also reported that the Hizbul Mujahideen claimed responsibility for
        
          
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          killing 12 soldiers in an attack on an Indian army base carried out on 8 August 2000. The
          Special Rapporteur received reports which claimed that these attacks were the ffirst in a
          series of attacks that took place aifier the Government of India agreed to talks with the
          Hizbul Mujahideen. OEe Special Rapporteur urged the Government of Pakistan to ensure that
          all possible steps would be taken in order to avoid such incidents so as to protect the safety and
          security of civilians, even within the territory of another State, in accordance with international
          human rights and humanitarian law standards.
          Communications sent
          327. The Special Rapporteur transmitted three allegations of violation of the right to life to the
          Government concerning the following individuals:
          (a) Saqi Jan, Mohammed Ramzan, Wazir Mohammed, Jumma Khan and
          Barkat Khan, reportedly killed during an exchange of ffire with the local police in Pushtoonabad,
          Quetta, Baluchistan;
          (b) Nadeem Akhtar, arrested in Faisalabad, Punjab. According to the information
          received, he died while in police custody as a result of torture;
          (c) Ishaq Saqi, arrested on 21 March 2000. It was reported that Ishaq Saqi, who
          was diabetic, did not receive the required dose of insulin while in prison. He reportedly died
          on 12 April 2000 at the District Jail in Dera Ghazi Khan.
          Communications received
          328. On 30 August the Government of Pakistan informed the Special Rapporteur, regarding
          the killings in Srinagar, Kashmir, that Pakistan has repeatedly condemned all attacks that result
          in the killing of civilians, and has been calling for their investigation by an impartial third party.
          The Government stated that it shared the Special Rapporteur's concerns over the safety and
          security of civilians in the area.
          Observations
          329. The Special Rapporteur issued a press release on 17 August 2000 urging the
          Governments of Pakistan and India to investigate the outbreak of violence in Kashmir which left
          over 100 persons dead. OEe Special Rapporteur also called on the Government of India to
          conduct a high-level independent inquiry into the 1 August killing of over 85 people in the
          Kashmiri villages of Pahalgam, Anantnag and Pogal. Reports following the attack have linked
          the Hizbul Mujahideen and Indian security forces to the deaths. In appealing to the two
          Governments, the Special Rapporteur said that the recent violence imperils the nascent peace
          process in Kashmir and delays one key dividend of such a process: an end to arbitrary and
          summary killings in that tortured land”.
        
          
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          Peru
          Urgent appeals
          330. The Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal to the Government of Peru
          on 17 April 2000 concerning the death threats received by Jorge Efntn Martinez, a lawyer for the
          Rondas Campesinas (peasants' self-defence patrol) in Frias district, Morrop5n province. He was
          reportedly accused of encouraging the members of the Rondas Campesinas to protest against the
          provincial prosecutor.
          331. On 20 June and 4 July 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the
          Government of Peru about the situation of Jesiis Agreda Palacios, Chairman of the Association
          for the Protection of Human Rights in the Department of Tacna, who allegedly received several
          death threats on 12 June 2000. It is reported that the wife of Jes is Agreda Palacios received a
          telephone call from an anonymous caller, who said: If your husband did not want to die, he
          should have dropped the Pachia case”. OEe source reports that the threats are linked to the death
          of Nelson Diaz Marcos, who died, presumably in police custody, in the town of Pachia, and
          whose case was being handled by Jesiis Agreda Palacios.
          332. On 28 August 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an appeal jointly with the Special
          Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression about the situation of the
          journalist and director of La Raz6n” radio programme on radio station Arpegio in Iquitos,
          James Beuzebille, who was allegedly approached in the department of Loreto by four individuals
          who threatened to kill him if he continued to criticize a well-known tour operator. It is reported
          that James Beuzebille criticized the tour operator for his attitude towards the mayor of the town
          of Maynas. OEe threat allegedly took place at the door of his house on 17 August 2000. It is
          reported that, earlier, on 15 August 2000, four individuals were seen near the radio station offfice
          taking photographs of persons entering and leaving the building.
          Communications sent
          333. The Special Rapporteur transmitted one allegation of violation of the right to life of
          William Juan Ja&n Jim&nez. It was reported that William Juan Ja&n Jim&nez, 24 years of age and
          imprisoned in Lurigancho penitentiary, was shot dead by guards on 29 February, allegedly in the
          course of an operation to restore order following protests by inmates.
          Communications received
          334. On 27 June 2000, the Government of Peru informed the Special Rapporteur about the
          situation of Jorge Farfitn Martinez and Higinio Castillo Calle. The Government reported that the
          Morrop6n Mixed Provincial Court transmitted a letter from the non-governmental organization
          Coordinadora Nacional de Derechos Humanos” (National Human Rights Coordinating Body) to
          the provincial prosecutor in Ayabaca calling for the adoption of action within his jurisdiction in
          connection with the alleged commission of the oLence of abuse of authority by police offficers
          from Frias police station, the results of which will be reported in due course.
        
          
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          335. On 27 July and 11 September 2000, the Government of Peru transmitted information to
          the Special Rapporteur about the death of William Juan Ja&n Jim&nez, as well as additional
          information in that regard. In its second communication, the Government reported that,
          according to the report on the autopsy conducted on 16 March 2000, William Juan Ja&n Jim&nez
          died as a result of acute irreversible brain damage. The Government also reported that no
          complaint had been ffiled in connection with the incident and that no judicial investigation is
          being conducted, since the Attorney-General's off cc concluded that Peruvian Government
          employees, civil servants and offcials had not committed any wrongful and/or culpable act in
          connection with the death of the inmate in question.
          336. In a letter dated 27 July 2000, the Government of Peru transmitted the report prepared by
          the Peruvian National Human Rights Council to the Special Rapporteur on the death threats
          allegedly received by Jesiis Agreda Palacios, Chairman of the Asociaci6n de Defensa de los
          Derechos Humanos (Association for the Protection of Human Rights) (ADDEH). According to
          that report and with regard to the death threats received by Jesiis Agreda Palacios, the
          Government reported that a complaint had been ffiled in the Tacna Second Provincial Criminal
          Court against two police offcers (whom the Government identiffies in its reply) for the offence of
          torture and against the judiciary for omitting the communication on the commission of an
          oLence. In relation to the alleged death threats received by Jesiis Agreda Palacios, the
          Government informed the Special Rapporteur on 28 August 2000 that the proceedings had been
          transferred to the Tacna Sub-Prefecture for the adoption of action to guarantee the personal
          integrity of the victim and his family. No information on the implementation of such measures
          has yet been made available.
          337. On 20 January 2000, the Government of Peru reported to the Special Rapporteur on the
          situation of Mr. Juan Sausa Secl&n, who had allegedly received death threats. OEe Government
          stated that, on 18 October 1999, the Peruvian National Police set up a security unit at his home
          and that an investigation was opened, despite the fact that Mr. Sausa Secl&n signed a document
          expressly stating that he did not accept the protection service and wanted to keep his sources of
          information conffidential.
          Phffppines
          Urgent appeals
          338. On 20 September 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent action to the Government
          of the Philippines. According to the information received, on 16 September 2000,
          the Philippines Armed Forces launched an operation against bases of the armed separatist group
          Abu Sayyaf on the Island of Job. It was reported that local villagers fled their homes as
          bombings continued on the island, and there were concerns that civilians could be in serious
          danger as a result of these armed activities. In this connection, the Special Rapporteur recalled
          that under international law exceptional circumstances, such as internal political instability, may
          not be invoked to justify any derogation from the right to life and security of the person.
        
          
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          339. In view of the developments on the Island of Job, the Special Rapporteur reminded the
          Government of its obligation to protect the civilian population, to ensure the safety and physical
          integrity of all persons, and to guarantee that security forces carry out their tasks in strict
          compliance with international human rights and humanitarian law standards.
          Communications received
          340. OEe Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the ffinalization of this report the
          Government had not transmitted any reply to her communications.
          Russian Federation
          Urgent appeals
          341. On 3 March 2000, the Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on
          violence against women, the Chairman-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Arbitrary
          Detention, the Representative of the Secretary-General on internally displaced persons and the
          Special Rapporteur on torture, sent an urgent appeal concerning allegations received of massive
          human rights violations in Chechnya. OEe Special Rapporteur expressed her concern over
          reports of extrajudicial executions, allegedly committed by Russian troops, of numerous
          civilians during military operations or raids and searches of villages.
          342. On 19 September 2000, the Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on
          torture, the Chairman-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention and the
          Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression sent an urgent appeal
          regarding the case of Ruslan Alikhadzhiyev, the speaker of the Chechen separatist Republic of
          Incheria” Parliament, who was reportedly taken from his home in the Chechen town of Shah by
          Russian government forces on 17 May 2000. It was believed that his arrest was connected to his
          position as speaker. It was also reported that at a press brieffing on 25 May, the deputy chief of
          the Russian army general staff, General Valery Manilov, confirmed that Mr. Alikhadzhiyev had
          been captured. He was reportedly ffirst taken to a Russian military intelligence facility in the
          Chechen town of Argun. On an unspeciffied date, he was allegedly transferred to a prison in
          Moscow, possibly the Lefortovo prison run by the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB),
          where he was believed to be held incommunicado. According to the information received, the
          Prosecutor General's Office told Mr. Alikhadzhiyev's lawyer that no criminal charges had been
          ffiled against him. The FSB denied that Mr. Alikhadzhiyev had ever been held in the
          above-mentioned prison. The Ministry of Internal Affairs has reportedly indicated that his name
          does not appear in its computerized register of people detained in the Russian Federation.
          Finally, it is reported that on 3 August 2000, the Prosecutor's Offce in the Chechen Republic
          informed Mr. Alikhadzhiyev's lawyer that the Shah District Prosecutor had begun a criminal
          investigation into the kidnapping of Ruslan Alikhadzhiyev.
          Communications sent
          343. According to the information received, Aindi Kovtorashvilli was detained
          on 11 January 2000 and transferred from Tolstoiyurt to Chernokozovo. It is reported that
        
          
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          soldiers ordered him to run between two lines of soldiers with his hands behind his head while he
          was being hit with batons and kicked. Aindi Kovtorashvilli reportedly died from the beatings
          received from the soldiers.
          344. It is reported that on 19 January 2000, in Staropromyslovski district, Grozny,
          Mariam Goigova was lying in a wheelbarrow begging for help aifier having been wounded by a
          Russian soldier when another Russian soldier who was passing by allegedly shot her in the head.
          345. According to the information received, on 21 January 2000, Larisa Jabrailova and two
          unknown persons were stopped and questioned by Russian soldiers in Staropromyslovski
          district, Grozny. The soldiers allegedly ordered the women to cover their faces with scarves and
          took them to a house on Koltsova Street. OEe women were told that the police had their base in
          that building. As they were entering the yard of the house the women reportedly removed the
          scarves, whereupon the soldiers opened ffire, immediately killing all three women.
          346. According to the information received, Hass-Magomet Estimorov, Toita Estimorova,
          Hassan Estimorov and Hozh-Akbmed Estimorov were reportedly killed by Russian soldiers
          on 5 February in Oktyabrski district, Grozny. It was reported that the soldiers tried to burn the
          bodies.
          347. It was reported that a large group of Russian soldiers, possibly more than 100, entered
          Aldi district, southern Grozny, and murdered civilians in their homes and on the streets. Soldiers
          reportedly looted and burned numerous houses and demanded money from civilians, sometimes
          promising to spare their lives if they agreed to pay. The following individuals were allegedly
          killed by Russian soldiers in Aldi district, on 5 February: Akhmed Abalkhanov, Rakhaash
          Akhmadova, Musa Akhmadov, Ziyardi Akhmerzoyev, Aindi Azuyev, Shamkham Baigiriyev,
          Sultan Dzabrailov, Vakha Dzhambekov Betersultanovich, Akhmed Eldarbiev, Ramzan
          Ekmurzayev, Alvi Ganayev, Salambek Ganayev, Magomet Gaitayev, Koka Gerikhanova,
          Ali Hadjimuradov Germanovich, Sultan Idigov, Vakha Khakimov, Umar Kudozov,
          Musa Kudozov, Zina Labazaneva, Saalam Makhamadov, Abdul Makhamadov, Umar Musayev,
          Yakub Musayev, Suleiman Musayev, Abdukakhman Musayev, Yusup Musayev,
          Avalu Sugaipov Saudiyevich, Abdurakhman Tasuyev, Sultan Temirov, Said-Acbmedovich,
          Hanpasha Yakhyayev Sultanovich, Mussa Yakhyayaev and one unknown person.
          348. According to the information received, on 6 February 2000 Adlan Israilov, Aslambek
          Israilov, Turpal Israilov, Alik (family name not known) and Musa (family name not known)
          were killed, allegedly by troops of the Russian Ministry of Internal ALairs, in Gekhi-Chu
          village, south-west of Grozny. It is reported that on that date the troops entered the village and
          ordered the residents to show their documents. Some of the soldiers reportedly took Adlan
          Israilov, Turpal Israilov and Alik out from a cellar and allegedly shot them dead. It was reported
          that Musa was killed by soldiers in the same incident. OEe father of Musa reportedly had to
          pay 400 roubles in order to recover his son's body.
          349. It was reported that on 10 February 2000 a large group of Russian soldiers entered
          Staropromyslovski district and murdered civilians in their homes and on the streets. According
          to the information received soldiers looted and burned numerous houses. The following
          individuals reportedly lost their lives in the incident: Magomet Goigov, Risvan Taimaskhanov,
        
          
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          Khamid Khashiev, Shema Inderbiyeva, Asian Tungoyev, Zina Tungoyeva, Mussa Gutsigov,
          Ah Yansurkayev, Rumisa Yansurkayeva, Adem Shamiiov, Lioma Shamiiov and an unknown
          person.
          350. According to the information received, Kosym Reshiev, Natasha Chernova and
          three unknown persons were kiiied by Russian soidiers in Staropromysiovski district,
          on 19 February 2000. It had been reported that in the aifiernoon of 19 February four women and
          two men were sheitering in a ceiiar in Neftynaya Street. OEey reportediy heard shooting outside
          the ceiiar. The peopie in the ceiiar reportediy yeiied out to the soidiers, begging them not to
          shoot. OEe soidiers aiiegediy ordered them to come out with their hands up. When they came
          out of the ceiiar they aiiegediy saw six soidiers in the yard. One of them reportediy heid a
          grenade with the pin aiready puiied out. OEe soidiers reportediy accused the group of hiding
          Chechen ffighters, which they denied, saying that they were oniy civihans. The soidiers
          reportediy toid the group to return to the ceiiar and not to come out untii the evening. According
          to reports, right aifier they went back down into the ceiiar, the soidiers threw in severai hand
          grenades kiiiing Kosym Reshiev, Natasha Chernova and three unknown persons.
          351. According to the information received, Zhebir Turpaikhanov was detained in Aprii 2000
          and transferred to an encampment near Toistoi-Yurt. It is reported that he aiiegediy was severeiy
          beaten for ffive days whiie in detention. Zhebir Turpaikhanov reportediy died from the beatings
          received from the guards of the encampment.
          Rwanda
          Communications sent
          352. OEe Speciai Rapporteur transmitted one aiiegation of vioiation of the right to iife
          concerning Aioys Rurangangabo who was aiiegediy kiiied by a hand grenade thrown by a
          member of the security forces on 14 January 2000 in Gakoni, Murambi commune, Umutara.
          353. OEe Speciai Rapporteur aiso transmitted an aiiegation of vioiation of the right to hfe of a
          man named Boiembo, his wife and ffive of their chiidren who were shot dead, aiiegediy by
          soidiers, on 7 June 2000 in Tshopo commune.
          Saudi Arabia
          354. OEe Speciai Rapporteur received a repiy from the Government of Saudi Arabia
          concerning aiiegations of vioiations of the right to hfe transmitted by the Speciai Rapporteur
          in 1999. The Speciai Rapporteur weicomes the communication and encourages the Government
          of Saudi Arabia to continue its cooperation with her mandate.
          Communications received
          355. In its repiy to the aiiegations sent by the Speciai Rapporteur on the cases of
          Ahmad ai-Mubaibii and Muhammad ai-Hayek, the Government informed the Speciai Rapporteur
          that an investigation into the two cases had estabiished that the cause of the death of
        
          
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          Mr. al-Mubalbil was congestive heart failure due to complications arising from diabetes. OEe
          Government stated that he had never mentioned any health problems to the authorities
          concerned. The Department of Public Prosecutions is the body responsible for conducting a full
          investigation if there is any evidence of a criminal act. With regard to Mr. al-Hayek, the
          Government reported that the medical reports confirm that he died as a result of a sudden heart
          attack. According to the Government, he was never subjected to anything that could be regarded
          as a form of cruel or degrading treatment and that there was nothing to suggest that he did not die
          of natural causes.
          Spain
          Communications sent
          356. OEe Special Rapporteur sent a communication to the Government of Spain in connection
          with the death of Antonio Augusto Fonseca, a 32-year-old Guinean citizen who reportedly died
          in detention in the Arrecife, Lanzarote, police station. He was allegedly arrested and taken to the
          police station in Arrecife on 20 May 2000. OEe source reports that his death was the result of the
          beating he received in police custody. The Special Rapporteur received information on the
          opening of the judicial investigation and requested the Government of Spain to transmit the
          results of the investigation to her.
          Communications received
          357. On 1 December 2000, the Government of Spain sent the Special Rapporteur information
          on the case of Antonio Augusto Fonseca Mendes. OEe Government informed the
          Special Rapporteur that the death of Antonio Augusto Fonseca Mendes did not occur as a result
          of the beating he received while in police custody. OEe Government reports that three forensic
          studies of the body were carried out. OEe ffirst autopsy was conducted by the chief forensic
          medical offcer in Arrecife, who stated that death was from natural causes and ruled out any type
          of disease. The second autopsy was carried out at the request of the family of the deceased and
          indicated an alleged blow on the right side of the neck as a possible cause of the death. OEe third
          forensic report, which was written by the same doctor who had prepared the ffirst report, but on
          the basis of the report of the National Toxicology Institute, indicates an acute pulmonary oedema
          as the cause of death, which was referred to in the reply by the Government of Spain as a natural
          death. OEe Government reports that an investigation has been opened by the examining
          magistrate in Arrecife de Lanzarote. The Government reports that, at the current stage of the
          investigation, there are no indications of any responsibility on the part of the two national police
          offcers who carried out the arrest of Antonio Augusto Fonseca Mendes. To date, no penalty has
          been imposed on the police oLicers because the report by the Personnel and Services Inspector
          in the Offce of the Secretary of State for Security shows that there was no irregularity of any
          kind in the conduct of the police.
        
          
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          Sri Lanka
          Urgent appeals
          358. OEe Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 3 February jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression concerning the death
          threats allegedly received by member of Parliament and lawyer, Jayalath Jayawardene. It was
          reported that Mr. Jayawardene had been receiving threatening telephone calls since he was
          accused of facilitating contacts between the United National Party (UNP) and the Liberation
          Tigers of Tamil Elam (LTTE). OEe Special Rapporteurs had been informed that
          Jayalath Jayawardene had been followed on several occasions by persons who threatened him.
          359. OEe Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 30 May 2000 expressing concern over
          reports received about the safety of civilians in the JaLna peninsula aifier the reported escalation
          of fighting in Sri Lanka. It was reported that thousands of civilians had been displaced and that
          their lives might be in danger as a result of the armed activity in the region. According to the
          information received, on 19 May 2000 a home for elderly people in Kaithaddy in the eastern part
          of JaLna peninsula was hit by artillery shells. It was reported that 15 elderly people were killed
          and 32 wounded in the attack. It was further reported that the wounded could not receive proper
          medical treatment because of the shortage of medical facilities due to the economic embargo on
          this area. The Special Rapporteur urged the Government of Sri Lanka to ensure that the military
          forces take all possible steps to protect the safety and security of civilians and persons
          hors de combat when conducting their operations in the Jaffna peninsula, in accordance with
          international human rights and humanitarian law standards.
          Communications sent
          360. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted allegations of violations of the right to life of the
          following individuals:
          (a) Sarathambal Saravanbavananthakurukal, reportedly gang-raped and killed
          on 28 December 1999, allegedly by members of the Sri Lankan navy, in Pungudutivu, near the
          JaLna peninsula;
          (b) Kumar Ponnambalam, criminal lawyer and the President of the All Ceylon Tamil
          Congress shot dead on 5 January 2000 while driving his car at Wellawatte.
          361. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation concerning 15 unidentiffied prisoners in
          ward C of the new Kalutara remand prison who were reportedly attacked on 7 January 2000 by
          prison offcials. It was reported that the previous day, an incident had taken place in ward F and
          some of the detainees in ward C wanted to meet with the superintendent. It was alleged that they
          were not allowed to go and when they objected, they were attacked by prison guards who opened
          ffire. One of the detainees died as a result of a gunshot injury.
        
          
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          362. OEe Special Rapporteur also transmitted an allegation concerning the above-mentioned
          incident in which 15 unidentiffied persons were reportedly killed and 31 wounded
          on 19 May 2000 in a home for the aged in Kaithady, east of JaLna town, when it was hit by
          artillery shells.
          363. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation concerning the case of Ganesh
          Chandrakanthan who had been arrested by the police on 4 June 2000. It was reported that
          on 7 June 2000 the police told his family that he had been killed by a grenade he had set oL
          when he was being arrested. OEe police reportedly refused to release his body unless his
          relatives signed a statement confirming that Ganesh Chandrakanthan was a member of the
          LTTE. It was alleged that his body was buried by police in the Kantalai cemetery without the
          presence of his family.
          364. OEe Special Rapporteur sent an allegation on behalf of 26 young Tamil men aged
          between 14 and 23, suspected of membership in the LTTE, who were undergoing rehabilitation
          in a camp. OEe men were killed on 25 October 2000 as a result of injuries sustained when a mob
          of hundreds of people from nearby villages attacked them. OEe villagers, all members of the
          Singhalese community, were reportedly armed with clubs, machetes and other similar
          implements. It was alleged that police off cers deployed at the rehabilitation camp did not
          intervene to protect the inmates. There are further allegations that some of the police were
          involved in inciting the villagers, or assisted them in entering the camp.
          Communications received
          365. On S May 2000, the Government of Sri Lanka informed the Special Rapporteur about the
          case of a police offcer and a civilian charged in connection with the disappearance of six young
          men in December 1988. The Government stated that the trial was proceeding aifier the
          presentation of the indictment to the High Court of Colombo by the Attorney-General's
          Department.
          366. On 20 June 2000, the Government of Sri Lanka informed the Special Rapporteur about
          the massive attacks launched by the LTTE. The Government pointed out that its
          law-enforcements forces had been able to thwart repeated attempts by the LTTE to launch
          large-scale attacks in the JaLna peninsula. OEe law-enforcement agencies together with the local
          administration and civil society organizations had made arrangements to ensure essential
          services and the safety of the civilian population.
          367. On 10 November 2000, the Government of Sri Lanka informed the Special Rapporteur
          about the incident at Bindunuwewa Rehabilitation Centre, Bandarawela. OEe Government stated
          that the relevant law-enforcement authorities and the independent Human Rights Commission of
          Sri Lanka had undertaken immediate investigations into this incident, and that the competent
          authorities were taking action against those identiffied through these preliminary investigations.
          On 6 December 2000, the Government transmitted complementary information concerning the
          case. In its communication the Government reported that 13 police offcers who were close to
          the Rehabilitation Centre during the attack, 2 voluntary army offcers who were in charge of the
          Centre and 17 villagers had been detained pending further investigation. The 13 police off cers
          had been suspended, pending investigations.
        
          
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          368. On 13 December 2000, the Government of Sri Lanka informed the Special Rapporteur
          about the alleged attack on the home for the aged at Kaithady, JaLna. The Government
          authorities regretted the incident and had taken action to move the inmates and personnel to safer
          areas.
          369. On 13 December 2000, the Government of Sri Lanka informed the Special Rapporteur
          about the alleged death threats to the life of Jayalath Jayawardena. According to the
          Government, the Criminal Investigations Department had inquired into these allegations and had
          not been able to pursue its investigations in the absence of speciffic information or evidence with
          regard to the alleged threatening telephone calls to Mr. Jayawardena. OEe law-enforcement
          authorities had conducted a further threat assessment concerning the personal security of
          Mr. Jayawardena which indicated that there was no speciffic threat against him. OEe Government
          stated that Mr. Jayawardena had been provided with security at State expense and he was able to
          perform the normal functions of a member of Parliament.
          Observations
          370. OEe Special Rapporteur welcomes the replies transmitted by the Government of
          Sri Lanka and encourages the Government to continue cooperating with the thematic
          mechanism. OEe Special Rapporteur would like to express her deep concern over increasing
          reports of actions allegedly carried out by members of the security forces in which a large
          number of civilians have lost their lives.
          Sudan
          Communications sent
          371. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation of violation of the right to life
          of 14 individuals who were reportedly killed on 8 February 2000. It was reported that
          Roda Ismail, Kadro Ruza Dabiel, Munira Khamis, Randa Abualla, William Abualia,
          Maima Tutu, Kaka Ali, Tabitha Hamdam, Francis Peter, Hamid Yousif, Hydar Osman,
          Kubi Yousif, Bashir Ismail, Osman Rajab and Kuri Abdel Gadir were killed as a result of an air
          strike allegedly carried out by the Sudanese air force in the Nuba Mountains. It is further
          reported that in this incident a Catholic school was completely destroyed and the teacher and the
          children who were attending class were killed.
          372. It has been alleged that one unidentiffied woman and one unidentiffied girl were killed as
          a result of an air strike allegedly carried out by the Sudanese air force in the town of Rumbek
          on 2 July 2000.
          Communications received
          373. On 30 November 2000, the Government of the Sudan informed the Special Rapporteur
          concerning allegations of extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions in the Sudan. The
          Government stated that these allegations concerned an incident alleged to have taken place in a
          rebel-controlled area, Rumbek; therefore, no information had been reported to the government
          authorities. According to the information received from the authorities, no aerial bombardments
        
          
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          were launched by the government forces in Rumbek on 2 July 2000. The Government is ready
          to receive complaints, if any, from the relatives of the alleged victims and to pay compensation
          ( diiya ) as prescribed by the Sudanese Criminal Act if genuine cases have been proved.
          Tajfiuistan
          Urgent appeals
          374. OEe Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 18 April 2000 concerning the case of
          Dilfuza Numonova who was reportedly sentenced to death by Dushanbe City Court in
          January for the shooting of her lover, Kamil Kurbanov, in 1999. Dilfuza Numonova stated that
          her confession had been extracted under duress and that she did not kill Kamil Kurbanov. It was
          also reported that she had been forced to have an abortion in late January while in prison. The
          Special Rapporteur was informed that under Tajik law pregnant women may not be executed.
          Ms. Numonova was reportedly beaten several times in pre-trial detention. According to the
          source her health has deteriorated seriously.
          Communications received
          375. On 29 July 2000, the Government of Tajikistan informed the Special Rapporteur about
          the case of Numonova Dilfuza, sentenced to death by the Dushanbe City Court for murder. OEe
          Government stated that the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Tajikistan has
          commuted the death sentence to 15 years' imprisonment.
          Tunisia
          Communications
          376. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted one allegation of violation of the right to life on
          behalf on Chaker Azzoui, who reportedly died as a result of torture and ill-treatment inflicted by
          the police at a detention centre in Hammamet.
          377. According to the information received, El Id Ben Salah was allegedly beaten for four
          hours by his fellow inmates in Gafsa prison and died as a result of the ill-treatment inflicted on
          him. OEe police reportedly did not intervene.
          Communications received
          378. OEe Government of Tunisia informed the Special Rapporteur about the case of
          Mrs. Radhia Nasraoui, who, together with other persons, is involved in a case of unlawful
          association, oLences against public order, the distribution of pamphlets designed to disturb
          public order, the publication of false information and the holding of unlawful meetings, which
          are characterized as ordinary oLences in Tunisian law and have no connection with her alleged
          human rights activities. OEe Government reported that the proceedings against Mrs. Nasraoui
          took place entirely in keeping with the provisions of the Tunisian Code of Criminal Procedure
          which protect the rights of the defence.
        
          
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          Turkey
          Communications sent
          379. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation of violation of the right to life of a
          person while in police custody. According to the information received, on 14 August 1993
          Abdulvahap Timurtas, a Kurd from south-east Turkey, was taken into custody by security forces.
          It was alleged that he has not been seen since. It is reported that the European Court of Human
          Rights had established that the Turkish State and its agents were liable for the death of
          Abdulvahap Timurtas and had failed to conduct an investigation into the allegations, in violation
          of article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
          Communications received
          380. On 5 January 2000, the Government of Turkey informed the Special Rapporteur that 11
          of the 16 persons accused of attempting to murder Akin Birdal, the former President of the
          Human Rights Association in Turkey, had been sentenced to terms of imprisonment ranging
          from 10 years to 19 years and 2 months. Five of the accused had been acquitted.
          United Arab Emirates
          Urgent appeals
          381. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on 9 March 2000 jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on violence against women and the Special Rapporteur on the human rights
          of migrants concerning the case of Karteen Karikender, aged 35, an Indonesian migrant worker
          in the United Arab Emirates. According to information received, Ms. Karikender took ajob as a
          domestic helper in the city of Fujairah in February 1998.
          382. In 1999, she became pregnant and her employers accused her of adultery. She was
          handed over to the local authorities and delivered her baby while in detention. In 2000 she was
          summoned to face trial at the Syariah Fujairah Municipal Court, reportedly without any legal
          assistance and unattended by a translator/interpreter during the proceedings. OEe court found her
          guilty of adultery and sentenced her to death by stoning. OEe same court was said to have
          recently sentenced a Cypriot man convicted of battering his wife to death with a rock to
          four years in jail and 70 lashes. According to reports, the man responsible for the pregnancy was
          an Indian citizen who had disappeared without a trace and whom the court acquitted in absentia.
          The case was reportedly going to be appealed to a higher court in Fujairah. If her sentence is
          upheld on appeal the case may be referred to the Federal Supreme Court in Abu Dhabi and
          aifierwards to the President for ratiffication. The Indonesian Embassy to the United Arab
          Emirates had reportedly not been notiffied about the trial and only became aware of the case
          when the local media announced the death penalty nationwide. Article 36 of the Vienna
          Convention on Consular Relations recognizes the right to communicate with and receive
          assistance from one's own consular representatives. OEe alleged failure to inform the defendant
          of this right may have deprived her of important assistance in the preparation of her defence.
          The Special Rapporteurs expressed their concern at the fact that in 1997 six people, including
        
          
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          page 82
          one woman, were executed for murder. In 1998 one person, a Pakistani national, was executed
          aifier having been convicted of murder and in 1999 two people, a Pakistani national and a
          Sri Lankan national, were also executed for murder.
          Communications received
          383. OEe Government of the United Arab Emirates transmitted information on 14 April
          and 8 May 2000 to the Special Rapporteur concerning the case of Karteen Karikender.
          On 8 May 2000 the Government informed the Special Rapporteur that aifier Ms. Karikender's
          lawyer lodged an appeal against the sentence passed on his client, the penalty of stoning had
          been commuted to a term of one year's imprisonment and expulsion from the country aifier
          serving the sentence. The Court of Appeal based its judgement, in which it set aside the legally
          stipulated penalty of stoning for adultery, on the accused person's withdrawal of her confession
          to the crime of adultery, made during the investigation and trial before the court of ffirst instance
          and retracted before the Court of Appeal.
          Observations
          384. OEe Special Rapporteur welcomed the decision of the court to release
          Karteen Karikender. On 10 May the Special Rapporteur was informed by the source that the
          appeals court in the United Arab Emirates had commuted her death by stoning” sentence, and
          that she had been reunited with her husband and two sons in Indonesia.
          United States of America
          Urgent appeals
          385. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted 11 urgent appeals concerning the following persons
          who were sentenced to death.
          386. OEe Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on violence against women,
          transmitted an urgent appeal to the Government of the United States and a letter to the Governor
          of Texas on behalf of Betty Lou Beets who was reportedly scheduled to be executed
          on 24 February 2000. She had been sentenced to death in 1985 for the murder of her husband.
          The Special Rapporteurs were told that at Ms. Beets's trial crucial mitigating evidence, including
          her history of severe physical, sexual and emotional abuse from an early age, was never
          presented to the jury. Despite the appeals Betty Lou Beets was executed in Texas on the
          scheduled date.
          387. On S May 2000 the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal to the Government of the
          United States on behalf of Mark Lankford, sentenced to death in Idaho on 16 October 1984.
          Mark Henry Lankford and his brother Bryan were charged with the murders of two people
          during a robbery in 1983. It was reported that Bryan Lankford, who was tried ffirst and convicted
          in March 1984, agreed to testify against his brother. It had been brought to the
          Special Rapporteur's attention that without Bryan Lankford's testimony, there was no evidence
          that Mark had participated in killing the victims. It was also reported that the prosecutor
          acknowledged that the case against Mark was weak without Bryan's testimony. According to
        
          
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          the information received, Mark had always admitted that he assisted his brother aifier the killings,
          but that he had no prior knowledge that Bryan was going to kill the victims and he had had
          nothing to do with the murders. It is reported that Mark Lankford did not testify at his trial. He
          did, however, testify at his sentencing when he denied having killed the two victims. It is also
          reported that Bryan, who, at the beginning of the process, accused Mark of committing the
          murders, later recanted and stated that he alone was responsible for the killings. In April 1999,
          while waiting resentencing, Bryan again affrmed in a letter presented to his sentencing judge
          that he alone was responsible for the killing. The Special Rapporteur is awaiting a reply from
          the Government.
          388. On 2 June 2000 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal to the Government
          of the United States concerning the imminent execution in Alabama of Pernell Ford, who
          reportedly had a long history of serious mental disturbance.
          389. On 7 June the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on behalf of
          Thomas Provenzano, who was scheduled to be executed in Florida on 20 June 2000. The
          Special Rapporteur had sent an urgent appeal concerning the same case on 10 October 1999.
          Thomas Provenzano was diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder and paranoid
          schizophrenia.
          390. On 13 June 2000 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal concerning
          the case of Shaka Sankofa (Gary Graham) who was scheduled to be executed in Texas
          on 22 June 2000. OEe Special Rapporteur had also sent an urgent appeal on 1 January 1999.
          Mr. Sankofa was reportedly sentenced to death for a crime committed when he was 17 years of
          age.
          391. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on 16 August 2000 concerning
          the case of Alexander Edmund Williams who was scheduled to be executed in Georgia
          on 24 August 2000. Alexander Edmund Williams was reportedly sentenced to death for a crime
          committed when he was 17 years of age. He had remained on death row for 14 years, since his
          conviction in August 1986. It was also reported that Alexander Edmund Williams suffered from
          serious mental illness. According to the information received, his lawyer failed to present evidence
          to that eLect at his trial. It had been brought to the attention of the Special Rapporteur that
          Mr. Williams's lawyer reportedly failed to investigate his client's background. As a result, the
          jury was unaware of the severe physical and mental abuse that Mr. Williams had been subjected
          to as a child at the hands of various adults and the signs of mental illness he had displayed before
          the crime.
          392. On 12 September 2000 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on behalf of
          Derek Rocco Barnabei who was scheduled to be executed in Virginia on 14 September 2000. He
          was sentenced to death in 1995 for the rape and murder of 17-year-old university student
          Sarah Wisnosky in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1993. It is reported that material from Mr. Barnabei's
          case ffile, including biological evidence, went missing on 30 August 2000. The evidence was
          reportedly found on 1 September 2000 in the Norfolk Circuit Court off cc in a diLerent room
          from where it had disappeared. OEere were concerns that this material may have been tampered
          with and thereby compromised while it was missing.
        
          
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          393. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal concerning the case of
          Bobby Lee Ramdass, who was scheduled to be executed in Virginia on 10 October 2000. He
          was sentenced to death in 1993 for the murder of Mohammed Kayani during the robbery of a
          store in Fairfax County, Virginia, on 2 September 1992. He was previously convicted twice of
          robbery at two trials in January 1992, for which he received prison terms. It was reported that at
          his third trial, the prosecution used Mr. Ramdass's involvement in these and other crimes to
          argue that he was a future danger to society and should be executed. The Special Rapporteur
          was informed that under Virginia's then three-strikes law”, a person convicted of three separate
          crimes of murder, rape or armed robbery became ineligible for parole. It was reported that
          during the deliberations of the case in January 1993, the jury asked the judge whether
          Mr. Ramdass would be eligible for parole at any time in the event he was sentenced to life
          imprisonment. Reportedly, the judge did not answer the question, but advised the jurors to
          decide the case according to the evidence they had. In this connection, the Special Rapporteur
          noted that in 1994, the United States Supreme Court ruled, in Simmons v. South Carolina , that
          where a defendant's future dangerousness is at issue and State law prohibits his release on
          parole, due process requires that the sentencing jury be informed that the defendant is parole
          ineligible. In 1998, a federal judge, citing Simmons v. South Carolina , ordered a new sentencing
          hearing. On 23 November 1999, the Supreme Court stopped Mr. Ramdass's execution
          three hours before it was due in order to examine his Simmons v. South Carolina claim.
          On 12 June 2000, it upheld the sentence. Four of the nine justices dissented, describing as an
          acute unfairness” the fact that the State had been allowed to use the second conviction to argue
          Mr. Ramdass's future dangerousness while denying the defence the opportunity to argue that
          conviction made him ineligible for parole. In view of all these considerations, the Special
          Rapporteur was concerned that due process requirements may have been compromised in the
          trial leading to Mr. Ramdass's death sentence.
          394. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on 12 October 2000 concerning the
          case of Zolo Agona Azania, a black political activist and journalist who was scheduled to be
          executed in Indiana on 25 October 2000. He was sentenced to death in 1981 for the murder of a
          policeman in Gary, Indiana. It appears that a critical witness at his earlier trial perjured himself
          at the behest of the prosecution and that black jurors were not allowed to sit on the jury.
          395. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal on 6 November 2000 concerning
          the case of Miguel Angel Flores, a Mexican national who was scheduled to be executed in Texas
          on 9 November 2000. Mr. Flores was reportedly sentenced to death for the abduction, rape and
          murder in 1989 of Angela Tyson. According to the information received, Mr. Flores was not
          informed of his right to communicate with the Mexican consulate. It is further reported that the
          Government of Mexico did not learn of his detention until one year aifier he was tried, convicted
          and sentenced to death.
          396. On 15 November 2000 the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal
          concerning the case of James Chambers who was scheduled to be executed in Missouri
          on 15 November 2000. Mr. Chambers was reportedly sentenced to death for shooting a man to
          death aifier a fight in 1982. It was reported that he was sentenced following his conviction in a
          third trial and that the two previous trials had been declared unconstitutional. It was further
          reported that James Chambers has low mental ability, a fact which was not presented to the jury
          at the sentencing phase of the trial.
        
          
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          Communications received
          397. OEe Government replied to all of the Special Rapporteur's communications during the
          period under review. In its replies, the Government detailed the legal safeguards for defendants
          in criminal cases and speciffically cases in which the death penalty applies. The replies received
          were in response to cases concerning the following individuals: Christopher OEomas,
          Steve Edward Roach and Glen McGinnis (10 January 2000), Betty Lou Beets
          (23 February 2000), Joseph Stanley Faulder (14 March 2000), Charles Foster (23 May 2000),
          Shaka Sankofa (Gary Graham) (19 June 2000), Thomas Provenzano (21 June 2000),
          Pernell Ford (15 August 2000), Mark Henry Lankford (18 August 2000), Alexander Williams
          (30 August 2000), Bobby Lee Ramdass (6 October 2000), Zolo Angona Azania
          (24 October 2000) and Miguel Angel Flores (5 December 2000).
          398. Concerning the execution of Christopher Thomas, Steve Edward Roach and
          Glen McGinnis, who reportedly committed grave oLences when they were minors, the
          Government transmitted to the Special Rapporteur a copy of a letter addressed to the Human
          Rights Committee concerning this particular issue. The Government stated that the
          United States has consistently taken the position that the execution ofjuvenile oLenders is not
          inconsistent with international law.
          399. In the case of Betty Lou Beets, the Special Rapporteur expressed her concern at the fact
          that mitigating evidence of Betty Lou Beets's history of severe physical, sexual and emotional
          abuse was not taken into account when she was convicted and sentenced for murder. OEe
          Government informed the Special Rapporteur that even if she had had the opportunity to raise
          the defence of OEattered women's syndrome” in mitigation of the charges against her, neither
          Betty Lou Beets nor her lawyer chose to present evidence of past beatings at the trial. According
          to the information provided by the Government, the Fiifih Circuit Court of Appeals stated that a
          jury that had already determined that Betty Lou Beets murdered her husband in a calculated
          eLort to proffit from his death would not have been sympathetic to the impression fostered by
          mitigating evidence that Betty Lou Beets could not control herself'.
          400. OEe Government reported that the United States Supreme Court on 25 January 1999
          issued a decision that it would not review the case of Joseph Stanley Faulder and that the Texas
          state authorities were then free to reschedule the execution, although Mr. Faulder could also
          undertake additional eLorts to prevent it. Joseph Stanley Faulder was executed on 17 June 1999
          aifier his ffinal eLorts to obtain judicial remedies and commutation of sentence were unsuccessful.
          The Government reported that Mr. Faulder was not told, as he should have been, of his right to
          request the assistance of a Canadian consular offcial. In addition, his name did not appear on a
          list of Canadian prisoners provided to Canadian oLicials by the State of Texas. OEe Government
          believed that the Canadian off cials would have oLered Mr. Faulder consular assistance if his
          name had been on one of the lists. According to the Government, the rights to consular
          notiffication are not individual rights and the failure of notiffication does not give rise to any legal
          right to relief in a criminal proceeding. The Secretary of State had asked the Texas Board of
          Pardon and Paroles to give careful consideration to the consular aspects of his case; however, the
          Board decided against recommending clemency.
        
          
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          401. OEe Government informed the Special Rapporteur about the issue of Charles Foster's
          mental impairment, that he had had many opportunities during the judicial proceedings to raise
          the issue and that he had indeed done so. The issue was ffirst addressed prior to the trial itself
          when Mr. Foster was examined by professionals at Eastern State Hospital to determine whether
          or not he was competent to stand trial. These professionals concluded that he was capable of
          understanding the proceedings against him and that he had the ability to assist his attorney in his
          defence. OEe issue of Mr. Foster's mental impairment was reviewed during his habeas corpus
          petition to the United States District Court when he introduced an affdavit from a physician,
          which stated that his IQ was 68 and that he could not have assisted his attorney in his defence.
          The Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board considered his appeal for clemency and expressed no
          concern that he was so mentally impaired that he could not understand the proceedings against
          him.
          402. OEe Government reported that Shaka Sankofa was arrested on 20 May 1981, tried and
          found guilty of the capital murder of Bobby Lambert at a parking lot in Houston, Texas. His
          conviction was based on eyewitness testimony. According to the Government, Mr. Sankofa has
          availed himself of his due process rights under both state and federal law. In 1993, pursuant to a
          second request by Mr. Sankofa for a state writ of habeas corpus, Mr. Sankofa also presented an
          affdavit from a former employee who was gathering shopping carts in the parking lot several
          minutes before the shooting and had noticed the gunman standing just outside the store. In his
          opinion, Shaka Sankofa was not the killer. However, the court ruled that the employee did not
          witness the actual shooting and that his affdavit did not undermine the testimony and
          identiffication made by the eyewitness. Concerning the fact that Shaka Sankofa was a juvenile
          when he allegedly committed the crime, the Government stated that United States practice
          regarding execution ofjuvenile oLenders is consistent with international law. The United States
          has never undertaken a treaty obligation prohibiting capital punishment of persons who
          committed oLences before they were 18 years of age. Indeed, the United States has consistently
          made reservations to treaty provisions concerning capital punishment practice. Regarding the
          recommendations contained in the Beijing Rules and the Safeguards guaranteeing protection of
          the rights of those facing the death penalty, customary international law also does not prohibit
          the execution of persons who were 16 or 17 at the time of the crime when they are judged
          competent to be tried as adults. OEe Government noted that on 1 June 2000 Shaka Sankofa ffiled
          a clemency/reprieve request with the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles.
          403. On the OEomas Provenzano case, the Government reported that Governor Bush of
          Florida appointed a three-member commission of psychiatrists based on OEomas Provenzano's
          claim that he was not competent to face execution. On the basis of their report, the Circuit Court
          determined that Mr. Provenzano was competent to be executed. The Circuit Court's decision
          was appealed to the Florida State Supreme Court which in May 2000 afffirmed the decision.
          Although both the Circuit Court and the Florida State Supreme Court acknowledged that there
          was evidence that Mr. Provenzano had mental health problems to some degree, both courts
          agreed that he was aware of the punishment he was about to suLer and why he was about to
          suLer it. Based on the decision by the Florida State Court, OEomas Provenzano's execution date
          was set for 20 June 2000.
          404. On the Pernell Ford case, the Government reported that the convicted man ffiled
          on 30 May 2000 a motion to dismiss his habeas corpus petition, claiming that he wanted to be
        
          
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          executed. Mr. Ford also dismissed his lawyer at that time. Given his history of mental illness,
          the court would not agree to his request without a psychiatric evaluation. A psychiatrist
          examined Mr. Ford on two occasions. According to the Government, the psychiatrist stated that
          Pernell Ford was competent to dismiss his lawyer and his habeas corpus petition. OEe District
          Court granted Mr. Ford's requests. In July 1999, the decision was reviewed by the Eleventh
          Circuit Court of Appeals, which affrmed the decision of the lower court. On 2 June 2000
          Pernell Ford was executed.
          405. Concerning the case of Mark Henry Lankford, the Government informed the
          Special Rapporteur that according to the Attorney-General of the State of Idaho,
          Mark Henry Lankford had two appeals pending; the ffirst before the Ninth Circuit Court of
          Appeals where the parties were awaiting the date for oral argument; and the second before the
          Idaho Supreme Court on a successive post-conviction petition. Regarding the question of the
          recantation of Mr. Lankford's brother, mentioned by the Special Rapporteur in her urgent appeal,
          the Idaho Supreme Court concluded that the recantation would not have produced a different
          verdict, as there was additional physical evidence of Mark Henry Lankford's culpability in the
          murders.
          406. According to the information received from the Government, Alexander Williams was
          granted an indeffinite stay of execution on 22 August 2000 by the Georgia Supreme Court.
          407. In the case of Bobby Lee Ramdass, it had been reported that due process may have been
          compromised in the trial because the sentencing jury was not informed that Mr. Ramdass would
          have been ineligible for parole. In its reply, the Government conffirmed that this was indeed the
          case. However, the Government stated that the basis for the Supreme Court's decision was that
          at the time of the sentencing, Mr. Ramdass was not yet parole eligible. Under Virginia law a
          person convicted of three separate felony offences of murder, rape or armed robbery, not part of
          a common act, is ineligible for parole. Further, under Virginia law, a conviction does not
          become ffinal until the jury returns a verdict and, some time thereaifier, the judge enters a ffinal
          judgement conviction. According to the Government, extending the law to cover situations
          where a defendant might be parole ineligible is neither constitutionally required nor practically
          workable. OEere was therefore no denial of due process in this case.
          408. OEe Government reported that at the 1996 sentencing hearing of Zolo Agona Azania, a
          witness told the court that his testimony at Mr. Azania's initial 1982 trial was false. OEe witness
          stated that before he took the stand for the prosecution in that trial, he informed a police off cer
          that he could not identify the defendant and that someone had advised him where the defendant
          would be sitting in the courtroom. According to the Government, despite this admission the
          evidence against Mr. Azania was still strong enough to result in a second sentence of death. At
          the 1996 sentencing hearing the witness did not present any identiffication testimony and
          therefore his identiffication of Zolo Agona Azania was not an issue. With regard to the charge
          that no Blacks were allowed to sit on the jury, Mr. Azania had raised the issue in the federal
          court proceedings. The trial judge held a hearing at which Mr. Azania was asked to show that
          the disallowing of Blacks was likely to occur. Mr. Azania was unable to make such a showing,
          but said that he had reason to believe that the State would do so. Mr. Azania in his ffirst appeal
          raised the claim that the jury pool in the original trial included a disproportionately small number
          of minority members. However, under Indiana law, this alone was insuffcient to show
        
          
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          prejudice. According to the Government, to show reversible error it must be demonstrated that
          under-representation is due to a systematic exclusion of the group from the jury selection
          process.
          409. On 5 December 2000 the Government of the United States transmitted a reply to the
          Special Rapporteur on the case of Miguel Angel Flores. OEe Department of State noted that
          despite the fact that Mexican consular authorities became aware of Miguel Angel Flores's case
          in 1991, aifier he was sentenced the trial before the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals was
          completed in 1993. The Department noted further that the questions about mitigating evidence,
          competence of representation and competence of prosecution witnesses were all addressed in the
          courts in the process of Mr. Flores's appeals. The Department understood that Mr. Flores had
          speciffically prohibited his attorney from having his family members, many of whom lived in the
          United States, testify on his behalf; that counsel for Mr. Flores not only cross-examined the
          State's psychiatric witness but also presented his own expert to testify; and that Mr. Flores spoke
          English and had lived in the United States since he was three or four years old. OEe Department
          informed the Special Rapporteur that it had seen no evidence that Mexican consular assistance
          would have aLected the proceedings given the above-mentioned facts. OEe Government stated
          that the United States takes seriously its obligations to advise foreign nationals of their right
          under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. The Department of State regretted this
          failure and apologized to the Government of Mexico.
          Uzbekistan
          Urgent appeals
          410. On 30 June 2000, The Special Rapporteur sent an urgent action jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on torture concerning the case of Dmitry Chikunov who was convicted of the
          premeditated murder of two men and sentenced to death on 11 November 1999 by the Tashkent
          Regional Court. OEe Supreme Court of Uzbekistan reportedly turned down his appeal against
          his death sentence on 24 January 2000. It is alleged that while Mr. Chikunov was in pre-trial
          detention, law enforcement agents tortured him during interrogation and threatened to rape his
          mother unless he confessed to the crime he was accused of
          411. On 12 July 2000, the Special Rapporteur, jointly with the Special Rapporteur on
          torture, sent an urgent action to the Government of Uzbekistan concerning Oybek Ruzmetov,
          a 35-year-old man, his 30-year-old brother, Uygun Ruzmetov, Sardor Allayarov, a 28-year-old
          man, and Utkir Yusupov, a 26-year-old man, who reportedly were facing imminent execution
          aifier the Supreme Court rejected appeals against their death sentences. Oybek and
          Uygun Ruzmetov were arrested in December 1998 aifier police searched their house, in the town
          of Urgench in western Uzbekistan, and allegedly planted cartridges in Oybek Ruzmetov's room.
          He was later accused of being the head of an illegal group. OEe two brothers were said to
          have been held at the Urgench National Security Services, where a confession was said to have
          been extracted from them under torture. In February 1999, the police were said to have
          arrested the men's parents, forced them to undress down to their underwear and show
          themselves in handcuLs to their sons. OEe police are further said to have threatened to rape
          Uygun Ruzmetov's wife unless they confessed. The four above-mentioned persons and
          Shikhnozor Yakubov, a 25-year-old man, were convicted of planning to blow up a water
        
          
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          reservoir, attempting to overthrow the constitutional order to set up an Islamic State, organizing
          illegal armed groups, premeditated aggravated murder, and robbery and sentenced to death by
          the Tashkent Regional Court in July 1999. Shikhnozor Yakubov reportedly died as a result of
          beatings in prison in October 1999.
          412. On 8 August 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent action jointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on torture concerning the case of Rafael Mubarakshin, a student at Tashkent
          Aviation Institute, who was convicted of the premeditated murder of another student and
          sentenced to death in December 1999 by the Tashkent Regional Court. The Supreme Court
          reportedly rejected his appeal on 14 February. According to the information his lawyer was not
          present when the Supreme Court rejected his appeal, allegedly because he had not been told
          when the hearing would take place. It is alleged that while Rafael Mubarakshin was in pre-trial
          detention at Khamzinsky police station in Tashkent, law enforcement agents ill-treated him
          during interrogation. He reportedly confessed to the murder.
          413. On 16 August 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent actionjointly with the
          Special Rapporteur on torture concerning the case of Marat Rakhmanov, Andrey Zolotykh,
          Semyon Kimalov and Ruslan Gudimovich who were sentenced to death following separate
          criminal trials for premeditated aggravated murder by Samarkand Regional Court. OEeir appeals
          to the Supreme Court had reportedly been rejected. It was further reported that they could be
          executed at anytime. It was also alleged that Marak Rakbmanov had confessed to the murder
          only after he was tortured while in police custody. Furthermore, on 17 August 1999, whilst he
          was detained at Samarkand police station No. 6 awaiting the start of his trial, it is alleged he was
          severely beaten by police offcers. According to the information received there had been no
          investigation by the authorities into these allegations.
          414. On 24 August 2000 the Special Rapporteur transmitted another urgent appeal jointly with
          the Special Rapporteur on torture concerning the cases of Oybek Ruzmetov, Uygun Ruzmetov,
          Sardor Allayarov and Utkir Yusupov, referred to above. Renewed fears had been expressed that
          the accused could be at risk of torture or other forms of ill-treatment and summary, arbitrary or
          extrajudicial execution.
          Communications sent
          415. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted the following allegations to the Government of
          Uzbekistan concerning alleged violations of the right to life.
          416. It is reported that Rustam Norbaev reportedly died on 18 March 2000, as a result of
          torture while he was being detained in Milita district, Yakkagaba department, Kashkadarya
          province. Rustam Norbaev was reportedly arrested on 13 March 2000. It is alleged that the
          body had numerous signs of torture.
          417. It is alleged that Memat Karimov Mametjitovich died while in detention in Navoi
          on 23 March 2000. It is reported that he had been arrested on suspicion of participating in
          alleged terrorist acts on 16 February in Tashkent and sentenced to 20 years of imprisonment with
          confiscation of possessions. According to the information received, his family was informed
          about his death by telegram. OEe relatives were reportedly permitted to recover the body of the
        
          
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          victim, which was kept in the morgue near the detention camp. According to the source, the
          body displayed injuries suggesting that the victim had been tortured before he died. It is reported
          that his face was severely disffigured.
          Communications received
          418. On 24 August 2000, the Government of Uzbekistan informed the Special Rapporteur that
          every Uzbek citizen is guaranteed judicial protection of his or her rights and freedoms and the
          right to appeal to the courts against unlawful actions by the authorities and offcials. The
          Government pointed out that the judiciary in Uzbekistan operates independently of the
          legislative and executive branches and that the Uzbek law enforcement agencies operate within
          the framework of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in accordance with national
          law.
          Venezuela
          Urgent appeals
          419. OEe Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 27 January 2000 concerning death
          threats allegedly received by Solmari Madera from a police off cer who reportedly searched her
          house and took money he found during his search of the premises.
          420. OEe Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal on 21 March 2000 concerning death threats
          allegedly received by Eduardo Sojo Diaz, 16 years of age, and his mother. It was reported that
          they were told that if they testiffied against the murderers of Eduardo's brother, they would be
          killed. According to the source, Eduardo's brother was allegedly killed by a member of the
          municipal police of Sucre State.
          Communications sent
          421. According to the information received, Jrwich Anderson Ramirez and
          Antonio Reyes were allegedly murdered in the neighbourhood of San Miguel, Caracas,
          on 16 September 1999, apparently by members of the Guardia Nacional. It is reported that
          members of the Guardia Nacional allegedly went to the homes of Irwich Anderson Ramirez and
          Antonio Reyes to investigate the death of Urwich Leonett, which, according to the source, had
          occurred a few days before. OEe National Police off cers then allegedly proceeded to execute
          Irwich Anderson Ramirez and Antonio Reyes in the presence, according to the report, of the wife
          of Jrwich Anderson Ramirez.
          Communications received
          422. In a letter of 28 September 2000, the Government of Venezuela reported to the
          Special Rapporteur on the case of Hirwich Ramirez Cisneros and Marcelo Reyes Montilla. OEe
          Government informed the Special Rapporteur that, on the basis of the autopsy, it was determined
          that the cause of the death of Hirwich Ramirez Cisneros was a gunshot wound to the chest and
          that, in the case of Marcelo Reyes Montilla, death was the result of internal bleeding caused by a
          gunshot wound to the chest and abdomen. OEe Government also reports that the facts in the case
        
          
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          are being investigated by the First Prosecutor's Offfice in the Off cc of the Attorney-General of
          the Caracas metropolitan area and by the Homicide Division of the Judicial Police Technical
          Unit, with two persons (whom the Government identiffies in its reply) having been accused of
          aggravated homicide and the unlawful use of a weapon.
          Yemen
          Urgent appeals
          423. On 14 June 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal concerning the case of
          Abdullah Mohammad Ahmad Shayban, who was convicted of murder and sentenced to death
          in 1997. It was reported that Abdullah Mohammad Ahmad Shayban appealed on the grounds
          that he had acted in self-defence, and the appeal court reduced his sentence to ffive years'
          imprisonment. However, the Supreme Court later overturned the appeal court's verdict and
          upheld the death penalty. It had been reported that following the decision of the Supreme Court,
          Abdullah Mohammad Ahmad Shayban could be at risk of imminent execution. In view of
          the fact that the two courts reached diLerent verdicts based on the same evidence, the
          Special Rapporteur appealed to the Government of Yemen to order a stay of execution and to
          ensure that his case was thoroughly reviewed.
          424. On 12 July 2000, the Special Rapporteur sent an urgent appeal concerning the case of
          Mohamed Omar Haji, a refugee from Somalia who was sentenced to death on 5 July 2000 by a
          court in Aden for having converted from Islam to Christianity. He was reportedly given
          till 12 July 2000 to recant and declare that he would return to Islam. OEere were also reports
          indicating that Mr. Haji was severely ill-treated and threatened by the police during interrogation
          at the al-Tawahi police station in Aden.
          Communications received
          425. On 14 November 2000, the Government of Yemen informed the Special Rapporteur
          about the case of Mohamed Omar Haji, a Somali refugee who converted to Christianity. The
          Government pointed out that this act constitutes an oLence under Yemeni law and legislation.
          Accordingly, the said person was arrested and referred for trial on charges of apostasy, but the
          Government decided instead to expel him from the territory of Yemen, a decision which was put
          into eLect on 25 August 2000.
          Yugoslavia
          Communications
          426. By letter dated on 2 August 2000 the Special Rapporteur requested the Government of
          the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to extend her an invitation to visit the country. OEe
          Special Rapporteur informed the Government that the purpose of the visit would be to discuss
          issues falling under her mandate in connection with the situation in the province of Kosovo, with
          the aim of reaching an independent assessment of the reports and allegations received.
        
          
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          Communications received
          427. On 17 August 2000 the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia extended an
          invitation to the Special Rapporteur to visit the country. OEe Special Rapporteur is in contact
          with the Government to determine the dates for the visit.
          Zambia
          Communications received
          428. On 12 May 2000, the Government transmitted information to the Special Rapporteur in
          response to an allegation sent by the Special Rapporteur in 1999 concerning the case of
          Kosamu Ngome. OEe Government reported that Kosamu Ngome was regrettably shot in
          self-defence whilst he was firing at police offcers.
          429. On 15 May 2000, the Government informed the Special Rapporteur about the Soweto
          market incident and the Limalunga village incident. With regard to the former, the Government
          stated that the crowd was dispersed by a police battalion, not armed paramilitary police off cers.
          The Government explained that a battalion consists of 30 police offcers armed only with long
          batons and tear gas canisters. OEere were no deaths reported. When the tear gas was used there
          was a stampede, in which Jane Mwamba was caught. The Government pointed out that the
          police offcers were lawfully quelling a riot, as it is their mandate to preserve life, protect
          property and maintain law and order.
          430. Concerning the Limalunga village incident, the Government reported that in the case of
          Kaluminiana Muyangwa Libuku, the police were exercising the internationally recognized
          principle of hot pursuit” and in the process of apprehending him Mr. Libuku was shot in the
          stomach and died because of the poor medical facilities at the village. OEe Government
          conceded that one of the off cers was careless in his use of a ffirearm. This person (identiffied by
          the Government in its response) had since been arrested, convicted of manslaughter and
          dismissed from the police service.
          431. In the case of Josias Jmasiku Mushala, the Government reported that he was a suspect in
          a burglary. His arm was dislocated whilst he was running away from lawful custody. OEe
          Government stressed that no batons or rifle butts were used in his apprehension.
          432. With respect to Masiye Lowendo and Sisheho Sinaali, the Government reported that they
          were kept in police cells for 24 hours and then immediately transferred to Mongu remand prison.
          433. In the case of Evans Kapaso, the Government pointed out that the offcers concerned
          were immediately charged with gross discreditable conduct, were detained and tried by the
          Police Tribunal and convicted.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
          page 93
          Zimbabwe
          Urgent appeals
          434. On 27 April 2000, the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal drawing the
          attention of the Government of Zimbabwe to serious concerns over the safety of opposition
          activists and supporters who had been intimidated and attacked in rural areas, allegedly by
          so-called war veterans” and other supporters of the ruling party, the Zimbabwe African National
          Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), since February 2000. OEe Special Rapporteur also expressed
          her concern over continuing reports of attacks by former independence ffighters and other
          supporters of ZANU-PF against commercial farmers and their employees. At least nine persons
          had reportedly been killed since the beginning of the hostilities. It was further reported that
          senior police oLicers had refused to comply with the High Court rulings of 17 March
          and 13 April that the war veterans” and squatters” should leave the farms they were occupying.
          There were reports that police had failed to intervene to prevent abuses or apprehend culprits at
          the scene. The Special Rapporteur urged the Government to ensure that the rule of law was
          upheld, in order not to encourage perpetrators to believe that they could commit human rights
          abuses with impunity. The Special Rapporteur also called on the Government to take immediate
          and eLective measures to protect persons at risk from further violence and abuses.
          Communications received
          435. On 22 May 2000, the Government informed the Special Rapporteur about the occupation
          of farms by Zimbabwe's war veterans. OEe Government stated that the farm occupations” are
          in fact demonstrations on farms by the war veterans and did not target White-owned properties
          only. There had been no deliberate policy by the Government encouraging the demonstrations
          on the farms. OEe President of Zimbabwe called on both the war veterans and the farmers to
          desist from violence and from provoking each other in the course of the demonstrations. OEe
          Government stated that all incidents were investigated by the police.
          B. Other
          Palestinian Authority
          Urgent appeal
          436. On 5 July 2000, the Special Rapporteur transmitted an urgent appeal to the Palestinian
          Authority concerning the case of Raj i Saqir who had been sentenced to death for the murder of
          Ahlam Duqmaq on 3 July 2000. It was alleged that the proceedings before the State Security
          Court did not conform to international fair trial standards. The defendant was reportedly not
          given suffcient time to prepare his defence. It further appeared that he would not be entitled to
          appeal the verdict to a higher court. In view of these allegations, the Special Rapporteur urged
          the Palestinian Authority to order a stay of execution so that Raji Saqir's case could be
          thoroughly reviewed.
        
          
          E/CN. 4/2001/9/Add. 1
          page 94
          Communications sent
          437. OEe Special Rapporteur transmitted an allegation of violation of right to life on behalf of
          Khaled Mohamed Younis Al-Bahar, who was arrested on 25 May 2000 by the Preventive
          Security Service. It was reported that on 6 July 2000 Khaled Mohamed Younis Al-Bahar died at
          Dhaheria prison while in the custody of the Palestinian police. It was also alleged that the
          charges against him were unknown to the family and that no visitors were allowed to see him at
          any time.
        

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